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Germany Since 1815 : A Nation Forged and Renewed

by: Williamson, David G.

Germany Since 1815 : A Nation Forged and Renewed

by: Williamson, David G.

ISBN 13:
9780333920954
ISBN 10:
0333920953
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/05/2005
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

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Summary

This is a clear and engaging introduction to the history of Germany from the creation of the German Confederation to the first decade of a reunified Germany. This new core text assumes no prior knowledge, making it a wonderful introduction of the subject. Maps and documents, a glossary, bibliography and key event boxes all make the key information easy to grasp for students.

List of illustrations

List of Maps

xviii

Preface

xix

Acknowledgements

Maps

xxi

Part One Germany Unified, 1815-70

(86)

1 Germany Recast: The French Revolutionary Wars and the Vienna Settlement, 1792-1815

(13)

Introduction: Germany on the eve of the French Revolution

(3)

The impact of the French Revolution

(1)

Reconstruction and reform, 1807-12

(2)

Prussia

(1)

The Rhineland Confederation

(1)

Napoleon's defeat

(1)

Did the French Revolution accelerate the formation of a German national consciousness?

(1)

The Vienna Settlement

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

2 The Post-War Era, 1815-47: Restoration and Change

(24)

Introduction

(1)

The German Confederation

(4)

Tensions and rivalries between the German states

(2)

The consequences of the French July Revolution

(1)

The Rhine Crisis of 1840

(1)

The Zollverein: an economic confederation?

(2)

Domestic politics in the German states, 1815-48

(3)

Prussia

(1)

The other German states

(1)

The growing national context of the political debate

(5)

Liberalism

(1)

The democrats and socialists

(1)

Nationalism

(2)

Conservatism

(1)

Political Catholicism

(1)

Economic and social developments

(5)

Agriculture

(1)

Industry

(2)

The economic impact of the Zollverein

(1)

German society between old and new

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

3 Revolution and Reaction, 1847-58

(25)

Introduction: 1848 and the historians

(1)

The coming of the revolution

(3)

Growing demands for German unity and constitutional change, 1846-48

(1)

The impact of the Schleswig-Holstein and Swiss crises

(1)

The agrarian and social-economic crises

(1)

The outbreak of the revolution

(2)

Institutionalization of the revolution and the growing tensions between Radicals and Moderates

(1)

The Frankfurt parliament

(5)

Parliamentary organization

(1)

'The Provisional Central Power', May-October 1848

(2)

The 'German Question'

(2)

Posen

(1)

South Tyrol

(1)

Bohemia and Moravia

(1)

Limburg and Schleswig-Holstein

(1)

Popular politics, spring-autumn 1848

(1)

Political developments in Prussia and Austria

(1)

Austria

(1)

Prussia

(1)

Frankfurt and the German Constitution

(1)

The defeat of the revolution

(2)

The struggle to restore the Confederation

(1)

Reaction and restoration? German domestic politics, 1850-58

(1)

The cushion of economic growth

(1)

Austro-Prussian relations

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

4 The Unification of Germany, 1858-71

(22)

Introduction

(1)

The constitutional conflict and Bismarck's appointment as minister-president

(2)

The Bismarckian counter-revolution

(2)

The German question, 1859-63

(2)

Public opinion and German unity: the Nationalverein and the Reformverein

(1)

Austro-Prussian rivalry and the reform of the Confederation

(1)

The Danish war and the Schleswig-Holstein question, 1863-65

(2)

Renewal of the Zollverein: Austria's economic Königgratz?

(1)

The defeat of Austria

(2)

The diplomatic and political settlement

(1)

The North German Confederation

(2)

The Indemnity Bill

(1)

The constitution of the North German Confederation

(2)

Bismarck and Southern Germany, 1867-70

(1)

The war with France

(3)

The unification of Germany

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Part Two The Second Reich, 1871-1918

(76)

5 Economic, Social and Cultural Transformation

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Economic developments, 1871-1913

(4)

The Gründerjahre of 1871-73

(1)

The Great Depression, 1873-96

(1)

An 'economic miracle', 1896-1913

(1)

Corporate capitalism and government intervention, 1900-14

(2)

Social change

(4)

The working class

(1)

The old and the new Mittelstand

(1)

The bourgeoisie

(1)

The Junkers and peasants

(1)

The minorities

(4)

The Catholics

(1)

Poles, Danes and Alsatians

(1)

The Jews

100

(2)

Women

102

(2)

Wilhelmine culture: A bridge between the traditional and the new

104

(1)

Critics from the right

105

(1)

Conclusion

106

(1)

6 Domestic Politics from Bismarck to Bethmann Hollweg

107

(19)

Introduction

107

(2)

The constitutional context

109

(2)

The Liberal era, 1871-78

111

(3)

The Kulturkampf

111

(1)

The decline of the Liberals and protectionism

112

(2)

The 'second foundation' of the Reich

114

(2)

Bismarck's downfall

116

(2)

The new politics, 1890-1914

118

(1)

General Leo von Caprivi and the New Course, 1890-94

119

(1)

Wilhelm's 'personal rule' and Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, 1894-1900

120

(2)

Bernhard von Bulow

122

(1)

Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

123

(2)

Conclusion: the house that Bismarck built

125

(1)

7 German Foreign Policy, 1871-1914

126

(21)

Introduction

126

(1)

The new Bismarckian foreign policy, 1871-79

127

(2)

The League of the Three Emperors

128

(1)

The eastern crisis, 1875-78

128

(1)

Bismarck's alliance system

129

(4)

The Austro-German Dual Alliance, 1879

129

(1)

The Alliance of the Three Emperors

130

(1)

The Triple Alliance, 1882

131

(2)

Bismarck's foray into imperialism, 1884-85

133

(1)

The Bismarckian alliance system under pressure

133

(3)

The Reinsurance Treaty, 18 June 1887

135

(1)

The 'New Course' in foreign policy

136

(1)

Imperialism and navalism: the Bulow period, 1897-1909

137

(4)

Bethmann Hollweg and the coming of war

141

(4)

Conclusion: was war inevitable?

145

(2)

8 Germany At War, 1914-18

147

(16)

Introduction

147

(1)

The problem of food and raw materials

148

(3)

The move to total war

151

(4)

The Hindenburg Plan

151

(1)

Financing the war

152

(1)

Winners and losers

153

(1)

Women and the family

154

(1)

War aims and domestic politics, August 1914-August 1916

155

(3)

Bethmann Hollweg's efforts to preserve the Burgfrieden

155

(2)

The dismissal of General von Falkenhayn

157

(1)

The supremacy of Hindenburg and Ludendorff, September 1916-September 1918

158

(4)

The peace resolution and its consequences

158

(2)

The collapse of the Ludendorff offensive and military defeat

160

(2)

Conclusion

162

(1)

Part Three The Weimar Republic and the Third Reich

163

(108)

9 Revolution and Instability, October 1918-23

165

(21)

Introduction

166

(1)

An abortive revolution?

167

(3)

The National Assembly

170

(2)

The Versailles 'Diktat'

172

(1)

Post-war politics, 1919-23

173

(5)

The legacy of the war

173

(2)

Threats from within, 1920-22

175

(3)

The struggle for survival: foreign policy, 1919-22

178

(4)

The Ruhr occupation, 1923

182

(3)

Conclusion

185

(1)

10 Partial Stabilization, 1924-29

186

(19)

Introduction

186

(1)

Foreign policy

187

(2)

Economic recovery?

189

(4)

Welfare, society and culture: the problems of modernization

193

(6)

The welfare state

193

(1)

Youth

193

(1)

Women

194

(1)

The old and the new Germany

195

(2)

The Jews and the ethnic minorities

197

(1)

Weimar culture

197

(2)

Party politics, 1924-29

199

(4)

Conclusion

203

(2)

11 The Change of Regime: The Collapse of Weimar and the Formation and Consolidation of the Third Reich, 1930-34

205

(20)

Introduction

206

(1)

Hitler and the Nazi party, 1925-30

207

(2)

The Depression and the fall of the Müller government

209

(1)

The Brüning cabinets, March 1930-May 1932

210

(5)

The von Papen and Schleicher cabinets, June 1932-January 1933

215

(2)

The failure to contain Hitler

217

(5)

The election of 5 March 1933

218

(1)

The Enabling Act

219

(1)

Gleichschaltung and the creation of a one-party state

220

(2)

The defeat of the 'Second Revolution'

222

(1)

Conclusion

223

(2)

12 The Third Reich, 1933-39

225

(21)

Introduction

225

(1)

The political structure of the Third Reich

226

(5)

Central government

226

(1)

The SS state

227

(1)

The party

228

(1)

The role of Hitler

229

(2)

An economic miracle?

231

(5)

Engineering an economic recovery

231

(2)

The economics of rearmament and the Four Year Plan, 1933-36

233

(2)

A growing economic crisis?

235

(1)

The Volksgemeinschaft

236

(5)

Fostering the spirit of the Volksgemeinschaft: propaganda and education

236

(2)

The peasantry

238

(1)

Women and the family

238

(1)

The workers

239

(2)

Race and eugenics

241

(3)

The non-Jewish racial minorities

241

(1)

The Jews

242

(2)

Conclusion

244

(2)

13 Expansion, War and Defeat

246

(25)

Introduction

247

(1)

The road to war, 1933-39

248

(4)

The invasion of Russia, June 1941

252

(1)

Germany's European empire, 1939-44

253

(1)

The Holocaust

254

(2)

The increasing influence of the party and the SS

256

(2)

The war economy

258

(3)

Albert Speer and the total war economy

259

(1)

The labour problem

259

(2)

The struggle for survival: the German people, 1942-45

261

(1)

The end of the Third Reich

262

(2)

The other Germany: the German opposition, 1933-45

264

(5)

The Churches

264

(1)

Youth rebellion

265

(1)

The left-wing opposition

266

(1)

The Conservative elites and the Kreisau Circle

267

(1)

20 July 1944

268

(1)

Conclusion

269

(2)

Part Four Partition and Reunification, 1945-90

271

(108)

14 Occupation and Division, 1945-49

273

(21)

Introduction

273

(1)

The great powers and the future of Germany

274

(2)

Germany under military government, 1945-47

276

(7)

Denazification and re-education

276

(2)

Democratization and decentralization

278

(1)

The revival of politics

278

(3)

The trade unions

281

(1)

The economy

281

(2)

Was the occupation a missed opportunity?

283

(1)

The decision to set up a West German state

283

(3)

The Soviet response, 1946-49

286

(2)

The birth of the two Germanies

288

(4)

The Federal Republic

289

(1)

The German Democratic Republic

290

(2)

Conclusion

292

(2)

15 The Cold War and the Two Germanies, 1950-88

294

(20)

Introduction

294

(1)

Adenauer and Western integration, 1949-54

295

(2)

Soviet efforts to halt the FRG's integration into the West

297

(1)

The FRG as a European power, 1955-58

298

(1)

Relations with the Western powers

298

(1)

Relations with the GDR and the USSR

299

(1)

The Berlin Crisis, 1958-61

299

(3)

The Development of Ostpolitik, 1963-69

302

(7)

The Moscow, Warsaw and Prague Treaties, 1970-73

305

(1)

Four-power negotiations over Berlin, 1970-71

306

(1)

The Basic Treaty

307

(2)

Ostpolitik in practice, 1973-88

309

(1)

The FRG between East and West

310

(1)

The foreign policy of the GDR, 1973-87

311

(1)

Conclusion

312

(2)

16 Domestic Developments in the Two German States, 1949-63

314

(24)

Introduction

314

(1)

I The FRG

315

(11)

Adenauer's initial survival, 1949-53

315

(1)

The social market economy and the 'economic miracle'

316

(3)

Social integration

319

(2)

The Bundeswehr (Citizens' Army)

321

(1)

Triumph and decline: the Adenauer regime, 1953-63

322

(2)

FRG: reconstruction or modernization?

324

(2)

II The GDR, 1949-61

326

(12)

Democratic centralism: the dictatorship of the SED

326

(1)

Building a socialist economy, 1948-52

327

(2)

17 June 1953: riot or popular revolt?

329

(2)

Ulbricht's survival against the odds, 1953-57

331

(1)

Failure to catch up with the FRG

332

(2)

The socialist 'Volksgemeinschaft'

334

(1)

Opposition and dissent

335

(1)

Conclusion: the two Germanies: a comparison

336

(2)

17 The Decades of Challenge: The Two Germanies, 1963-88

338

(25)

Introduction

338

(1)

I THE FRG, 1963-89

339

(15)

The Erhard government

339

(1)

The Grand Coalition, 1966-69

340

(4)

Willy Brandt as chancellor, 1969-74

344

(1)

The first Brandt administration

344

(1)

Terrorism

345

(1)

The election of November 1972 and Brandt's second administration

346

(1)

The Schmidt era, 1974-82

347

(1)

Economic problems

348

(1)

Party politics, 1974-82

349

(3)

A Conservative counter-revolution: The Kohl-Genscher governments, 1982-89

352

(2)

II THE GDR, 1961-89

354

(7)

Partial modernization, 1961-70

354

(3)

The Unity of Social and Economic Policy, 1971-89

357

(2)

The 'niche society'

359

(1)

Growing opposition

360

(1)

Conclusion: a tale of two Germanies

361

(2)

18 Reunification and After

363

(16)

Introduction

363

(1)

The collapse of the GDR

364

(6)

Reunification: Kohl seizes the initiative

370

(2)

The economic legacy of unification

372

(2)

Politics after 1990

374

(2)

A new foreign policy

376

(2)

Conclusion: the Berlin Republic

378

(1)

Part Five Assessment

379

(6)

19 Is There a German Sonderweg?

381

(4)

Part Six Documents

385

(45)

Notes and References

430

(21)

Bibliography

451

(14)

Glossary and Abbreviations

465

(6)

Index

471

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Germany Since 1815 : A Nation Forged and Renewed

Germany Since 1815 : A Nation Forged and Renewed

9780333920954

0333920953

Summary

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