Driven by the newly placed importance and growing search for ways to make computing greener and more efficient, this reference is the first research-level book devoted to green computing and large-scale energy efficiency. With contributions from leading experts in the field, the book presents current research and developments in hardware, systems software, run-time systems, programming languages, data center management, and applications. It also covers the emerging green movement in computing, including the Green Grid and the Green 500 list, as well as important programs in grassroots organizations and government agencies.