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The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

by: Nolte, John

The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

by: Nolte, John

ISBN 13:
9780815189114
ISBN 10:
0815189117
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/01/1998
Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div
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Summary

Known for its readability, this new edition incorporates 3-dimensional brain images for increased visual clarity and greater understanding. The latest edition of this core introductory neuroscience text includes over 500 full-color photographs, brain scans, and drawings. THE HUMAN BRAIN presents the major concepts of brain structure and function with the use of new, modern imaging techniques that enhances understanding of brain activity. The text includes more neurophysiology, substantially more charts and tables, smaller-sized chapters, and clinically relevant illustrations.

1 Introduction to the Nervous System,

(35)

The nervous system has central and peripheral parts,

(1)

The principal cellular elements of the nervous system are neurons and glial cells

(34)

2 Development of the Nervous System

(15)

The neural tube and neural crest give rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems

(7)

Adverse events during development can cause congenital malformations of the nervous system

(8)

3 Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System

(25)

The long axis of the CNS bends at the cephalic flexure

(1)

Hemisecting a brain reveals parts of the diencephalon, brainstem, and ventricular system

(1)

Humans, relative to other animals, have large brains

(2)

Named sulci and gyri cover the cerebral surface,

(5)

The diencephalon includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

(1)

Most cranial nerves are attached to the brainstem

(3)

The cerebellum includes a vermis and two hemispheres

(1)

Sections of the cerebrum reveal the basal ganglia and limbic structures

(4)

Parts of the nervous system are interconnected in systematic ways

(8)

4 Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord

(20)

There are three meningeal layers: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

(1)

The dura mater provides mechanical strength

(5)

The dura mater has an arachnoid lining

(4)

Pia mater covers the surface of the CNS

(1)

The vertebral canal contains spinal epidural space

(2)

Bleeding can open up potential meningeal spaces

(2)

Parts of the CNS can herniate from one intracranial compartment into another

(5)

5 Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid

(21)

The brain contains four ventricles

(3)

Choroid plexus is the source of most CSF

(5)

CSF is a secretion of the choroid plexus

104

(3)

Imaging techniques allow both CNS and CSF to be visualized

107

(7)

Disruption of CSF circulation can cause hydrocephalus

114

(3)

6 Blood Supply of the Brain

117

(27)

The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries supply the brain

117

(19)

A system of barriers partially separates the nervous system from the rest of the body

136

(1)

Superficial and deep veins drain the brain

137

(7)

7 Electrical Signaling by Neurons

144

(27)

A lipid/protein membrane separates intracellular and extracellular fluids

145

(6)

Inputs to neurons cause slow, local potential changes

151

(3)

Action potentials convey information over long distances

154

(17)

8 Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons

171

(20)

Most chemical synapses share certain structural and functional features

173

(10)

Most neurotransmitters are small amine molecules, amino acids, or neuropeptides

183

(5)

Gap junctions mediate direct current flow from one neuron to another

188

(3)

9 Sensory Receptors and Peripheral Nervous System

191

(24)

Receptors encode the nature, intensity, duration, and location of stimuli

192

(3)

Somatosensory receptors detect mechanical or chemical changes

195

(14)

Peripheral nerves convey information to and from the CNS

209

(6)

10 Spinal Cord

215

(39)

The spinal cord is segmented

216

(4)

All levels of the spinal cord have a similar cross-sectional structure

220

(2)

The spinal cord is involved in sensory processing, motor outflow, and reflexes

222

(1)

Spinal gray matter is regionally specialized

222

(4)

Reflex circuitry is built into the spinal cord

226

(4)

Ascending and descending pathways have defined locations in the spinal white matter

230

(11)

The autonomic nervous system monitors and controls visceral activity

241

(6)

A longitudinal network of arteries supplies the spinal cord

247

(1)

Spinal cord damage causes predictable deficits

247

(7)

11 Organization of the Brainstem

254

(29)

The brainstem has conduit, cranial nerve, and integrative functions

255

(1)

The medulla, pons, and midbrain have characteristic gross anatomical features

256

(3)

The internal structure of the brainstem reflects surface features and the position of long tracts

259

(9)

The reticular core of the brainstem is involved in multiple functions

268

(4)

Some brainstem nuclei have distinctive neurochemical signatures

272

(5)

The brainstem is supplied by the vertebral-basilar system

277

(6)

12 Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei

283

(27)

Cranial nerve nuclei have a generally predictable arrangement

284

(3)

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and XII contain somatic motor fibers

287

(7)

Branchiomeric nerves contain axons from multiple categories

294

(13)

Brainstem damage commonly causes deficits on one side of the head and the opposite side of the body

307

(3)

13 The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell

310

(15)

Taste is mediated by receptors in taste buds, innervated by cranial nerves VII, IX, and X

311

(5)

Olfaction is mediated by receptors that project directly to the telencephalon

316

(9)

14 Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial Nerve

325

(34)

Auditory and vestibular receptor cells are located in the walls of the membranous labyrinth

326

(3)

The cochlear division of the eighth nerve conveys information about sound

329

(16)

The vestibular division of the eighth nerve conveys information about linear and angular acceleration of the head

345

(14)

15 Atlas of the Human Brainstem

359

(38)

16 The Thalamus and Internal Capsule: Getting to and From the Cerebral Cortex

374

(1)

The diencephalon includes the epithalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and thalamus

375

(3)

The thalamus is the gateway to the cerebral cortex

378

(12)

Interconnections between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures travel through the internal capsule

390

(7)

17 The Visual System

397

(37)

The eye has three concentric tissue layers and a lens

398

(4)

The retina contains five major neuronal cell types

402

(7)

Retinal neurons translate patterns of light into patterns of contrast

409

(7)

Half of the visual field of each eye is mapped systematically in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere

416

(10)

Primary visual cortex sorts visual information and distributes it to other cortical areas

426

(2)

Early experience has permanent effects on the visual system

428

(2)

Reflex circuits adjust the size of the pupil and the focal length of the lens

430

(4)

18 Overview of Motor Systems

434

(16)

Each lower motor neuron innervates a group of muscle fibers, forming a motor unit

434

(2)

Motor control systems involve both hierarchical and parallel connections

436

(3)

The corticospinal tract has multiple origins and terminations

439

(11)

19 Basal Ganglia

450

(19)

The basal ganglia include five major nuclei

450

(4)

Basal ganglia circuitry involves multiple parallel loops that modulate cortical output

454

(7)

Penetrating branches from the circle of Willis supply the basal ganglia

461

(2)

Many basal ganglia disorders result in abnormalities of movement

463

(6)

20 Cerebellum

469

(25)

The cerebellum can be divided into transverse and longitudinal zones

470

(5)

All parts of the cerebellum share common organizational principles

475

(5)

Cerebellar cortex receives multiple inputs

480

(5)

Each longitudinal zone has a distinctive output

485

(1)

Patterns of connections indicate the functions of longitudinal zones

486

(4)

Clinical syndromes correspond to functional zones

490

(4)

21 Control of Eye Movements

494

(12)

Six extraocular muscles move the eye in the orbit

494

(2)

There are fast and slow conjugate eye movements

496

(7)

Changes in object distance require vergence movements

503

(1)

The basal ganglia and cerebellum participate in eye movement control

504

(2)

22 Cerebral Cortex

506

(31)

Most cerebral cortex is neocortex

507

(8)

Neocortical areas are specialized for different functions

515

(13)

The corpus callosum unites the two cerebral hemispheres

528

(1)

Consciousness and sleep are active processes

529

(8)

23 Drives, Emotions, and Memories: The Hypothalamus and Limbic System

537

(27)

The hypothalamus coordinates drive-related behaviors

539

(8)

Limbic structures are interposed between the hypothalamus and neocortex

547

(17)

24 Atlas of the Human Forebrain

564

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

9780815189114

0815189117

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy

9780815189114

0815189117

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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