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Human Behavior and the Larger Social Environment, Second Edition promotes critical thinking through extensive review and analysis of macro-level systems and structures, highlighting both the positive and negative impacts t... MORE

Preface	p. ix
Building on an Integrated Foundation	p. 1
Introduction to Perspectives and Theories	p. 2
Where We Begin	p. 2
Shifting Perspectives in Social Work	p. 3
Perspectives Used in This Text	p. 4
The Ecosystems Perspective	p. 5
The Functionalist Perspective	p. 6
The Conflict Perspective	p. 7
The Rational... MORE/Social Exchange Perspective	p. 7
The Social Constructionist Perspective	p. 8
The Diversity Perspective	p. 9
The Strengths Perspective	p. 10
How Theory Informs Practice	p. 10
Introduction to Social Institutions	p. 11
The Political Economy	p. 13
The Economic System	p. 14
Issues and Trends in the Economic System	p. 15
Corporate Capitalism	p. 15
Changing Patterns of Employment	p. 16
Consumerism	p. 17
Globalization	p. 18
The Economic Crisis	p. 18
Understanding the Economic System	p. 19
Functionalist Perspective	p. 19
Conflict Perspective	p. 19
Rational/Social Exchange Perspective	p. 19
Constructionist Perspective	p. 20
The Impact of the Economic System on Individuals and Families	p. 21
How the Economic System Deters Well-Being	p. 21
How the Economic System Promotes Well-Being	p. 21
The Political System	p. 21
Issues and Trends in the Political System	p. 22
Increasing Divisiveness	p. 22
Political Influence	p. 23
The Power of Incumbency	p. 23
Voter Turnout	p. 24
Officeholders	p. 25
Understanding the Political System	p. 27
Functionalist Perspective	p. 27
Conflict Perspective	p. 27
Rational/Social Exchange Perspective	p. 27
Constructionist Perspective	p. 27
The Impact of the Political System on Individuals and Families	p. 28
How the Political System Deters Well-Being	p. 28
Economics and Politics Together: The Political Economy	p. 28
The Power of Organizations	p. 29
Government Spending	p. 30
Inequities in Government Benefits	p. 30
Looking Ahead	p. 31
Government-Related Social Institutions	p. 32
Education	p. 33
Issues and Trends in Education	p. 34
Understanding the Education System	p. 37
Relationship of the Education System to the Political Economy	p. 39
The Impact of the Education System on Individuals: and Families	p. 40
Criminal Justice	p. 42
Issues and Trends in the Criminal Justice System	p. 43
Understanding the Criminal Justice System	p. 48
Relationship of the Criminal Justice System to the Political Economy	p. 49
The Impact of the Criminal Justice System on Individuals and Families	p. 50
The Military	p. 53
Issues and Trends in the Military	p. 54
Understanding the Military	p. 55
Relationship of the Military to the Political Economy	p. 56
The Impact of the Military on Individuals and Families	p. 56
Looking Ahead	p. 58
Non-Government-Related Social Institutions	p. 59
Health Care	p. 60
Issues and Trends in Health Care	p. 61
Understanding the Health Care System	p. 65
Relationship of the Health Care System to the Political Economy	p. 66
The Impact of the Health Care System on Individuals and Families	p. 67
Religion	p. 68
Issues and Trends in Religion	p. 71
Understanding Religion	p. 73
Relationship of Religion to the Political Economy	p. 74
The Impact of Religion on Individuals and Families	p. 75
Mass Media and Communications Technology	p. 77
Issues and Trends in Mass Media and Communications Technology	p. 78
Understanding the Mass Media and Communications Technology	p. 83
Relationship of Mass Media and Communications Technology to the Political Economy	p. 84
The Impact of Mass Media and Communications Technology on Individuals and Families	p. 85
Looking Ahead	p. 90
Introduction to Social Structure in American Society	p. 91
Social Stratification	p. 93
Social Class in America	p. 94
Distribution of Wealth and Income in the United States	p. 95
Poverty as a Special Concern for Social Workers	p. 97
Social Mobility	p. 98
Understanding Social Stratification	p. 100
Functionalist Perspective	p. 100
Conflict Perspective	p. 100
Constructionist Perspective	p. 100
The Impact of Social Stratification on Individuals and Families	p. 101
Addressing the Concerns of Daily Life	p. 101
Belongingness and Connections	p. 105
Values and Attitudes	p. 106
The Global Impact of Poverty	p. 106
Looking Ahead	p. 106
American Society and Cultural Diversity	p. 107
The United States as a Multicultural Society	p. 108
New Arrivals	p. 109
Ethnicity, Color, and Race	p. 111
Inequity and Privilege	p. 112
Exploring Mainstream and Minority Cultures	p. 113
Mainstream American Values	p. 113
African Americans	p. 16
Arab Americans	p. 118
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	p. 118
Latinos	p. 121
Native Americans	p. 123
White Ethnics and Jews	p. 125
Understanding Racial and Ethnic Inequality126
Functionalist Perspective	p. 127
Conflict Perspective	p. 127
Constructionist Perspective	p. 128
American Society and Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Inequity	p. 128
The Experience of Native Americans	p. 128
The Experience of African Americans	p. 129
The Experience of Asian Americans	p. 130
The Experience of White Ethnics and Jews	p. 132
The Experience of More Recent Arrivals	p. 133
Looking Ahead	p. 134
Other Social Status Groups	p. 135
Social Status	p. 136
Gender	p. 137
Understanding Social Stratification and Gender	p. 138
American Society and the Experience of Inequity Related to Gender	p. 138
Gender Around the World	p. 141
Sexual Orientation	p. 142
Sexual Orientation as Community and Culture	p. 143
Understanding Social Stratification and Sexual Orientation	p. 143
American Society and the Experience of Inequity Related to Sexual Orientation	p. 144
Gay Rights in a Global Perspective	p. 146
Disability	p. 146
Disability as Community and Culture	p. 148
Understanding Social Stratification and Disability	p. 149
American Society and the Experience of Inequity Related to Disability	p. 150
Disability in a Global: Context	p. 151
Looking Ahead	p. 151
Introduction to Social Settings	p. 153
Locational Communities	p. 155
Defining Community	p. 156
Types of Communities	p. 157
Issues and Trends in Communities	p. 157
Cities and Suburbs	p. 157
The Minority Urban Experience	p. 159
Suburban Sprawl and New: Urbanism	p. 160
Rural Communities	p. 161
Understanding Communities	p. 162
Ecosystems Perspective	p. 162
Functionalist Perspective	p. 163
Conflict Perspective	p. 163
Rational/Social Exchange Perspective	p. 164
Constructionist Perspective	p. 181
Preferred Perspective	p. 183
The Impact of Organizations on Individuals and Families	p. 184
How Organizations Deter Well-Being	p. 184
How Organizations Promote Well-Being	p. 188
Organizations as Providers of Social Services and as Employers of Social Workers	p. 189
Looking Ahead	p. 189
Residential Institutions	p. 190
Defining Institutions	p. 191
A Brief History of Institutions	p. 192
Issues and Trends in Institutions	p. 193
Privatization	p. 193
"Revolving Door" Care	p. 193
Offenders	p. 194
Older Adults	p. 194
People with Mental Illness	p. 195
People with Developmental Disabilities	p. 195
Children and Youth	p. 196
Understanding Institutions	p. 196
Ecosystems Perspective	p. 196
Functionalist Perspective	p. 197
Rational/Social Exchange Perspective	p. 197
Conflict Perspective	p. 198
Constructionist Perspective	p. 198
Preferred Perspectives	p. 198
The Impact of Institutions on Individuals and Families	p. 199
How Institutions Deter Well-Being	p. 199
How Institutions Promote Well-Being	p. 200
Institutions in Other Countries	p. 201
Social Work in Institutions	p. 201
Conclusion	p. 202
References	p. 203
Index	p. 225
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