Tej K. Bhatia is Professor of Linguistics and Director of South Asian Languages at Syracuse University, USA. He is a recipient of the Chancellor's Citation Award for excellence in research. Publications include The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (co-edited with William C. Ritchie, 2009), Advertising and Marketing in Rural India (2^nd Edition, 2007), Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners (2^nd Edition, 2007(, and Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners (2000).

William C. Ritchie is Associate Professor of Linguistics at Syracuse University, USA. His publications include an edited volume entitled Second Language Acquisition Research: Issues and Implications (1978). He has co-edited four handbooks with Tej K. Bhatia, including Handbook of Child Language Acquisition (1999).

Acknowledgments xi

Contributors xii

Introduction xxi
Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie

Part I Overview and Foundations 1

Introduction 3
Tej K. Bhatia

1 Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Some Central Concepts 5
John Edwards

2 Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research 26
Li Wei

Part II Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 53

Introduction 55
William C. Ritchie

The Neurology of Bilingualism and Multilingualism 59

3 Bilingual Aphasia: Theoretical and Clinical Considerations 61
Elizabeth Ijalba, Loraine K. Obler, and Shyamala Chengappa

Approaches to Bilingualism, Multilingualism, and Second-Language Acquisition 85

4 The Bilingual Child 87
Ludovica Serratrice

5 Bilingualism/Multilingualism and Second-Language Acquisition 109
Yuko Goto Butler

6 Multilingualism: New Perspectives on Syntactic Development 137
Éva Berkes and Suzanne Flynn

7 Bilingualism and the Heritage Language Speaker 168
Silvina Montrul

Bilingual and Multilingual Language Use: Knowledge, Comprehension, and Production 191

8 Two Linguistic Systems in Contact: Grammar, Phonology, and Lexicon 193
Pieter Muysken

9 The Comprehension of Words and Sentences in Two Languages 216
Judith F. Kroll and Paola E. Dussias

10 An Appraisal of the Bilingual Language Production System: Quantitatively or Qualitatively Different from Monolinguals? 244
Elin Runnqvist, Ian FitzPatrick, Kristof Strijkers, and Albert Costa

Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Memory, Cognition, and Emotion 267

11 Bilingual Memory 269
Roberto R. Heredia and Jeffrey M. Brown

12 Bilingualism and Emotion: Implications for Mental Health 292
Ines Martinovic and Jeanette Altarriba

The Bilingual’s and Multilingual’s Repertoire: Code-Mixing, Code-Switching, and Communication Accommodation 321

13 Code-Switching and Grammatical Theory 323
Jeff MacSwan

14 Sign Language–Spoken Language Bilingualism and the Derivation of Bimodally Mixed Sentences 351
Gerald P. Berent

15 Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing 375
William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia

16 Accommodating Multilinguality 391
Itesh Sachdev, Howard Giles, and Anne Pauwels

17 Bilingualism and Gesture 417
Marianne Gullberg

Part III Societal Bilingualism/Multilingualism and its Effects 439

Introduction 441
Tej K. Bhatia

Language Contact, Maintenance, and Endangerment 443

18 The Bilingual and Multilingual Community 445
Suzanne Romaine

19 Language Maintenance, Language Shift, and Reversing Language Shift 466
Joshua A. Fishman

20 Linguistic Imperialism and Endangered Languages 495
Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas

21 Multilingualism, Indigenization, and Creolization 517
Jeff Siegel

22 Multilingualism and Family Welfare 542
Xiao-Lei Wang

Bilingualism and Multilingualism: The Media, Education, Literacy, and the Law 563

23 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in the Global Media and Advertising 565
Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie

24 Bilingual Education 598
Wayne E. Wright

25 The Impact of Bilingualism on Language and Literacy Development 624
Ellen Bialystok

26 Bilingualism and Writing Systems 649
Benedetta Bassetti

27 Multilingualism and Forensic Linguistics 671
Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie

Part IV Global Perspectives and Challenges: Case Studies 701

Introduction 703
William C. Ritchie

28 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in North America 707
William F. Mackey

29 Bilingualism in Latin America 725
Anna María Escobar

30 Bilingualism in Europe 745
Andrée Tabouret-Keller

31 Turkish as an Immigrant Language in Europe 770
Ad Backus

32 Multilingualism in Southern Africa 791
Nkonko M. Kamwangamalu

33 Multilingualism in Greater China and the Chinese Language Diaspora 813
Sherman Lee and David C. S. Li

34 Bilingualism and Multilingualism in South Asia 843
Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie

35 Multilingualism and Language Renewal in Ex-Soviet Central Asia 871
Birgit N. Schlyter

36 Bilingualism/Multilingualism in the Middle East and North Africa: A Focus on Cross-National and Diglossic Bilingualism/Multilingualism 899
Judith Rosenhouse

Index 920

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