Rent 9780205314553 | History and Theory of Rhetoric, The: An Introduction

Summary Table of Contents

The History and Theory of Rhetoric offers an accessible discussion of the history of rhetorical studies in the Western tradition, from ancient Greece to contemporary American and European theorists. By tracing the historical progression of rhetoric from the Greek Sophists of the fifth century B.C. to contemporary studies such as the rhetoric of science and feminist rhetoric this texts helps students better understand what rhetoric is and what unites differing rhetorical theories throughout history. Concise and student-friendly, The History and Theory of Rhetoric uses contemporary examples throughout and emphasizes the relevance of rhetoric to today's students.

Preface

xiii

An Overview of Rhetoric

(30)

Rhetoric and Persuasion

(2)

... MORE

Defining Rhetoric

(2)

Rhetorical Discourse

(8)

Rhetoric Is Planned

(1)

Rhetoric Is Adapted to an Audience

(2)

Rhetoric Reveals Human Motives

(1)

Rhetoric Is Responsive

(1)

Rhetoric Seeks Persuasion

(3)

Social Functions of the Art of Rhetoric

(8)

Rhetoric Tests Ideas

(1)

Rhetoric Assists Advocacy

(1)

Rhetoric Distributes Power

(2)

Rhetoric Discovers Facts

(1)

Rhetoric Shapes Knowledge

(1)

Rhetoric Builds Community

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Questions for Review

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(2)

Terms

(3)

The Origins and Early History of Rhetoric

(22)

The Rise of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece

(2)

The Sophists

(5)

What the Sophists Taught

(2)

Why the Sophists Were Controversial

(3)

Three Influential Sophists

(6)

Gorgias

(3)

Protagoras

(1)

Isocrates

(2)

Aspasia's Role in Athenian Rhetoric

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

Terms

(4)

Plato versus the Sophists: Rhetoric on Trial

(19)

Plato's Gorgias: Rhetoric on Trial

(9)

The Debate with Gorgias: Rhetoric's Nature and Uses

(2)

Socrates versus Polus: Rhetoric as Power

(4)

Socrates versus Callicles: Bad Actor, Bad Act

(1)

The Outcome of the Gorgias

(1)

Is Plato Fair to Rhetoric and the Sophists?

(1)

Rhetoric in Plato's Phaedrus: A True Art?

(5)

Components of a Techne of Rhetoric

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

Terms

(3)

Aristotle on Rhetoric

(20)

Aristotle's Definitions of Rhetoric

(5)

Rhetoric and Dialectic

(1)

Rhetoric as Techne

(3)

Three Rhetorical Settings

(3)

Deliberative Oratory

(1)

Epideictic Oratory

(1)

Forensic Oratory

(1)

The Artistic Proofs

(3)

Logos: The Logic of Sound Arguments

(1)

Pathos: The Psychology of Emotion

(1)

Ethos: The Sociology of Good Character

(1)

The Topoi, or Lines of Argument

(2)

Special Topics

(1)

Common Topics

(1)

Some Common Fallacies

(1)

Aristotle on Style

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Questions for Discussion

(1)

Terms

(3)

Rhetoric at Rome

(29)

Roman Society and the Place of Rhetoric

(2)

Rhetoric and Political Power

(1)

Rhetoric and Roman Education

(1)

The Rhetorical Theory of Cicero

(11)

De Inventione

(1)

The Canons of Rhetoric

(1)

Stasis and Topical Systems

(2)

Hermagoras and the Development of Topoi

100

(1)

De Oratore

101

(4)

The End of Cicero's Life

105

(1)

Quintilian

106

(3)

Rhetoric and the Good Citizen

107

(1)

Educating the Citizen-Orator

107

(2)

Longinus: On the Sublime

109

(3)

The Emotive Power of Language

110

(2)

Rhetoric in the Later Roman Empire

112

(2)

The Second Sophistic

112

(2)

Conclusion

114

(1)

Questions for Review

114

(1)

Questions for Discussion

115

(1)

Terms

115

(6)

Rhetoric in Christian Europe

121

(24)

Rhetoric, Tension, and Fragmentation

121

(2)

Rhetoric and the Medieval Curriculum

123

(1)

Rhetoric in the Early Middle Ages: Augustine, Capella, and Boethius

124

(1)

St. Augustine

124

(5)

Augustine's Rhetorical Theory

125

(2)

De Doctrina Christiana

127

(1)

Augustine on Signs

128

(1)

Augustine's Contribution to Rhetoric

128

(1)

Martianus Capella

129

(1)

Boethius

130

(1)

Differentiis Topicis

130

(1)

Three Rhetorical Arts in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

131

(1)

The Art of Preaching

131

(2)

Themes, Sermons, and Moral Persuasion

132

(1)

Ornaments

133

(1)

The Art of Letter Writing

133

(4)

The Parts of a Letter

135

(2)

The Art of Poetry

137

(3)

Geoffrey of Vinsauf

137

(2)

Marie de France

139

(1)

Conclusion

140

(1)

Questions for Review

140

(1)

Questions for Discussion

141

(1)

Terms

141

(4)

Rhetoric in the Renaissance

145

(25)

Features of Renaissance Rhetoric

146

(3)

Classical and Medieval Sources

146

(1)

Rhetoric and Renaissance Education

147

(2)

Lorenzo Valla: Retrieving the Rhetorical Tradition

149

(1)

Women and Renaissance Rhetoric

150

(2)

Italian Humanism: A Catalyst for Rhetoric's Expansion

152

(1)

Rhetoric as Personal and Political Influence

153

(1)

Rhetoric and the Emotions

154

(1)

Humanism, Rhetoric, and the Study of Classical Texts

154

(2)

Petrarch and the Origins of Italian Humanism

156

(2)

The Greatness That Was Rome

157

(1)

Pico della Mirandola and the Magic of Language

158

(2)

Bringing Order through Language

159

(1)

Juan Luis Vives

160

(1)

Rhetoric and the Vita Activa

160

(1)

The Turn toward Dialectic: Rhetoric and Its Critics

161

(3)

Agricola

161

(1)

Peter Ramus

162

(2)

Renaissance Rhetorics in Britain

164

(1)

Conclusion

164

(1)

Questions for Review

165

(1)

Questions for Discussion

165

(1)

Terms

166

(4)

Enlightenment Rhetorics

170

(25)

Vico on Rhetoric and Human Thought

171

(4)

The Rhetoric of the Imagination

172

(1)

Rhetoric and the Evolution of Human Thought

173

(2)

British Rhetorics in the Eighteenth Century

175

(1)

Rhetoric in British Education

175

(1)

The Elocutionary Movement

176

(2)

Thomas Sheridan

177

(1)

The Belletristic Movement

178

(4)

Lord Kames

179

(1)

Hugh Blair

180

(2)

George Campbell and Scientific Rhetoric

182

(4)

A Scientific Rhetoric

182

(1)

Rhetoric and Psychology

183

(1)

Two Types of Reasoning: Scientific and Moral

184

(1)

A Theory of Persuasion

184

(1)

Education in Eloquence

185

(1)

Richard Whately's Classical Rhetoric

186

(3)

An Ecclesiastic Rhetoric

186

(1)

Whately on Argument

187

(1)

Presumption and Burden of Proof

188

(1)

Conclusion

189

(1)

Questions for Review

190

(1)

Questions for Discussion

190

(1)

Terms

191

(4)

Contemporary Rhetoric I: Argument, Audience, and Science

195

(29)

Argumentation and Rational Discourse

196

(1)

Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca: A New Rhetoric

196

(6)

The Centrality of Audience

197

(2)

The Universal Audience

199

(1)

The Audience of One

200

(1)

The Self as Audience

200

(1)

Presence

201

(1)

Stephen Toulmin and the Uses of Argument

202

(3)

Argument Fields

202

(1)

Field-Dependent and Field-Invariant Standards

203

(1)

Modal Qualifiers

203

(1)

Toulmin's Famous Model

204

(1)

Jurgen Habermas and the Conditions of Rational Discourse

205

(3)

Communicative Action and the Rational Society

205

(1)

The Universality of the Rhetorical

206

(1)

Universal Pragmatics and the Communicative Competence

207

(1)

Critical Theory and the Critique of Ideology

207

(1)

Argumentation and Scientific Inquiry

208

(3)

Advocacy in the Sciences

210

(1)

Deirdre McCloskey and the Rhetoric of Economics

211

(1)

Clifford Geertz and Rhetoric in Anthropology

212

(1)

Michael Billig and the Rhetoric of Social Psychology

213

(1)

Plays and Games without Arguments?

214

(1)

John Campbell on the Rhetoric of Charles Darwin

214

(3)

Natural Selection and the Religious Audience

215

(2)

Conclusion

217

(1)

Questions for Review

218

(1)

Questions for Discussion

218

(1)

Terms

219

(5)

Contemporary Rhetoric II: The Rhetoric of Situation, Drama, and Narration

224

(23)

Rhetoric in Its Social Context: The Dramatic and Situational Views

225

(1)

Kenneth Burke and Rhetoric as Symbolic Action

225

(7)

Rhetoric as ``Symbolic Inducement''

225

(1)

Terministic Screens and Being Human

226

(1)

Burke's Pentad

227

(3)

Form

230

(2)

Lloyd Bitzer and Rhetoric as Situational

232

(2)

The Exigence

232

(1)

The Audience

232

(1)

Constraints

233

(1)

The Fitting Response

233

(1)

Rhetoric as Narration

234

(1)

Mikhail Bakhtin and the Polyphonic Novel

234

(2)

Discourse as Ideological and Social

235

(1)

Polyphonic Discourse: Hearing Many Voices

235

(1)

Wayne Booth and the Rhetoric of Fiction

236

(1)

Ernest Bormann and the Rhetoric of Fantasy

237

(2)

Symbolic Convergence

238

(1)

Walter Fisher and Rhetoric as Narration

239

(2)

The Narrative Paradigm

240

(1)

Practical Wisdom

241

(1)

Conclusion

241

(1)

Questions for Review

242

(1)

Questions for Discussion

242

(1)

Terms

243

(4)

Contemporary Rhetoric III: Discourse, Power, and Social Criticism

247

(49)

Michel Foucault: Discourse, Knowledge, and Power

248

(6)

Power and Discourse

248

(2)

Escape

250

(1)

Archaeology of Knowledge: In Search of the Episteme

250

(2)

Excluded Discourse

252

(1)

Power and Institutions

253

(1)

Jacques Derrida: Texts, Meanings, and Deconstruction

254

(4)

Authors Out of Control

255

(1)

Deconstructing Texts

255

(3)

Richard Weaver: Rhetoric and the Preservation of Culture

258

(2)

Critique of Modernism

258

(1)

Critique of Scientism

259

(1)

Weaver on Education

259

(1)

A True Rhetoric

260

(1)

Feminism and Rhetoric: Critique and Reform in Rhetoric

260

(5)

The Need for a Woman's Voice

261

(1)

Reconceptualizing Rhetoric: Voice, Gender, Invitation

262

(1)

Constructing Gender Rhetorically

263

(1)

From Conquest to Invitation

263

(2)

George Kennedy and Comparative Rhetoric

265

(3)

Conclusion

268

(1)

Questions for Review

268

(1)

Questions for Discussion

269

(1)

Terms

269

(27)

Index

296

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History and Theory of Rhetoric, The: An Introduction

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