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Handbook of Nursing Informatics for Nurses and Health Care Professionals

ISBN: 9780805373264 | 0805373268
Edition: 1st
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
Pub. Date: 12/1/1997

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SummaryTable of Contents
This volume provides computer literacy basics as well as an introduction to the software applications most vital in today's nursing and health care fields. This remarkably comprehensive reference for nursing and health care professionals at all levels is an accessible guide to the cutting-edge technology that makes readers effective members of the health care team.
SECTION ONE General Computer Information1(70)
CHAPTER 1 Informatics in the Health Care Professions
2(10)
Applications of Nursing Informatics
... MORE(2)
Nursing Practice
3(1)
Nursing Administration
4(1)
Nursing Education
4(1)
Nursing Research
5(1)
The Current Status of Health Care Delivery
5(1)
Benefits of Nursing Informatics for Other Health Care Professionals
6(2)
The Role of the Nurse in Information Handling
8(1)
The Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist
9(1)
Case Study Exercise
10(1)
Summary
10(1)
References
11(1)
CHAPTER 2 Hardware, Software, and the Roles of Support Personnel
12(18)
Hardware
13(2)
Input Devices
13(1)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
14(1)
Secondary Storage
14(1)
Output Devices
15(1)
Computer Categories
15(1)
Peripheral Hardware Items
15(1)
Table 2-1 Types of Computers
16(3)
Scanners
19(1)
Networks
19(1)
How Computers Work
20(1)
Box 2-1 Binary Representation of an Arabic Number
21(1)
Selection Criteria
22(1)
User Needs
22(1)
Physical Constraints
23(1)
Box 2-2 Measures to Reduce Computer-Related Discomfort
23(1)
Software
24(1)
Operating Systems
24(1)
Application Software
25(1)
Box 2-3 Common Types of PC Software Applications
25(1)
Utility Programs
26(1)
Roles of Support Personnel
26(2)
Superuser
26(1)
Microcomputer Specialist
26(1)
Analyst
26(1)
Programmer
27(1)
Network Administrator
27(1)
Director, Information Services
27(1)
Case Study Exercises
28(1)
Summary
28(1)
References
29(1)
CHAPTER 3 Ensuring the Quality of Information
30(15)
Table 3-1 Example of Coded Data: Employment Status Codes
31(1)
Table 3-2 Examples of Data and Information
32(1)
Data Integrity
33(2)
Ensuring Correct Data Collection and Entry
33(2)
Data Management
35(1)
Data Storage
35(1)
Table 3-3 Storage Media
36(4)
Outsourcing Data Management and Storage
38(1)
Data Retrieval
38(1)
Data Exchange
39(1)
Characteristics of Quality Information
40(1)
Box 3-1 Threats to Information Quality, Availability, and Confidentiality
41(1)
Case Study Exercises
42(1)
Summary
43(1)
References
43(2)
CHAPTER 4 Electronic Communication and the Internet
45(26)
The Internet
47(2)
E-mail
48(1)
Box 4-1 E-Mail: Advantages and Disadvantages
49(1)
File Transfer
49(1)
Box 4-2 Informal Rules for E-Mail Use
50(1)
Gopher
50(1)
The World Wide Web
50(1)
Box 4-3 The World Wide Web: Advantages and Disadvantages
51(2)
Box 4-4 Hardware and Software Requirements for Multimedia Web Access
53(1)
Box 4-5 Steps in Establishing a Home Page
54(3)
Browsers
55(1)
Search Tools
55(1)
Listervs
56(1)
News Groups
56(1)
Bulletin Board Systems
57(1)
The Impact of the Internet on Health Care
57(6)
Access to Health Care Information
58(1)
On-Line Publication and Journals
59(2)
Marketing Services
61(2)
Concerns Related to the Use of the Internet
63(2)
Firewalls
63(1)
Web Security
63(1)
Organizational Policy
64(1)
Overload
65(1)
Viral Contamination
65(1)
The Development of Intranets
65(1)
Purpose
66(1)
Box 4-6 Advantages of Intranets
66(1)
Problems
67(1)
Extranets
67(1)
Case Study Exercises
67(1)
Summary
68(1)
References
68(3)
SECTION TWO Health Care Information Systems71(158)
CHAPTER 5 Health Care Information Systems
72(14)
Clinical Information Systems
73(3)
Nursing Information Systems
74(2)
Box 5-1 Advantages of a Nursing Information System
76(1)
Box 5-2 Automation of Traditional Nursing Documentation Methods
77(2)
Monitoring Systems
78(1)
Order Entry Systems
78(1)
Box 5-3 Features of Monitoring Systems
79(3)
Laboratory Systems
79(1)
Radiology Systems
80(1)
Pharmacy Systems
81(1)
Other Clinical Systems
82(1)
Box 5-4 Other Common Clinical Systems
82(1)
Administrative Systems
83(1)
Registration Systems
83(1)
Box 5-5 Administrative Information Systems Used in the Hospital Setting
83(1)
Case Study Exercises
84(1)
Summary
84(1)
References
84(2)
CHAPTER 6 Strategic Planning
86(13)
The Mission
87(1)
Box 6-1 Mission Statement of St. Francis Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
88(1)
Goals and Objectives
88(1)
Developing Strategies
89(1)
Table 6-1 Areas of Potential Strategic Planning
89(1)
Participants in Strategic Planning
90(1)
Strategic Planning for Information Systems
90(1)
Goals of Information Systems Planning
90(1)
Steps of the Strategic Planning Process
91(3)
Identification of Goals and Scope
92(1)
Scanning the External and Internal Environments
92(1)
Data Analysis
93(1)
Identification of Potential Solutions
93(1)
Selecting a Course of Action
94(1)
Box 6-2 Information Technology Considerations for Strategic Planning
94(3)
Implementation
96(1)
Ongoing Evaluation and Feedback
96(1)
Case Study Exercises
97(1)
Summary
97(1)
References
97(2)
CHAPTER 7 Selecting a Health Care Information System
99(16)
Needs Assessment
101(2)
The Steering Committee
102(1)
Consultants
103(1)
Developing a Common Vision
103(1)
Box 7-1 Qualities of an Effective Consultant
103(2)
Understanding the Current System
104(1)
Determining System Requirements
104(1)
Table 7-1 Sample of Criteria Defining "Musts" and "Wants"
105(3)
System Selection
108(5)
Additional Sources of Information
109(1)
Request for Information
109(1)
Request for Proposal
110(1)
Evaluation of RFP Responses
111(1)
Contract Negotiations
112(1)
Box 7-2 Questions to Ask During a Site Visit
113(1)
Case Study Exercises
113(1)
Summary
113(1)
References
114(1)
CHAPTER 8 System Implementation and Maintenance
115(11)
System Implementation
116(1)
Develop and Implementation Committee
116(1)
Install the System
116(1)
Box 8-1 Characteristics of a Successful Implementation Committee
117(5)
Analyze Hardware Requirements
118(1)
Development Procedures and Documentation
119(1)
Provide Training
120(1)
Go-Live Planning
120(1)
Common Implementation Pitfalls
121(1)
Maintenance
122(2)
User Feedback and Support
122(1)
System Maintenance
122(1)
Technical Maintenance
123(1)
The Information Systems Life Cycle
123(1)
Case Study Exercises
124(1)
Summary
125(1)
References
125(1)
CHAPTER 9 Information Systems (IS) Training
126(17)
Identification of Training Needs
128(1)
User Needs
128(1)
Box 9-1 Who Might Need Training?
129(3)
Training Class Content
129(2)
Class Schedules
131(1)
Table 9-1 Sample Screen Options for Reviewing Lab Results
132(2)
Hardware and Software Requirements
132(1)
Training Costs
132(1)
A Training Center
133(1)
Training Approaches
133(1)
Box 9-2 Selecting a Training Site: Factors to Consider
134(1)
Box 9-3 Selecting a Training Method: Factors to Consider
135(1)
Proficiency Testing
135(1)
Table 9-2 Training Approaches: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Tips
136(2)
Box 9-4 Selecting a Trainer: Factors to Consider
138(1)
Additional Training Considerations
139(1)
Training Students
139(1)
Case Study Exercises
140(1)
Summary
141(1)
References
141(2)
CHAPTER 10 Information Security and Confidentiality
143(21)
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security
144(1)
Information System Security
145(3)
Security Risks
145(3)
Table 10-1 Characteristics of Malicious Programs
148(1)
Box 10-1 Tips for How to Avoid Malicious Programs
148(1)
Security Mechanisms
149(1)
Physical Security
149(1)
Passwords and Other Means of Authentication
149(1)
Box 10-2 Recommendations for Password Selection and Use
150(1)
Firewalls
151(1)
Application Security
151(1)
Anti-Virus Software
151(1)
Administrative and Personnel Issues
151(5)
Levels of Access
153(1)
User Authentication
153(1)
Personnel Issues
153(1)
System Security Management
154(2)
Audit Trails
156(1)
Handling and Disposal of Confidential Information
156(3)
Computer Printouts
157(1)
Faxes
157(2)
E-mail and the Internet
159(1)
Electronic Storage
159(1)
Case Study Exercises
159(1)
Summary
160(1)
References
161(3)
CHAPTER 11 Network Integration
164(11)
Interface Engines
166(1)
Box 11-1 The Benefits of Integration
166(1)
Box 11-2 Interface Engine Benefits
167(1)
Integration Issues
168(1)
The Need for Integration Standards
168(1)
Data Dictionary
168(1)
Box 11-3 Factors That Slow Integration
169(2)
Master Patient Index
169(1)
Uniform Language
170(1)
Data Exchange Standards
170(1)
Benefits of Integration
171(1)
Integration Implications for Nursing
172(1)
Case Study Exercises
172(1)
Summary
173(1)
References
174(1)
CHAPTER 12 The Computer-Based Patient Record
175(13)
Definitions
176(1)
Characteristics of the CPR
177(4)
Benefits of the CPR
181(1)
Current Status of the CPR
182(1)
Box 12-1 Qualities of a Successful CPR
183(1)
Impediments to CPR Development
183(1)
Concerns Associated with the CPR
184(1)
Data Integrity
184(1)
Ownership of the Patient Record
185(1)
Privacy and Confidentiality
185(1)
Electronic Signature
185(1)
Smart Cards
185(1)
Case Study Exercises
186(1)
Summary
186(1)
References
187(1)
CHAPTER 13 Regulatory and Accreditation Issues
188(12)
Regulatory Issues
189(1)
Table 13-1 Recent Attempts at Legislation to Protect Medical Records Privacy
190(1)
Box 13-1 ACLU Principles for Formulating a Health Information Privacy Policy
191(1)
Accreditation and Reimbursement Issues
192(2)
JCAHO
192(1)
CARF
193(1)
Medicare, Medicaid, HMOs, and Third-Party Payers
194(1)
Special Facility Issues
194(1)
Geriatric and Long-Term Facilities
194(1)
Psychiatric Facilities
195(1)
Box 13-2 Minimum Data Set for Nursing Home Resident Assessment and Care
195(2)
Case Study Exercises
197(1)
Summary
198(1)
References
198(2)
CHAPTER 14 Community Health Information Networks (CHINs)
200(9)
Components of a CHIN
201(2)
Box 14-1 Information Available in a CHIN Data Repository
203(1)
Box 14-2 Services Provided by CHINs
203(1)
Development of a CHIN
203(2)
Connectivity
203(1)
Data Elements
204(1)
Centralized Data Repository
205(1)
CHIN Developers
205(1)
Benefits Associated with CHINs
205(1)
Access to Client Information
205(1)
Cost Reduction
206(1)
Limiting Factors
206(1)
Client Confidentiality Issues
206(1)
Ownership of the CHIN
206(1)
Initial Development-Costs
206(1)
Current Status of CHINS
207(1)
Case Study Exercises
207(1)
Summary
207(1)
References
208(1)
CHAPTER 15 Disaster Planning and Recovery
209(20)
What is Disaster Planning?
210(1)
Advantages of Disaster Planning
211(1)
Environmental Disaster Versus System Failure
211(1)
Table 15-1 Threats to Normal System Operation
212(1)
Box 15-1 Suggested Areas for Yearly Review to Avert System Disasters
213(1)
Steps of the Disaster Planning Process
213(4)
Identification of Essential Information
213(1)
IS Policy and Procedure Development
214(2)
Backup and Storage
216(1)
Manual versus Automated Alternatives
217(1)
Box 15-2 Recommended PC Maintenance
217(2)
Recovery
219(1)
Box 15-3 Ways to Increase Disaster Awareness and Successful Recovery
219(2)
Salvaging Damaged Records
220(1)
Box 15-4 General Salvage Rules
221(1)
Recovery Costs
221(1)
Box 15-5 Recommended Storage Media Recovery Techniques
222(1)
Restarting the System
222(1)
Table 15-2 Recommended Insurance Coverage
223(1)
Using Post-Disaster Feedback to Improve Planning
224(1)
Case Study Exercises
224(1)
Summary
225(1)
References
226(3)
SECTION THREE Speciality Applications229
CHAPTER 16 Using the Computer to Support Health Care Education
230(17)
Box 16-1 Applications of Computers in Health Care Education
232(1)
Potential Audiences for Educational Computer Uses
233(1)
Formal Nursing Education
233(1)
Box 16-2 Evaluation Criteria for Instructional Software
234(1)
Box 16-3 Features to Look for in Computerized NCLEX-RN Preparation Programs
235(2)
Continuing Education
236(1)
Client Education
236(1)
Instructional Applications of Computer Technology
237(1)
Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
237(1)
Teleconferencing
238(1)
Distance Learning
239(1)
Multimedia
239(1)
Box 16-4 Key Points for Students Involved in Distance Learning
240(1)
Computer Labs
241(1)
Box 16-5 Strategies to Maximize the Benefits of Multimedia Instruction
241(1)
Box 16-6 Evaluation Criteria for a Computer Lab
242(1)
Case Study Exercises
243(1)
Summary
243(1)
References
244(3)
CHAPTER 17 Telemedicine
247
Terms Related to Telemedicine
248(1)
Telehealth
248(1)
Box 17-1 Some Common Telemedicine Terms
249(1)
Teleconferencing
249(1)
Videoconferencing
249(1)
Desktop Videoconferencing (DTV)
250(1)
Historical Background
250(1)
Driving Forces
251(1)
Applications
251(1)
Box 17-2 Telemedicine Benefits
252(1)
Decision Support and Expert Systems
252(1)
Box 17-3 Current and Proposed Telehealth Applications
253(3)
On-Line Databases and Tools
254(1)
Education
255(1)
Continuing Education
255(1)
Home Health Care
255(1)
Legal and Privacy Issues
256(2)
Referral and Payment
256(1)
Support Personnel
257(1)
Liability
257(1)
Licensure Issues
258(1)
Box 17-4 Barriers to Telemedicine Use
258(1)
Confidentiality/Privacy
259(1)
Establishing A Telemedicine Link
259(1)
Formulating a Plan
259(1)
Building the Supporting Framework
260(1)
Box 17-2 Strategies to Ensure Successful Teleconferences
260(2)
Human Factors
261(1)
Equipment
262(1)
Telemedicine Costs
262(1)
Technology Issues
262(1)
Box 17-6 Basic DTV Components for Telemedicine Applications
262(1)
Telenursing
263(1)
Future Development
264(1)
Case Study Exercises
265(1)
Summary
266(1)
References
267

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