Biomolecules and Biochemical Methods.

Water and pH.

Section I: Structures & Functions of Proteins & Enzymes.

Animo Acids.

Peptides.

Proteins: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin.

Enzymes: General Properties.

Enzymes: Kinetics.

Enzymes: Mechanisms of Action.

Enzymes: Regulation of Activities.

Section II: Bioenergetics & The Metabolism of Carbohydrates & Lipids.

Bioenergetics: The Role of ATP.

Biologic Oxidation.

The Respiratory Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Carbohydrates of Physiologic Significance.

Lipids of Physiologic Significance.

Overview of Intermediary Metabolism.

The Citric Acid Cycle: The Catabolism of Acetyl-CoA.

Glycolysis and the Oxidation of Pyruvate.

Metabolism of Glycogen.

Gluconeogenesis and Control of the Blood Glucose.

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Other Pathways of Hexose Metabolism.

Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids.

Oxidation of Fatty Acids: Ketogenesis.

Metabolism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids.

Metabolism of Acylglycerols and Sphingolipids.

Lipid Transport and Storage.

Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport, and Excretion.

Integration of Metabolism and the Provision of Tissue Fuels.

Section III: Metabolism of Proteins & Amino Acids.

Biosynthesis of the Nutritionally Nonessential Amino Acids.

Catabolism of Proteins and of Amino Acid Nitrogen.

Catabolism of the Carbon Skeletons of Amino Acids.

Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products.

Porphyrins and Bile Pigments.

Section IV: Structure, Function, & Replication of Informational Macromolecules.

Nucleotides.

Metabolism of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides.

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function.

DNA Organization, Replication, and Repair.

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Modification.

Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code.

Regulation of Gene Expression.

Recombinant DNA Technology.

Section V: Biochemsitry of Extracellular & Intracellular Communication.

Membranes: Structure, Assembly, and Function.

Hormone Action.

Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones.

Thyroid Hormones.

Hormones That Regulate Calcium Metabolism.

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex.

Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla.

Hormones of the Gonads.

Hormones of the Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract.

Section VI: Special Topics.

Structure and Function of the Water-Soluble Vitamins.

Structure and Function of the Lipid-Solid Vitamins.

Nutrition.

Digestion and Absorption.

Glycoproteins.

The Extracellular Matrix.

Muscle and the Cytoskeleton.

Plasma Proteins, Immunogobulins, and Blood Coagulation.

Red and White Blood Cells.

Metabolism of Xenobiotics.

Cancer, Cancer Genes, and Growth Factors.

Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Disease.

The Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Disease.

The Biochemical Basis of Some Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Biochemical Case Histories.