Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

by: McIntire, Sandra; Miller, Leslie

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

by: McIntire, Sandra; Miller, Leslie

ISBN 13:
9781412924849
ISBN 10:
1412924847
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/07/2006
Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc
Newer Edition

Rent

Sorry, this item is currently unavailable.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Extend or Purchase Your Rental at Any Time

Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.

Summary

The Second Edition of Foundations of Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach is a scholarly, yet pragmatic and easy to understand text for undergraduate students new to the field of psychological testing. Using an engaging, conversational format, authors Sandra A. McIntire and Leslie A. Miller aim to prepare students to be informed consumers-as test users or test takers-not to teach students to administer or interpret individual psychological tests.

Preface

xiii

Our Mission

xiii

Learning Strategies

xiv

Organization of Material

Final Thoughts

xvi

Acknowledgments

xvi

SECTION I: OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

(128)

1. What Are Psychological Tests?

(40)

Why Should You Care About Psychological Testing?

(1)

What Are Psychological Tests?

(5)

Similarities Among Psychological Tests

(1)

Differences Among Psychological Tests

(4)

The History of Psychological Testing

(4)

Intelligence Tests

(3)

Personality Tests

(1)

Vocational Tests

(1)

Testing Today

(3)

The Defining Characteristics of Psychological Tests

(2)

Assumptions of Psychological Tests

(1)

Test Classification Methods

(8)

Maximal Performance, Behavior Observation, or Self-Report

(1)

Standardized or Nonstandardized

(1)

Objective or Projective

(2)

Dimension Measured

(5)

Subject Tests

(1)

Psychological Assessment, Psychological Tests, Measurements, and Surveys

(2)

Psychological Assessments and Psychological Tests

(1)

Psychological Tests and Measurements

(1)

Psychological Tests and Surveys

(1)

Locating Information About Tests

(8)

Chapter Summary

(5)

2. Why Is Psychological Testing Important?

(32)

The Importance of Psychological Testing

(2)

Individual and Institutional Decisions

(1)

Comparative and Absolute Decisions

(1)

Who Uses Psychological Tests and for What Reasons?

(11)

Educational Settings

(4)

Clinical Settings

(4)

Organizational Settings

(2)

The Social and Legal Implications of Psychological Testing

(12)

The Controversy Over Intelligence Tests

(4)

The Controversy Over Aptitude and Integrity Tests

(7)

Chapter Summary

(6)

3. Is There a Right or Wrong Way to Use Psychological Tests?

(32)

Ethical Standards for Psychological Testing

(12)

What Are Ethics?

(1)

Ethical Principles of the APA

(2)

Certification and Licensure

(1)

Testing Guidelines

(1)

Issues of Primary Concern

(5)

Ethical Use of Computer-Based Testing

(1)

Appropriate Use of Psychological Tests

(2)

Test Publisher Responsibility

(1)

The Marketing of Psychological Tests

(1)

Availability of Comprehensive Test Manuals

(2)

Test User Responsibility

(1)

Testing Special Populations

(7)

Physically or Mentally Challenged Test Takers

(2)

Test Takers With Learning Disabilities

(3)

Test Takers From Multicultural Backgrounds

(1)

Chapter Summary

(9)

4. How Does Computerized Testing Work?

107

(26)

Computerized Testing

109

(5)

Test Development

109

(1)

Test Administration

109

(1)

Test Scoring and Interpretation

110

(1)

Advantages of Computerized Testing

110

(1)

Disadvantages of Computerized Testing

111

(3)

Computerized Adaptive Testing

114

(3)

Web-Based Assessment

117

(4)

Administering Surveys Online

118

(1)

New Challenges

119

(2)

Implications for the Future

121

(3)

E-learning

121

(1)

Program Assessment

122

(1)

Clinical Assessment

123

(1)

Certification Programs

123

(1)

Chapter Summary

124

(5)

SECTION II: PSYCHOMETRIC PRINCIPLES

129

(180)

5. How Do Test Users Interpret Test Scores?

133

(46)

Levels of Measurement

134

(5)

Nominal Scales

135

(1)

Ordinal Scales

135

(1)

Equal Interval Scales

136

(1)

Ratio Scales

137

(2)

Procedures for Interpreting Test Scores

139

(16)

Frequency Distributions

140

(3)

The Normal Curve

143

(4)

Descriptive Statistics

147

(8)

Standard Scores

155

(6)

Linear Transformations

158

(1)

Area Transformations

159

(2)

The Role of Norms

161

(10)

Types of Norms

161

(10)

Chapter Summary

171

(8)

6. What Is Test Reliability?

179

(42)

What Is Reliability?

181

(1)

Three Types of Reliability

182

(9)

Test–Retest Reliability

182

(1)

Internal Consistency

183

(5)

Scorer Reliability and Agreement

188

(3)

Classical Test Theory

191

(4)

Random Error

194

(1)

Systematic Error

195

(1)

The Reliability Coefficient

195

(6)

Adjusting Split-Half Reliability Estimates

195

(2)

Other Methods of Calculating Internal Consistency

197

(1)

Calculating Scorer Reliability and Agreement

197

(4)

Using Computer Software to Calculate Reliability

201

(1)

Interpreting Reliability Coefficients

202

(3)

Calculating the Standard Error of Measurement

202

(1)

Interpreting the Standard Error of Measurement

202

(3)

Cohen's Kappa

205

(1)

Factors That Influence Reliability

205

(3)

Test Length

206

(1)

Homogeneity

206

(1)

Test–Retest Interval

207

(1)

Effective Test Administration

207

(1)

Careful Scoring

207

(1)

Guessing or Faking

207

(1)

Generalizability Theory

208

(1)

Chapter Summary

209

(12)

7. What Is Validity, Specifically Content Validity?

221

(30)

Different Sources of Evidence for Validity

223

(6)

Content Validity

224

(1)

Criterion-Related Validity

224

(4)

Construct Validity

228

(1)

The Appropriate Use of Various Validation Strategies

229

(1)

Content Validity

230

(13)

Demonstrating Content Validity During Test Development

233

(2)

Demonstrating Content Validity After Test Development

235

(8)

Content Validity Summary

243

(1)

Face Validity

243

(1)

Chapter Summary

244

(7)

8. Can Tests Really Predict Future Behavior?

251

(32)

What Is Criterion-Related Validity?

252

(1)

Methods for Demonstrating Criterion-Related Validity

253

(4)

The Predictive Method

253

(2)

The Concurrent Method

255

(1)

How Criterion-Related Validity Differs From Reliability and Content Validity

256

(1)

Selecting a Criterion

257

(2)

Objective and Subjective Criteria

258

(1)

Does the Criterion Measure What It Is Supposed to Measure?

259

(1)

Calculating and Evaluating Validity Coefficients

259

(4)

Tests of Significance

260

(2)

The Coefficient of Determination

262

(1)

How Confident Can We Be About Estimates of Validity?

262

(1)

Using Validity Information to Make Predictions

263

(7)

Linear Regression

263

(1)

Multiple Regression

264

(6)

Ethical Issues Associated With Test Validation

270

(1)

Chapter Summary

271

(12)

9. What Is Construct Validity?

283

(26)

Construct Validity

284

(5)

What Is a Construct?

285

(3)

Construct Explication

288

(1)

Gathering Evidence of Construct Validity

289

(7)

Gathering Theoretical Evidence

290

(1)

Gathering Psychometric Evidence

291

(5)

Factor Analysis

296

(5)

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

296

(2)

Exploratory Factor Analysis

298

(1)

Putting It All Together

299

(2)

Chapter Summary

301

(8)

SECTION III: DEVELOPING AND PILOTING SURVEYS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

309

(122)

10. How Do We Construct, Administer, and Use Survey Data?

311

(46)

What Are Surveys?

312

(2)

Knowledge Acquisition and the Scientific Method

314

(5)

Knowledge Acquisition

316

(1)

The Scientific Method

317

(2)

The Survey Research Method

319

(29)

The Scientific Method of Survey Design

321

(1)

Preparing for the Survey

321

(2)

Constructing the Survey

323

(17)

Administering the Survey

340

(5)

Coding, Entering, and Analyzing Survey Data

345

(2)

Presenting the Findings

347

(1)

Survey Reliability and Validity

348

(2)

Survey Reliability

348

(1)

Survey Validity

349

(1)

Chapter Summary

350

(7)

11. How Do You Develop a Test?

357

(32)

Why Develop a New Test?

358

(3)

Defining the Testing Universe, Audience, and Purpose

361

(3)

Defining the Testing Universe

362

(1)

Defining the Target Audience

362

(1)

Defining the Test Purpose

363

(1)

Developing a Test Plan

364

(4)

Defining the Construct and the Content to Be Measured

364

(2)

Choosing the Test Format

366

(1)

Specifying Administration Formats

366

(1)

Scoring Methods

366

(1)

Developing the Test Itself

367

(1)

Composing the Test Items

368

(7)

Objective Items

369

(2)

Subjective Items

371

(1)

Response Bias

372

(3)

Writing Effective Items

375

(5)

Multiple Choice and True/False Items

376

(1)

Essay and Interview Questions

377

(1)

A Comparison of Objective and Subjective Formats

378

(2)

Writing the Instructions for the New Test

380

(3)

Administrator Instructions

380

(1)

Instructions for the Test Taker

380

(1)

Scoring Instructions

381

(2)

Chapter Summary

383

(6)

12. How Do You Know When a Test Works?

389

(42)

The Pilot Test

391

(2)

Setting Up the Pilot Test

392

(1)

Conducting the Pilot Study

392

(1)

Analyzing the Results

393

(1)

Quantitative Item Analysis

393

(13)

Item Difficulty

393

(1)

Item Discrimination

394

(1)

Interitem Correlations

395

(1)

Item–Total Correlations

396

(1)

Item–Criterion Correlations

396

(5)

The Item Characteristic Curve

401

(3)

Item Bias

404

(2)

Qualitative Item Analysis

406

(1)

Questionnaires for Test Takers

406

(1)

Expert Panels

406

(1)

Revising the Test

406

(4)

Choosing the Final Items

408

(2)

Revising the Test Instructions

410

(1)

Conducting the Validation Study

410

(5)

Cross-Validation

411

(1)

Differential Validity

411

(2)

Defining Unfair Discrimination

413

(1)

Testing for Validity Equivalence

413

(2)

Developing Norms and Identifying Cut Scores

415

(1)

Developing Norms

415

(1)

Identifying Cut Scores

416

(1)

Developing the Test Manual

416

(4)

Chapter Summary

420

(11)

SECTION IV: USING TESTS IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS

431

(120)

13. How Are Tests Used in Educational Settings?

433

(40)

Decision Making in the Educational Setting

435

(1)

Educators as Test Users

435

(7)

Dialogue 1

437

(1)

Dialogue 2

437

(4)

Discussion of Dialogues 1 and 2

441

(1)

Psychological Test Use in Educational Settings

442

(21)

Tests Used for Making Decisions in the Classroom

442

(2)

Additional Ways Assessment Can Benefit the Educational Process

444

(1)

Tests Used for Selection and Placement Decisions

444

(10)

Tests Used for Placement Decisions

454

(1)

Tests Used for Counseling and Guidance Decisions

454

(1)

Tests Used for Program, Curriculum, and Administrative Policy Decisions

454

(9)

Norm-Referenced, Criterion-Referenced, and Authentic Assessment of Achievement

463

(3)

Authentic Assessment

465

(1)

Chapter Summary

466

(7)

14. How Are Tests Used in Clinical and Counseling Settings?

473

(42)

Models of Psychological Assessment

475

(4)

The Information-Gathering Model

475

(2)

The Therapeutic Model

477

(1)

The Differential Treatment Model

477

(1)

Roles of the Clinician and the Counselor

478

(1)

Tests Used for Diagnosis and Intervention

479

(14)

The Clinical Interview

481

(1)

Structured Personality Tests

482

(2)

Projective Techniques

484

(6)

The Controversy About Projective Techniques

490

(3)

Neuropsychological Tests

493

(9)

Electrophysiological Techniques

496

(1)

Developmental Applications

497

(3)

Psychopathological Applications

500

(2)

Specialized Tests for Clinical Disorders

502

(3)

Single Construct Tests

502

(1)

Identification of Construct Duration

502

(1)

Observational Scales

502

(3)

Chapter Summary

505

(10)

15. How Do Organizations Use Psychological Tests?

515

(36)

A Short History of Employment Testing

516

(3)

The Scientific Selection of Salesmen

517

(1)

The Legacy of World War I

517

(1)

Testing From World War II to the Present

517

(2)

Preemployment Testing

519

(19)

The Employment Interview

519

(7)

Performance Tests

526

(1)

Personality Inventories

526

(5)

Integrity Testing

531

(3)

Cognitive Tests

534

(1)

Legal Constraints

534

(4)

Performance Appraisal

538

(5)

Ranking Employees

538

(1)

Rating Employees

539

(3)

Rating Errors

542

(1)

Who Should Rate?

543

(1)

Chapter Summary

543

(8)

Appendix A: Guidelines for Critiquing a Psychological Test

551

(2)

Appendix B: Ethical Standards for Assessment

553

(4)

Appendix C: Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

557

(6)

Appendix D: Table of Critical Values for Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients

563

(2)

Glossary

565

(18)

References

583

(20)

Author Index

603

(8)

Subject Index

611

(20)

About the Authors

631

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

9781412924849

1412924847

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

Foundations of Psychological Testing; A Practical Approach

9781412924849

1412924847

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Related Products