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Foundations of College Chemistry

by: Hein, Morris; Arena, Susan

Foundations of College Chemistry

by: Hein, Morris; Arena, Susan

ISBN 13:
9781118298237
ISBN 10:
1118298233
Edition: 14th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2013
Publisher: Wiley

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Foundations of College Chemistry > ISBN13: 9781118298237

Summary

Learning the fundamentals of chemistry can be a difficult task to undertake for health professionals. For over 35 years, this text has helped them master the chemistry skills they need to succeed. It provides them with clear and logical explanations of chemical concepts and problem solving. They'll learn how to apply concepts with the help of worked out examples. In addition, Chemistry in Action features and conceptual questions checks brings together the understanding of chemistry and relates chemistry to things health professionals experience on a regular basis.

Author Biography

Morris Hein is the author of Foundations of College Chemistry, Alternate 14th Edition, published by Wiley.

Susan Arena is the author of Foundations of College Chemistry, Alternate 14th Edition, published by Wiley.

1 An Introduction to Chemistry 1

1.1 The Nature of Chemistry 2

1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving 3

1.3 The Particulate Nature of Matter 5

1.4 Classifying Matter 7

Review 9

Review Questions 10

Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises 11

Answers to Practice Exercises 12

2 Standards for Measurement 13

2.1 Scientific Notation 14

2.2 Measurement and Uncertainty 15

2.3 Significant Figures 16

2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations 18

2.5 The Metric System 21

2.6 Dimensional Analysis: A Problem-2.7 Measurement of Temperature 30

Additional Exercises 41

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 43

3 Elements and Compounds 44

3.1 Elements 45

3.2 Introduction to the Periodic Table 49

3.3 Compounds and Formulas 52

Review 57

Review Questions 58

Paired Exercises 59

Additional Exercises 60

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 61

4 Properties of Matter 62

4.1 Properties of Substances 63

4.2 Physical and Chemical Changes 65

4.3 Learning to Solve Problems 68

4.4 Energy 68

4.5 Heat: Quantitative Measurement 70

4.6 Energy in the Real World 72

Review 74

Review Questions 75

Paired Exercises 76

Additional Exercises 77

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 78

5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure 82

5.1 Dalton’s Model of the Atom 83

5.2 Electric Charge 84

5.3 Subatomic Parts of the Atom 85

5.4 The Nuclear Atom 87

5.5 Isotopes of the Elements 89

Additional Exercises 96

Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 97

6 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 98

6.1 Common and Systematic Names 99

6.2 Elements and Ions 100

6.3 Writing Formulas from Names of

6.4 Naming Binary Compounds 105

6.5 Naming Compounds Containing

Additional Exercises 117

Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 118

7 Quantitative Composition of Compounds 121

7.1 The Mole 122

7.2 Molar Mass of Compounds 126

7.3 Percent Composition of Compounds 129

7.4 Calculating Empirical Formulas 133

7.5 Calculating the Molecular Formula from the Empirical Formula 135

Review 138

Review Questions, Paired Exercises 139

Additional Exercises 141

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 142

8 Chemical Equations 143

8.1 The Chemical Equation 144

8.2 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 145

8.3 Types of Chemical Equations 150

8.4 Heat in Chemical Reactions 156

8.5 Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect 159

Review 161

Review Questions, Paired Exercises 163

Additional Exercises 165

Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 166

9 Calculations from Chemical Equations 167

9.1 Introduction to Stoichiometry 168

9.2 Mole–Mole Calculations 170

9.3 Mole–Mass Calculations 173

9.4 Mass–Mass Calculations 174

9.5 Limiting Reactant and Yield Calculations 176

Review 182

Review Questions, Paired Exercises 183

Additional Exercises 185

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 187

10 Modern Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table 191

10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 192

10.2 The Bohr Atom 193

10.3 Energy Levels of Electrons 195

10.4 Atomic Structures of the First 18 Elements 198

10.5 Electron Structures and the Periodic Table 201

Review 206

Review Questions 207

Paired Exercises 208

Additional Exercises 210

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 211

11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms 212

11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties 213

11.2 Lewis Structures of Atoms 216

11.3 The Ionic Bond: Transfer of Electrons from One Atom to Another 217

11.4 Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds 222

11.5 The Covalent Bond: Sharing Electrons 224

11.6 Electronegativity 226

11.7 Lewis Structures of Compounds 229

11.8 Complex Lewis Structures 232

11.9 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions 234

11.10 Molecular Shape 235

Review 239

Review Questions 240

Paired Exercises 241

Additional Exercises 243

Challenge Exercises 244

Answers to Practice Exercises 245

12 The Gaseous State of Matter 248

12.1 Properties of Gases 249

12.2 Boyle’s Law 252

12.3 Charles’ Law 256

12.4 Avogadro’s Law 259

12.5 Combined Gas Laws 260

12.6 Ideal Gas Law 264

12.7 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 267

12.8 Density of Gases 270

12.9 Gas Stoichiometry 270

Review 274

Review Questions 276

Paired Exercises 277

Additional Exercises 279

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 281

13 Liquids 282

13.1 States of Matter: A Review 283

13.2 Properties of Liquids 283

13.3 Boiling Point and Melting Point 286

13.4 Changes of State 288

13.5 Intermolecular Forces 290

13.6 Hydrates 295

13.7 Water, a Unique Liquid 297

Review 300

Review Questions 301

Paired Exercises 302

Additional Exercises 303

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 304

14 Solutions 305

14.1 General Properties of Solutions 306

14.2 Solubility 307

14.3 Rate of Dissolving Solids 311

14.4 Concentration of Solutions 312

14.5 Colligative Properties of Solutions 320

14.6 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure 325

Review 327

Review Questions 328

Paired Exercises 329

Additional Exercises 332

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 333

15 Acids, Bases, and Salts 337

15.1 Acids and Bases 338

15.2 Reactions of Acids and Bases 342

15.3 Salts 343

15.4 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 344

15.5 Introduction to pH 349

15.6 Neutralization 352

15.7 Writing Net Ionic Equations 354

15.8 Acid Rain 356

Review 357

Review Questions, Paired Exercises 359

Additional Exercises 361

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 362

16 Chemical Equilibrium 363

16.1 Rates of Reaction 364

16.2 Chemical Equilibrium 365

16.3 Le Châtelier’s Principle 366

16.4 Equilibrium Constants 373

16.5 Ion Product Constant for Water 374

16.6 Ionization Constants 376

16.7 Solubility Product Constant 378

16.8 Buffer Solutions: The Control of pH 381

Review 383

Review Questions 384

Paired Exercises 385

Additional Exercises 387

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 389

17 Oxidation–Reduction 390

17.1 Oxidation Number 391

17.2 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations 395

17.3 Balancing Ionic Redox Equations 398

17.4 Activity Series of Metals 401

17.5 Electrolytic and Voltaic Cells 403

Review 407

Review Questions 409

Paired Exercises 410

Additional Exercises 412

Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 413

APPENDICES

I. Mathematical and Review A-1

II. Using a Scientific Calculator A-10

III. Units of Measurement A-14

IV. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various

Temperatures A-15

V. Solubility Table A-16

VI. Answers to Selected Exercises A-17

VII. Answers to Putting It Together Review

Exercises A-27

GLOSSARY G-1

INDEX I-1

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