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How Should We Live? An Introduction to Ethics

by: Pojman, Louis P.

How Should We Live? An Introduction to Ethics

by: Pojman, Louis P.

ISBN 13:
9780534556570
ISBN 10:
0534556574
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/03/2004
Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Summary

Explore central questions in moral philosophy with HOW SHOULD WE LIVE? With a focus on the question of why or how we should be moral in a time plagued by relativism, this philosophy text covers the three most seminal ethical theories: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue-based ethics. End of chapter discussion questions and bibliography assist you in contemplating the most central issues encountered in the text and in pursuing additional research.

Preface

A Word to the Student: Why Study Ethics?

xiv

Why Do We Need Morality?

(18)

A Reflection on Lord of the Flies

(3)

Why Do We Need Morality?

(2)

A Hobbesian Account

(2)

The Purposes of Morality

(3)

The Nature of Moral Principles

(3)

Prescriptivity

(1)

Universalizability

(1)

Overridingness

(1)

Publicity

(1)

Practicability

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

For Further Reflection

(3)

For Further Reading

(1)

Notes

(2)

Why Should I Be Moral? Is the Good Good For You?

(28)

The Egoist and the Altruist

(5)

The Religious Answer

(1)

The Socratic Answer

(1)

The Existentialist Answer

(1)

The Rationalist Split-Level Answer

(2)

The Ayn Rand Argument for the Virtue of Selfishness

(5)

The Paradox of Egoism

(1)

The Prisoner's Dilemma

(6)

The Quasi Moralist

(2)

Evolution and Altruism: The Parable of the Birds

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Notes

(3)

Who's to Judge? Ethical Relativism

(18)

The Diversity of Morals

(2)

An Analysis of Relativism

(3)

The Diversity Thesis

(1)

The Dependency Thesis

(2)

Subjective Ethical Relativism (Subjectivism)

(2)

Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism)

(5)

An Assessment of Ethical Relativism

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Notes

(1)

The Case for Ethical Objectivism

(24)

Twenty Moral Questions

(4)

Natural Law

(7)

Moderate Objectivism

(10)

The Core Morality

(9)

Conclusion

(1)

For Further Reflection

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Notes

(1)

Religion and Ethics

(18)

Thesis 1. Religion Is Irrelevant for Ethics

(3)

Thesis 2. Religion Is Necessary for Ethics: The Divine Command Theory

(5)

Thesis 3. Religion Can Enhance Morality

(5)

If God Exists, Then Good Will Win Out over Evil

(1)

If God Exists, Then Cosmic Justice Reigns in the Universe

(1)

If Theism Is True, Then Moral Reasons Always Override Nonmoral Reasons

100

(1)

If Theism Is True, Then God Loves and Cares for Us---His Love Inspires Us

100

(1)

If God Created Us in His Image, Then All Persons Are of Equal Worth

101

(1)

Religious Faith Has Inspired Some of the Most Altruistic Behavior the World Has Ever Seen

101

(2)

Conclusion

103

(1)

For Further Reflection

103

(1)

For Further Reading

104

(1)

Notes

105

(2)

Utilitarianism

107

(30)

Some Thought Experiments

107

(4)

What Is Utilitarianism?

111

(4)

Two Types of Utilitarianism

115

(5)

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism

120

(2)

Problems in Formulating Utilitarianism

120

(1)

The Problem of Knowing the Comparative Consequences of Actions

121

(1)

External Criticisms of Utilitarianism

122

(4)

Problem 1: The No-Rest Objection

123

(1)

Problem 2: The Absurd-Implications Objection

123

(1)

Problem 3: The Integrity Objection

124

(1)

Problem 4: The Justice Objection

125

(1)

Problem 5: The Publicity Objection

125

(1)

Utilitarian Responses to Standard Objections

126

(5)

A General Defense

126

(1)

Response to Problem 1: The No-Rest Objection

127

(1)

Response to Problem 2: The Absurd-Implications Objection

127

(1)

Response to Problem 3: The Integrity Objection

128

(1)

Response to Problem 4: The Justice Objection

128

(2)

Response to Problem 5: The Publicity Objection

130

(1)

Conclusion

131

(1)

For Further Reflection

132

(2)

For Further Reading

134

(1)

Notes

135

(2)

Deontological Ethics: Intuitionism and Kantian Ethics

137

(28)

Act-Deontological Theories

138

(1)

Rule-Deontological Theories

139

(3)

Kant's Rule-Deontological System

142

(15)

The Categorical Imperative

143

(6)

An Analysis of the First Formulation of Kant's Categorical Imperative

149

(5)

Kant's Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative: Respect for Persons

154

(2)

Kant's Third Formulation of the Categorical Imperative: The Principle of Autonomy

156

(1)

An Assessment of Kant's System

157

(1)

A Reconciliation Project

157

(2)

For Further Reflection

159

(2)

For Further Reading

161

(1)

Notes

162

(3)

Virtue-Based Ethical Theory

165

(28)

Aretaic Ethics

166

(3)

The Aretaic Critique of Action-Based Ethics

169

(3)

Action-Based Ethics Lack a Motivational Component

169

(1)

Action-Based Ethics Often Ignore the Spiritual Dimension of Ethics

170

(2)

Aristotle's Virtue Ethics

172

(2)

What Is the Relationship between Virtue and Principles?

174

(10)

Pure Aretaic Ethics

175

(2)

The Standard Deontic View: The Correspondence Thesis

177

(4)

Complementarity (Pluralistic) Ethics

181

(3)

Feminism and the Ethics of Care

184

(2)

Care and Particularism

186

(1)

Conclusion

187

(1)

For Further Reflection

188

(1)

For Further Reading

189

(1)

Notes

190

(3)

Human Rights

193

(16)

Seba's Story

193

(2)

The Moral Basis of Human Rights

195

(2)

What Are Rights?

197

(1)

Universal Basic Rights

198

(2)

Kant's Thesis: Institutions Are Vehicles for Moral Progress

200

(2)

The Limits of Rights

202

(3)

Conclusion

205

(1)

For Further Reflection

205

(1)

For Further Reading

206

(1)

Notes

207

(2)

Conclusion: How Should We Live?

209

(4)

Glossary

213

(7)

Index

220

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

How Should We Live? An Introduction to Ethics

How Should We Live? An Introduction to Ethics

9780534556570

0534556574

Summary

Table of Contents

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