John Tyrell teaches a number of chemistry courses that include Industrial and Polymer Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. Dr. Tyrell holds sixty-eight patents and has more than twenty years of industrial research experience, at Lederle Laboratories, General Electric Plastics, and OxyChem. He co-authored the book Fundamentals of Heterocyclic Chemistry: Importance in Nature and in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals which was published by Wiley.

1. Introduction 1

References 3

2. Inorganic Chemicals 5

2.1 Sulfuric acid 5

2.2 Phosphoric acid 7

2.3 Lime 9

2.4 Soda Ash 10

2.5 Titanium Dioxide 10

2.6 Sodium Chloride and Chloralkali 11

Questions 14

References 15

3. Gases 17

3.1 Syn Gas 17

3.2 Nitrogen and Oxygen 24

3.3 Ammonia 26

Questions 31

References 32

4. Patents 35

Questions 43

References 46

5. Petrochemicals 47

5.1 Crude Oil 47

5.2 Coal, Natural Gas and Shale Oil 52

5.3 Ethylene 53

5.4 Propylene 57

5.5 BTX 59

Questions 60

References 61

6. Business Considerations 63

6.1 Introduction 63

6.2 Six Sigma 64

6.3 Stage-Gate™ 66

6.4 Organization 68

6.5 Gantt Charts 70

6.6 Cost Estimates 71

6.7 Scale-up Considerations 75

Questions 82

References 83

7. Polymer Basics 85

Questions 104

References 106

8. Some Industrially Important Polymers 109

8.1 Polyethylene 109

8.2 Polypropylene 112

8.3 Polyvinyl Chloride 113

8.4 Other Olefin Polymers 116

8.5 Polyester 117

8.6 Polycarbonate 121

8.7 Nylon 122

8.8 Polyimide 125

8.9 Fluoropolymers 126

8.10 Polyphenylene Sulfide 128

8.11 Acetal Resin 129

8.12 Thermosets 130

Questions 136

References 139

9. Blends and Additives 141

9.1 Blends 141

9.2 Antioxidants 143

9.3 UV Stabilizers 147

9.4 Antistatic Agents 148

9.5 Peroxides 149

9.6 Lubricants 151

9.7 Flame Retardants 151

9.8 Heat Stabilizers 155

9.9 Plasticizers 156

9.10 Others 157

Questions 159

References 161

10. Pharmaceuticals 163

10.1 The Drug Development Process 163

10.2 Regulation 165

10.3 Synthetic Considerations 169

10.4 Chirality 172

Questions 179

References 181

11. Pharmaceuticals–Some Important Drugs 183

11.1 Introduction 183

11.2 Cholesterol Drugs 184

11.3 Hypertension 187

11.4 Proton Pump Inhibitors 193

11.5 Diabetes 195

11.6 Antidepressants 198

References 201

12. Agricultural Chemicals 203

12.1 Overview 203

12.2 Fertilizer 204

12.3 Insecticides 205

12.4 Herbicides 211

12.5 Fungicides 217

References 219

13. Design of Experiments and Statistical Process Control 223

13.1 Introduction 223

13.2 Design of Experiments 229

13.3 Statistical Process Control 232

Questions 237

Reference 237

14. Safety and Environmental Considerations 239

14.1 Safety and Responsible Care 239

14.2 Environmental Compliance 243

14.3 Green Chemistry 245

Questions 249

References 250

Index 251

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