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Human Development Across the Lifespan

ISBN: 9780072967357 | 0072967358
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
Pub. Date: 4/15/2005

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SummaryTable of Contents
This chronologically-organized text is less expensive and briefer than most of the Human Lifespan texts. Its numerous examples drawn from education, nursing, and psychology make the content relevant to students from a variety of majors and backgrounds, while a highly praised study guide integrated into the text promotes and reinforces conceptual understanding. The new edition includes increased material on cognitive development and expanded coverage of culture.
Prefacexiii
part 1 Introduction
Lifespan Psychology: An Introduction
3(30)
An Example of De... MORE
4(1)
Colin Powell: An Amazing Journey
4(1)
Thinking about Lifespan Development
5(2)
Why Study the Lifespan?
5(1)
What Is Development?
6(1)
Changing Views of the Lifespan
7(8)
Children through the Years
7(3)
Adolescence: A Time of Storm, Stress, or Calm?
10(2)
The Adult Years
12(3)
An Applied View Chart Your Own Lifespan
15(1)
Different Views of Lifespan Development
15(3)
A Biological Perspective
16(1)
A Bioecological Perspective
16(2)
The Importance of Biopsychosocial Interactions
18(1)
Understanding Children's Cultures
18(1)
A Sociocultural View The Impact of the Cultural Climate
19(2)
Contributors to Biopsychosocial Interactions
20(1)
Issues in Lifespan Development
21(1)
Continuity versus Discontinuity
21(1)
Stability versus Change
21(1)
Nature versus Nurture
22(1)
Developmental Research
22(1)
An Applied View When Are Research References Too Old?
23(3)
Data Collection Techniques
23(2)
Time Variable Designs
25(1)
An Applied View Understanding the Research Article
26(2)
Conclusion & Summary
28(1)
Key Terms
29(1)
What Do You Think?
29(1)
Chapter Review Test
29(4)
Theories of Development: Interpreting the Lifespan
33(26)
The Psychoanalytic Approach
35(2)
Structures of the Mind
35(1)
The Developing Personality
36(1)
Psychosocial Crisis and Development
37(3)
Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages
38(2)
The Cognitive Developmental Approach
40(2)
Jean Piaget's Theory
40(2)
The Cultural Framework Approach
42(2)
Lev Vygotsky's Theory
43(1)
The Zone of Proximal Development
44(1)
An Applied View Literary Lunches
44(1)
A Sociocultural View Cultures and Scaffolding
45(1)
The Behavioral Approach
46(2)
Skinner and Operant Conditioning
47(1)
An Applied View Who Can Find the Raisin?
48(1)
Bandura and Social Cognitive Learning
48(1)
Developmental Theory: Current Status, Future Direction
49(5)
Interactions among Levels of Development
50(1)
Developmental Contextualism
51(3)
Conclusion & Summary
54(1)
Key Terms
55(1)
What Do You Think?
55(1)
Chapter Review Test
55(4)
part 2 Beginnings
The Biological Basis of Development
59(24)
The Fertilization Process
60(6)
The Beginnings
61(1)
The Menstrual Cycle
62(2)
Infertility
64(1)
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
65(1)
An Informed View To Clone or Not to Clone
66(2)
Adoption
67(1)
A Sociocultural View Foreign Adoption---an Odyssey
68(1)
Heredity at Work
69(7)
Chromosomes and Genes
70(1)
DNA: Structure and Function
70(3)
How Traits Are Transmitted
73(1)
Hereditary Disorders
74(2)
The Human Genome Project
76(3)
How the Human Genome Project Began
78(1)
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications
78(1)
Conclusion & Summary
79(1)
Key Terms
80(1)
What Do You Think?
80(1)
Chapter Review Test
80(3)
Pregnancy and Birth
83(28)
The Prenatal World
84(5)
The Germinal Period
85(1)
The Embryonic Period
85(3)
The Fetal Period
88(1)
An Applied View Fetal Surgery
89(2)
Influences on Prenatal Development
91(6)
Teratogens
91(4)
Maternal Influences
95(2)
A Sociocultural View Different Attitudes Toward Pregnancy
97(2)
The Birth Process
99(4)
Stages in the Birth Process
99(1)
Birth Complications
100(3)
An Informed View Do Childbirth Strategies Matter?
103(1)
The Special Case of Prematurity
103(1)
An Applied View The Changing World of Prematures
104(2)
Conclusion & Summary
106(1)
Key Terms
106(1)
What Do You Think?
107(1)
Chapter Review Test
107(4)
part 3 Infancy
Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
111(36)
Physical Development in Infancy
112(4)
Development Milestones of Infancy
113(1)
Brain Development
114(2)
An Informed View Building the Brain Structure
116(7)
Neonatal Reflexes
119(1)
Newborn Abilities
120(2)
Neonatal Assessment Techniques
122(1)
An Informed View Neonates: Competent or Helpless?
123(3)
Motor Development
123(1)
Neonatal Problems
124(2)
An Applied View Toilet Training---Easy or Difficult?
126(2)
Perceptual Development
128(3)
The Meaning of Perception
128(1)
Visual Perception
129(1)
Auditory Perception
130(1)
Cognitive Development
131(5)
Piaget's Sensorimotor Period
131(2)
Criticisms of Piaget
133(1)
Information Processing in Infancy
134(2)
An Applied View Infantile Amnesia
136(1)
Language Development
137(1)
An Informed View Infants and Their Language Development
137(1)
Acquiring Their Language
138(1)
A Sociocultural View Context and Language
138(5)
The Language Theorists
139(1)
Key Signs of Language Development
140(3)
Conclusion & Summary
143(1)
Key Terms
143(1)
What Do You Think?
144(1)
Chapter Review Test
144(3)
Psychosocial Development in Infancy
147(26)
The Meaning of Relationships
148(4)
Characteristics of the Developing Relationship
149(1)
How Do Children Develop Relationships?
150(1)
The Role of Reciprocal Interactions
151(1)
Parental Roles: Expectations for a Relationship
151(1)
A Sociocultural View Different Cultures, Different Interactions
152(1)
Attachment
153(4)
Bowlby's Work
154(1)
Attachment Research
154(2)
Continuing Attachment Research
156(1)
An Informed View Parents, Attachment, and Future Relationships
157(2)
Fathers and Attachment
158(1)
Temperament
159(4)
The Origins of Temperament
160(1)
Goodness of Fit
161(1)
Sensitive Responsiveness
162(1)
Early Emotional Development
163(4)
Emotions and Emotional Development
164(1)
Signs of Emotional Development
165(1)
Analyzing Emotional Expressions
166(1)
Conclusion & Summary
167(1)
Key Terms
168(1)
What Do You Think?
168(1)
Chapter Review Test
168(5)
part 4 Early Childhood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
173(30)
Physical and Motor Development
174(6)
Features of Physical Development
175(1)
Continuing Brain Development
175(2)
Influences on Physical Development in Early Childhood
177(3)
Cognitive Development
180(1)
An Informed View Children and Their Drawings
181(5)
Piaget's Preoperational Period
181(4)
Children's Theory of Mind
185(1)
An Applied View Children and Their Humor
186(2)
Early Childhood Education
188(2)
Piaget and Montessori
188(1)
Project Head Start
188(2)
An Applied View Good Preschools
190(1)
Language Development
191(1)
Language as Rule Learning
192(1)
An Applied View The Biological Basis of Language
192(2)
The Pattern of Language Development
193(1)
An Informed View Reading Aloud to Children
194(2)
Bilingualism
195(1)
An Applied View Meet Genie---A Child You'll Never Forget
196(2)
A Sociocultural View Teaching Non-English-Speaking Students: Bilingual Education or ESL?
198(1)
Conclusion & Summary
199(1)
Key Terms
200(1)
What Do You Think?
200(1)
Chapter Review Test
200(3)
Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
203(30)
The Family in Development
204(3)
A Changing View of the Family
205(1)
Parents and Their Children
206(1)
An Informed View The Puzzling Topic of Punishment
207(2)
Siblings and Development
208(1)
A Sociocultural View Families in Their Cultures
209(5)
Children of Divorce
210(2)
Day Care
212(2)
An Applied View Types of Day Care
214(3)
The Self Emerges
217(1)
The Development of Self
217(1)
An Applied View When I and Me Are We
218(1)
Changes in the Developing Self
218(1)
The Role of Gender in Development
219(4)
Definition of Terms
220(1)
Acquiring Gender Identity
221(2)
Gender Stereotyping
223(1)
An Informed View The Emotional Life of Boys
223(1)
The Importance of Play
224(3)
The Meaning of Play
225(1)
Developmental Aspects of Play
226(1)
An Applied View Children and Their Toys
227(1)
Conclusion & Summary
228(1)
Key Terms
229(1)
What Do You Think?
229(1)
Chapter Review Test
229(4)
part 5 Middle Childhood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
233(36)
Physical Development
235(2)
Nutrition
235(1)
Physical Changes in Middle Childhood
236(1)
An Informed View The Brain and Children's Literature
237(1)
Children Who Are Exceptional
237(1)
An Applied View The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
238(1)
Cognitive Development
239(3)
Piaget and Concrete Operations
240(2)
An Applied View Footprints in the History of Intelligence
242(3)
New Ways of Looking at Intelligence
242(3)
A Sociocultural View Immigrant Children and Tests
245(1)
Thinking and Problem Solving
246(6)
Children and Thinking Skills
246(3)
Problem-Solving Strategies
249(2)
The DUPE Model
251(1)
An Applied View The Role of Memory
252(1)
Moral Development
253(5)
The Path of Moral Development
254(1)
Piaget's Explanation
255(1)
Kohlberg's Theory
256(1)
Gilligan's In a Different Voice
256(2)
An Applied View Moral Development at Home and in the Classroom
258(1)
An Informed View Teaching Moral Values: In the School or in the Home?
259(1)
Language Development
260(4)
Changes in Usage
260(1)
The Importance of Reading
260(2)
Children and Their Books
262(2)
Conclusion & Summary
264(1)
Key Terms
265(1)
What Do You Think?
265(1)
Chapter Review Test
265(4)
Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
269(34)
The Changing Sense of Self
270(5)
Self-Esteem and Competence
271(2)
Children and Self-Control
273(2)
An Applied View The Bully
275(1)
An Informed View Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
276(1)
The Influence of Peers
277(3)
Interactions, Relationships, and Groups: The Middle Childhood Years
278(1)
Peers in Middle Childhood
279(1)
Schools and Middle Childhood
280(3)
Are Schools Really That Important?
280(2)
Schools and Development
282(1)
A Sociocultural View Poverty, Culture, and Education
283(2)
An Applied View Translating Knowledge into Practice
285(1)
Television and Development
285(1)
An Applied View The Extent of Television Watching
286(2)
Television and Cognitive Development
286(1)
Television and Violence
287(1)
An Informed View Television and Positive Outcomes
288(1)
Stress in Childhood
289(8)
Types of Stress
291(1)
Why Children React Differently to Stress
291(1)
Abused Children
292(1)
The Special Case of Sexual Abuse
293(1)
Resilient Children
294(3)
Conclusion & Summary
297(1)
Key Terms
298(1)
What Do You Think?
298(1)
Chapter Review Test
298(5)
part 6 Adolescence
Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
303(34)
How Should We Define Adolescence?
304(3)
When Does Adolescence Start?
305(2)
An Applied View An Average Day in the Life of Some North American Teens
307(1)
Theories of Adolescence
307(1)
An Informed View Is a Bias Built into Adolescent Research?
308(1)
Anna Freud's Psychological Theory
308(1)
A Sociocultural View Is Adolescence a Cultural Phenomenon?
309(4)
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
309(2)
John Hill's Biopsychosocial Theory
311(2)
Physical Development
313(3)
Your Reproductive System
313(2)
When Does Puberty Start?
315(1)
An Applied View Dealing with Early or Late Development
316(5)
Attitudes Toward Menarche
317(1)
The Secular Trend
317(1)
Body Image and Eating Disorders
318(2)
The Role of Stress
320(1)
Cognitive Development
321(4)
Variables in Cognitive Development: Piaget
322(1)
Emotions and Brain Development
323(1)
Adolescent Egocentrism
324(1)
Critical Thinking
325(1)
An Informed View What's Your View: Should Critical Thinking About Interpersonal Problems Be Taught in Our Schools?
325(1)
An Applied View Video Games and Cognitive Development
326(5)
Creative Thinking
326(2)
Mental Health Issues
328(3)
An Informed View Is the New Emphasis on Testing Helping or Hurting Students?
331(1)
Conclusion & Summary
332(1)
Key Terms
333(1)
What Do You Think?
333(1)
Chapter Review Test
333(4)
Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
337(32)
Changing American Families and Their Roles in Adolescent Life
338(1)
The Loss of Functions
338(1)
An Applied View How Well Do Parents Know What Their Teens Are Doing?
339(4)
The Effects of Divorce
340(2)
The Nurturing Parent
342(1)
Peer Relations
343(2)
Developmental Patterns of Peer Groups
343(2)
An Applied View Internet Bullies
345(1)
Functions of Peer Groups
345(1)
Sexual Behavior
346(3)
Stages of Sexuality
347(1)
Autosexual Behavior
347(1)
Homosexual Behavior
348(1)
An Informed View Is Homosexuality a Matter of Choice?
349(1)
Heterosexual Behavior
349(1)
An Applied View How to Talk to Teens About Sex (or Anything Else, for That Matter)
350(1)
A Sociocultural View Adolescent Sexual Activity: A Look at Risk Factors in Three Ethnic Groups
351(1)
Sexually Transmitted Infections
352(5)
AIDS
352(2)
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
354(3)
The Teenage Parent
357(2)
An Applied View Talking to Teens About Pregnancy
359(1)
Illegal Behavior
359(3)
Substance Abuse
359(2)
Criminal Behavior
361(1)
An Informed View Youth Violence
362(1)
Conclusion & Summary
363(1)
Key Terms
364(1)
What Do You Think?
364(1)
Chapter Review Test
364(5)
part 7 Early Adulthood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood
369(24)
Initiation into Adulthood
370(2)
The Transition to Adulthood in the United States
371(1)
Implications of the Lack of an Initiation Ceremony
372(1)
An Applied View The Components of Maturity
372(2)
Physical Development
374(3)
The Peak Is Reached
374(1)
Organ Reserve
374(1)
The Effect of Lifestyle on Health
375(2)
An Applied View Dealing with Adult Children of Alcoholics
377(1)
An Informed View Can Drinking Alcohol Have Positive Effects?
378(2)
Cognitive Development
380(4)
Intellectual/Ethical Development
380(2)
``Women's Ways of Knowing''
382(2)
An Applied View Getting a Job
384(1)
Patterns of Work
384(1)
The Phenomenon of the Dual-Career Family
384(1)
An Applied View Choosing a Career
385(1)
An Informed View Working Mothers and Work--Family Conflict
386(1)
Home-Based Work
386(1)
A Sociocultural View Should Psychologists Pay More Attention to Culture?
387(2)
Conclusion & Summary
389(1)
Key Terms
389(1)
What Do You Think?
390(1)
Chapter Review Test
390(3)
Psychosocial Development in Early Adulthood
393(28)
Marriage and the Family
393(4)
Changing American Marriages and Families
394(3)
An Informed View Is the Increase in the Number of Working Mothers Seriously Harming the American Family?
397(1)
Types of Marriage
397(1)
Personal Development
398(1)
The Adult Life Cycle: Levinson
398(1)
An Applied View Responsibility for Self
399(6)
Seasons of a Man's Life: Levinson
400(3)
Intimacy versus Isolation: Erikson
403(2)
Sexual Identity and Gender Roles
405(5)
Aspects of Gender Role
406(1)
The Traditionalist View
406(1)
Evolutionary Psychology
407(1)
Androgyny
407(1)
Male versus Female Identity
408(2)
Interpersonal Relations
410(4)
Sexuality
410(1)
Marital Practices
411(1)
Forms and Factors of Love: Sternberg
412(2)
An Applied View Are You a Good Lover?
414(1)
Validation: Fromm
414(1)
An Applied View How's Your Individuation Index?
415(1)
Conclusion & Summary
416(1)
Key Terms
417(1)
What Do You Think?
417(1)
Chapter Review Test
418(3)
part 8 Middle Adulthood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
421(26)
Physical Development
421(2)
Health
422(1)
An Applied View Food Imbalances
423(5)
Muscular Ability
423(1)
Sensory Abilities
423(2)
The Climacteric
425(3)
Cognitive Development
428(4)
Intelligence
428(1)
New Views of Intelligence
429(2)
Memory
431(1)
The Development of Creativity
431(1)
A Sociocultural View Cultural Bias and Cognitive Decline
432(2)
An Informed View Do Most People Become More Creative as They Grow Older?
434(2)
Learning Ability
435(1)
An Applied View Obstacles and Aids to Creativity
436(1)
An Applied View The Lifelong Learning Resource System
437(1)
Patterns of Work
438(4)
Special Problems of the Working Woman
438(1)
The Midcareer Crisis
439(2)
Some Suggestions for Dealing with the Midcareer Crisis
441(1)
Conclusion & Summary
442(1)
Key Terms
443(1)
What Do You Think?
443(1)
Chapter Review Test
443(4)
Phychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
447(28)
Dealing with the Stresses of Adulthood
448(2)
The General Adaptation Syndrome
448(2)
An Applied View Coping with Debilitating Anxiety
450(1)
Risk and Resilience
450(1)
A Sociocultural View Cultural Stress: Membership in a Minority Group
451(1)
Marriage and Family Relations
452(1)
Marriage at Middle Age
452(1)
An Applied View Marriage Therapy in Middle Adulthood
453(2)
Relationships with Aging Parents
453(2)
A Sociocultural View Sibling Relationships in Contrasting Societies
455(4)
Relationships with Siblings
455(1)
Friendships
456(1)
The Middle-Aged Divorced Person
456(3)
Sex and Love in Middle Adulthood
459(1)
Personality Development: Continuous or Changing?
460(6)
Continuity versus Change
460(1)
Seasons of a Man's Life: Levinson
461(3)
Seasons of a Woman's Life: Levinson
464(1)
Gender Splitting
464(2)
Generativity versus Stagnation: Erikson
466(1)
A Sociocultural View Does Having a ``Midlife Crisis'' Depend on Your Ethnic Background?
466(2)
Continuous Traits Theory
467(1)
An Informed View Traits versus Stages
468(1)
Conclusion & Summary
469(1)
Key Terms
470(1)
What Do You Think?
470(1)
Chapter Review Test
471(4)
part 9 Late Adulthood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
475(30)
Must We Age and Die?
476(1)
A Sociocultural View Percentage of Elderly in Japan Higher Than Here
477(5)
Physiological Theories of Aging
477(3)
Genetic Theories of Aging
480(1)
Effects of the Natural Environment on Aging
480(1)
Other Modifiers of Aging
480(2)
A Sociocultural View The Role of Relatives in the Health of Persons of Color
482(1)
An Applied View The Facts on Aging Quiz
483(1)
Physical Development
484(2)
Reaction Time
484(1)
Sensory Abilities
484(2)
An Informed View When Should the Elderly Lose Their License?
486(5)
Other Body Systems
486(1)
Health
487(4)
An Applied View New Research Shatters a Long-Standing Belief About Neurons
491(1)
A Sociocultural View Gateball and the Japanese Elderly
491(1)
Appearance
492(1)
Cognitive Development
492(1)
An Applied View A Comparison of Physical Abilities
493(2)
Cognitive Ability in the Elderly: Tests versus Observations
494(1)
Creativity
494(1)
An Applied View Ways to Keep Memory Functioning
495(5)
Wisdom
498(2)
Conclusion & Summary
500(1)
Key Terms
500(1)
What Do You Think?
500(1)
Chapter Review Test
501(4)
Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood
505(20)
Social Development
506(1)
Gender Roles
506(1)
An Informed View Is Role Discontinuity Inherent in Growing Old?
507(2)
Sexuality
507(2)
An Applied View Alternatives for Erectile Dysfunction
509(3)
The Elderly and Their Families
510(2)
A Sociocultural View Caregiving for the Elderly in Two Cultures
512(1)
An Applied View Assisted Living for Older Adults
513(2)
An Applied View Do You Know Your Grandparents?
515(1)
The Older Worker
515(2)
Performance
515(1)
Retirement
516(1)
Personal Development
517(3)
The Committee on Human Development
518(2)
An Applied View How Their Attitudes Can Affect the Way People Think
520(1)
Erikson
520(1)
An Applied View Getting Perspective on Your Thinking
520(2)
Conclusion & Summary
522(1)
Key Terms
522(1)
What Do You Think?
522(1)
Chapter Review Test
523(2)
Dying and Spirituality
525(26)
The Role of Death in Life
525(4)
What Is Death?
525(1)
The Leading Causes of Death in the United States
526(1)
Four Types of Death
526(2)
The Legal Definition of Death
528(1)
Dealing Successfully with the Death of Others
528(1)
Grief Work
529(2)
Pathological Grieving
529(2)
An Applied View A Personal Experience of One of the Authors with Delayed Reaction
531(1)
The Role of Grief
531(1)
An Applied View Dealing with Grief and Associated Anger
532(1)
The Role of the Funeral
532(1)
A Sociocultural View The Funeral in Other Times and Countries
533(3)
Dealing Successfully with One's Own Death
534(2)
Suicide: The Rejection of Life
536(2)
The Overall Picture
536(1)
The Influence of Gender on Suicide
536(2)
An Applied View The Danger Signs of Suicide
538(1)
``Successful'' Dying
538(1)
Death with Dignity
538(1)
An Applied View My Attempts at Suicide (by Anonymous)
539(3)
The Hospice: ``A Better Way of Dying''
540(2)
Spirituality
542(1)
Religious Participation
542(1)
An Applied View If You Had Your Life to Live Over Again, What Would You Do Differently?
543(6)
Frankl's Theory of Spirituality
543(1)
Jung's Theory of Spirituality
544(1)
Wilson's Theory of Spirituality
545(2)
Fowler's Theory of Spirituality
547(2)
Conclusion & Summary
549(1)
Key Terms
549(1)
What Do You Think?
549(1)
Chapter Review Test
550(1)
Glossary551(10)
References561(33)
Credits594(2)
Name Index596(7)
Subject Index603

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