Sex and relationships education curricula and provision are being discussed, debated and problematized with an increasing sense of urgency in many countries around the world. Existing research has investigated on-going areas of consideration in relation to sex and relationships education, including youth perspectives, its organisation and delivery, and the shifting emphasis from sexual health to sexual rights within its curricula. Increasingly, there are calls to focus more explicitly on gender, sexuality, plurality and power within sex and relationships education. A number of socio-cultural, political and legal shifts have taken place in a range of contexts which have created space for discussing issues of gender and sexual equality and plurality within education. These include: violence against women and girls, sexual consent, pornography and digital cultures, sexual diversity and religious plurality. This collection brings together cutting-edge research from the global North and South on each of these issues, to establish an evidence base from which to argue that they are vital to include in sex and relationships education.