The history of free expression is inextricably intertwined with advances in speech technology. However, until recently, most forms of communication were limited and controlled by so-called ¿gatekeepers¿ who had the power to limit or control the ability of ordinary individuals to communicate with each other. With the advent of the Internet, and new forms of technology (e.g., personal computers, iPhones, etc.), people have much greater capacity to communicate with each other. Although both governments and private entities have attempted to control discourse over the Internet, new technologies have enabled ordinary individuals to more easily communicate with each other and to participate in the political process. As a result, the Internet is reshaping political debate and political action all over the world.