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How Languages Are Learned

by: Patsy M. Lightbown; Nina Spada

How Languages Are Learned

by: Patsy M. Lightbown; Nina Spada

ISBN 13:
9780194422246
ISBN 10:
0194422240
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2006
Publisher: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Summary

This thoroughly updated third edition presents the main theories of language acquisition, considering their bearing on language teaching. It discusses the effects of factors such as intelligence, personality, and age. It helps teachers assess the merits of different methods and textbooks. This new edition includes more information on theories of first language acquisition and early bilingualism, and the affects of motivation and style.

Acknowledgements

Preface to the third edition

xiii

Introduction

Language learning in early childhood

(28)

The first three years: Milestones and developmental sequences

(6)

Grammatical morphemes

(1)

Negation

(1)

Questions

(2)

The pre-school years

(1)

The school years

(2)

Explaining first language acquisition

(14)

The behaviourist perspective: Say what I say

(5)

The innatist perspective: It's all in your mind

(4)

Interactionist/developmental perspectives: Learning from inside and out

(5)

Language disorders and delays

(1)

Childhood bilingualism

(2)

Summary

(2)

Explaining second language learning

(24)

Contexts for language learning

(5)

Learner characteristics

(2)

Learning conditions

(2)

Behaviourism

(1)

Second language applications: Mimicry and memorization

(1)

The innatist perspective: Universal Grammar

(3)

Second language applications: Krashen's `monitor model'

(4)

Current psychological theories: The cognitive/developmental perspective

(9)

Information processing

(2)

Connectionism

(1)

The competition model

(1)

Second language applications: Interacting, noticing, and processing

(4)

The sociocultural perspective

(2)

Second language applications: Learning by talking

(2)

Theory into practice

(4)

Individual differences in second language learning

(24)

Who is a `good language learner'?

(1)

Research on learner characteristics

(20)

Intelligence

(1)

Aptitude

(2)

Learning styles

(1)

Personality

(3)

Motivation and attitudes

(2)

Identity and ethnic group affiliation

(1)

Learner beliefs

(1)

Age of acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis

(7)

Summary

(3)

Learner language

(32)

Studying the language of second language learners

(5)

Contrastive analysis, error analysis, and interlanguage

(4)

Developmental sequences

(11)

Grammatical morphemes

(2)

Negation

(1)

Questions

(2)

Possessive determiners

(2)

Relative clauses

(1)

Reference to past

(1)

Movement through developmental sequences

(1)

More about first language influence

(3)

Vocabulary

(4)

Pragmatics

100

(4)

Phonology

104

(5)

Observing learning and teaching in the second language classroom

109

(28)

Natural and instructional settings

109

(5)

Observation schemes

114

(18)

Classroom comparisons: teacher--student interactions

115

(6)

Classroom comparisons: student--student interactions

121

(4)

Corrective feedback in the classroom

125

(5)

Questions in the classroom

130

(2)

Ethnography

132

(3)

Summary

135

(2)

Second language learning in the classroom

137

(46)

Six proposals for classroom teaching

137

(39)

Get it right from the beginning

138

(5)

Just listen . . . and read

143

(7)

Let's talk

150

(5)

Two for one

155

(5)

Teach what is teachable

160

(5)

Get it right in the end

165

(11)

The implications of classroom research for teaching

176

(3)

Summary

179

(4)

Popular ideas about language learning revisited

183

(12)

Glossary

195

(12)

Bibliography

207

(22)

Index

229

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

How Languages Are Learned

How Languages Are Learned

9780194422246

0194422240

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

How Languages Are Learned

How Languages Are Learned

9780194422246

0194422240

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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