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Forest Ecology

by: Kimmins, James P.

Forest Ecology

by: Kimmins, James P.

ISBN 13:
9780130662583
ISBN 10:
0130662585
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/05/2003
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

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Summary

This management-driven, comprehensive book on ecosystem ecology is the only one on the market that covers the entire field, linking conventional ecosystem-level forest ecology to forest management.It features ecological site classification, ecosystem modeling, and strong sections on ecological diversity and the physical environment. It provides a comprehensive treatment of forestry issues; as well as excellent coverage of ecosystem management, landscape management, natural disturbances and their emulation.An excellent reference work for professional foresters, resource managers, wildlife managers, parks managers, forest planners and policy makers, and forestry researchers.

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

xviii

PART I People and Forests: Why the Science of Forest Ecology Developed

(22)

CHAPTER 1 Sustainability of Forest Ecosystems: The Problem of Human Population Growth

(8)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Past and Future Growth in Human Numbers

(1)

1.3 Implications of Population Growth for Global Resources

(4)

Summary

(1)

Take-Home Message

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

CHAPTER 2 Development of Forestry and Forest Ecology

(12)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Human Evolutionary Dependence on Forests

(2)

2.3 History of Human Impacts on Forests

(1)

2.4 Development of Forestry

(2)

2.5 Ecology, Environmentalism, or Green Religion: Which Will Guide the Future Evolution of Forestry?

(1)

2.6 Forest Ecology: A Practical Means of Dealing with the Problems of Complexity

(4)

Summary

(1)

Take-Home Message

(1)

Study Questions

(2)

PART II Ecosystem as the Basic Unit of Forest Ecology

(116)

CHAPTER 3 Ecology and the Ecosystem Concept

(10)

3.1 The Science of Ecology and Its Historical Development

(2)

3.2 Subdivisions of Ecology and the Concept Levels of Biological Organization

(1)

3.3 The Ecosystem Concept

(1)

3.4 The Concept Levels of Biological Integration

(2)

3.5 Ecosystem Change: A Key Attribute

(3)

Summary

(1)

Take-Home Message

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

CHAPTER 4 Production Ecology: The Transfer and Storage of Energy in Ecosystems

(37)

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Sources of Energy for Living Organisms

(1)

4.3 Trophic Chains and Webs, Ecological Pyramids, and Energy Flow Diagrams

(5)

4.4 Terminology Used in Production Ecology

(1)

4.5 Production Ecology at the Primary Producer Level

(8)

4.6 Production Ecology at Consumer Trophic Levels

(3)

4.7 Detritus Trophic Chains

(3)

4.8 Leaf Area, Foliage Production Efficiency, and Growth of Forests

(3)

4.9 Carbon Allocation and Carbon Storage in Forests

(4)

4.10 Energy Benefit/Cost Relationships of Forest Production

(1)

4.11 Comparison of the Energy Requirements of Wood and Alternative Materials

(2)

4.12 Effects of Forest Management on Energy in the Forest Ecosystem

(3)

Summary

(1)

Take-Home Message

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

CHAPTER 5 Biogeochemistry: Cycling of Nutrients in Ecosystems

(67)

5.1 Introduction

(2)

5.2 Plant Nutrition: Energy and Nutrients at the Primary Producer Trophic Level

(5)

5.3 Animal Nutrition: Energy and Nutrients at Consumer Trophic Levels

(2)

5.4 The Geochemical Cycle: Nutrient Cycling Between Ecosystems

(5)

5.5 The Biogeochemical Cycle: Nutrient Cycling Within an Ecosystem

(19)

5.6 The Biochemical Cycle: Nutrient Cycling Within Plants

105

(5)

5.7 Nitrogen Cycling: The Key to Productivity in Many Forests

110

(3)

5.8 Biogeochemical Efficiency of Forest Ecosystems

113

(2)

5.9 Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems

115

(5)

5.10 Effects of Humans on Biogeochemistry and the Cycling of Toxic Substances

120

(4)

5.11 Effects of Forest Management on Forest Biogeochemistry

124

(10)

5.12 Variations in Contributions of the Three Main Cycles Over the "Stand Cycle" and Succession

134

(1)

5.13 Long-Term Declines in Forest Productivity Are They Fertility Related?

135

(2)

Summary

137

(1)

Take-Home Message

138

(1)

Study Questions

138

(1)

PART III Ecological Diversity and the Ecological Stage: Physical Determinants of the Ecological Play

139

(226)

CHAPTER 6 Ecosystem Classification: The Ecological Foundation for Sustainable Forest Management

141

(28)

6.1 Introduction

141

(2)

6.2 Climatic Classification

143

(3)

6.3 Landform, or Physiographic, Classification

146

(1)

6.4 Vegetation Classification

147

(11)

6.5 Ecosystem Classification

158

(8)

Summary

166

(1)

Take-Home Message

167

(1)

Study Questions

168

(1)

CHAPTER 7 Ecological Role of Solar Radiation

169

(32)

7.1 Introduction

169

(1)

7.2 Physical Nature of Solar Radiation and its Variations in Time and Space

169

(5)

7.3 Ecological Effects of Variations in the Spectral Quality of Solar Radiation

174

(1)

7.4 Ecological Effects of Variations in the Intensity of Solar Radiation

175

(14)

7.5 Ecological Effects of Temporal Variations in Solar Radiation

189

(7)

7.6 Importance of the Light Factor in Forestry

196

(2)

Summary

198

(1)

Take-Home Message

199

(1)

Study Questions

200

(1)

CHAPTER 8 Temperature as an Ecological Factor

201

(35)

8.1 Introduction

201

(1)

8.2 Geographical and Temporal Variations In Temperature

202

(7)

8.3 General Ecological Concepts Concerning Temperature

209

(2)

8.4 Effects of Temperature on Plants

211

(9)

8.5 Animal Adaptations to Temperature

220

(6)

8.6 Role of Temperature in Limiting the Distribution of Organisms

226

(2)

8.7 Importance of the Temperature Factor in Forestry

228

(4)

8.8 Human Effects on the World Radiation Budget and Global Temperatures

232

(2)

Summary

234

(1)

Take-Home Message

234

(1)

Study Questions

235

(1)

CHAPTER 9 Wind: Ecological Effects of Atmospheric Movements

236

(19)

9.1 Introduction

236

(1)

9.2 Temporal and Spatial Variations in Wind

236

(3)

9.3 Effects of Wind on Vegetation

239

(7)

9.4 Effects of Wind on Animals

246

(2)

9.5 Effects of Wind on Ecosystems

248

(1)

9.6 Effects of Vegetation on Wind

249

(2)

9.7 Significance of Wind for Forestry

251

(2)

Summary

253

(1)

Take-Home Message

253

(1)

Study Questions

254

(1)

CHAPTER 10 Water: The Material That Makes Life Possible

255

(29)

10.1 Introduction

255

(1)

10.2 The Water Cycle

256

(13)

10.3 Availability of Water to Plants and Animals

269

(1)

10.4 Adaptations of Plants to Excess or Deficit of Water

270

(5)

10.5 Adaptations of Animals to Excess or Deficit of Water

275

(1)

10.6 Effects of Moisture on Plant Distribution and Production

276

(2)

10.7 Interaction Between Moisture and Nutrients

278

(2)

10.8 Competition for Water Between Trees and Minor Vegetation

280

(1)

10.9 Forestry and the Water Factor

281

(1)

Summary

282

(1)

Take-Home Message

283

(1)

Study Questions

283

(1)

CHAPTER 11 Soil: The Least Renewable Physical Component of the Ecosystem

284

(45)

11.1 Introduction

284

(1)

11.2 Physical Properties of Soil

285

(5)

11.3 Soil Water

290

(3)

11.4 Chemical Properties of Soil

293

(5)

11.5 Soil Organic Matter

298

(1)

11.6 Soil Biology

299

(11)

11.7 Soil Fertility

310

(5)

11.8 Soil Development

315

(6)

11.9 Ecological Significance of Soil

321

(2)

11.10 Importance of Soils for Forest Management

323

(4)

Summary

327

(1)

Take-Home Message

328

(1)

Study Questions

328

(1)

CHAPTER 12 Fire: A Pervasive and Powerful Environmental Factor

329

(20)

12.1 Introduction

329

(1)

12.2 Types and Occurrence of Fires

330

(1)

12.3 Effects of Fire on Soil

331

(7)

12.4 Effects of Fire on Plants

338

(3)

12.5 Effects of Fire on Animals

341

(2)

12.6 Effects of Fire on Ecosystems and Ecosystem Processes

343

(3)

12.7 Effects of Fire Exclusion

346

(1)

12.8 Fire and Forest Management

347

(1)

Summary

347

(1)

Take-Home Message

347

(1)

Study Questions

348

(1)

CHAPTER 13 Patterns of Biotic Communities Along Environmental Gradients

349

(16)

13.1 Introduction

349

(1)

13.2 Possible Patterns of Species Distribution

349

(5)

13.3 Major Forest Ecotones: The Interface Between Forests and Communities of Different Physiognomy

354

(9)

13.4 Forestry and Environmental Gradients-The Question of Site

363

(1)

Summary

364

(1)

Take-Home Message

364

(1)

Study Questions

364

(1)

PART IV Biological Diversity: Population, Community, and Genetic Determinants of the Ecological Play

365

(96)

CHAPTER 14 Population Ecology: Study of the Abundance and Dynamics of Species Populations

367

(38)

14.1 Introduction

367

(5)

14.2 Population Growth and Demographic Characteristics of Populations

372

(8)

14.3 Major Determinants of Population Size

380

(5)

14.4 Theories About the Natural Regulation of Population Size

385

(4)

14.5 Cyclical Population Fluctuations

389

(1)

14.6 Role of Predation in Population Regulation

390

(4)

14.7 Plant Population Ecology

394

(8)

14.8 Importance of Population Ecology in Forest Management

402

(1)

Summary

403

(1)

Take-Home Message

403

(1)

Study Questions

404

(1)

CHAPTER 15 Community Ecology

405

(36)

15.1 Introduction

405

(2)

15.2 Structure and Growth Forms of Plant Communities

407

(4)

15.3 Interactions Between Species in a Community

411

(13)

15.4 The Competitive Exclusion Principle and the Ecological Niche Concept

424

(5)

15.5 Biological Diversity

429

(9)

15.6 Community Ecology and Forest Management

438

(1)

Summary

439

(1)

Take-Home Message

439

(1)

Study Questions

440

(1)

CHAPTER 16 Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Ecosystems: Adaptation and Evolution

441

(20)

16.1 Introduction

441

(1)

16.2 Genetic Variation in Populations: One of the Important Measures of Biological Diversity and the Raw Material for Natural Selection

442

(6)

16.3 Examples of Selection, Adaptation, and Evolution

448

(6)

16.4 Coevolution and the Biotic Environment

454

(2)

16.5 Evolutionary Time Scales

456

(1)

16.6 Implications of Genetic Variability, Evolution, and Adaptation for Forestry

456

(2)

16.7 Evolution of Ecosystems

458

(1)

Summary

458

(1)

Take-Home Message

459

(1)

Study Questions

459

(2)

PART V Temporal Diversity: The Ecological Play in Which All Aspects of Ecosystems Change Over Time

461

(70)

CHAPTER 17 Ecological Succession: Processes of Change in Ecosystems

463

(53)

17.1 Introduction

463

(1)

17.2 Terminology and Concepts

464

(3)

17.3 Classical Concepts and Models of Succession

467

(4)

17.4 Review of Recent Theories and Models of Succession

471

(5)

17.5 Mechanisms of Successional Change

476

(12)

17.6 Rates of Successional Change

488

(3)

17.7 The Three Major Types of Sere

491

(4)

17.8 Linear and Cyclical Succession: The Problem with the Concept of Climax

495

(6)

17.9 "Vital Attributes" Model of Succession

501

(1)

17.10 Changes in Ecosystem Function During Succession

502

(5)

17.11 Relationship Among Ecosystem Stability, Biodiversity, and Successional Stage

507

(3)

17.12 Succession in Animal Communities

510

(1)

17.13 Effect of Forest Management on Succession

511

(3)

Summary

514

(1)

Take-Home Message

515

(1)

Study Questions

515

(1)

CHAPTER 18 Understanding and Emulating Natural Forest Disturbance: A Template for the Management of Succession and Temporal Diversity?

516

(15)

18.1 Introduction

516

(1)

18.2 Paradigms for a New Approach to Forestry

517

(3)

18.3 Definitions of Disturbance and ENFD

520

(1)

18.4 Management Strategies with Respect to Succession

521

(2)

18.5 Ecological Rotation Concept as a Framework for ENFD

523

(5)

18.6 Small-Scale or Gap Disturbance

528

(2)

Summary

530

(1)

Take-Home Message

530

(1)

Study Questions

530

(1)

PART VI Spatial Diversity: The Landscape Revisited

531

(12)

CHAPTER 19 Ecosystem Management and Landscape Ecology: The Ultimate Focus in Forest Ecology

533

(10)

19.1 Introduction

533

(1)

19.2 Ecosystem Management

534

(2)

19.3 Landscape Ecology

536

(1)

19.4 Fragmentation, Connectivity, and Edges

537

(2)

19.5 Patch Size and Event Size Frequency Distributions

539

(2)

19.6 Tools in Landscape Ecology: Landscape Models, Remote Sensing, and Gis

541

(1)

Summary

541

(1)

Take-Home Message

541

(1)

Study Questions

542

(1)

PART VII Application of Ecological Knowledge in the Management of Forest Ecosystems

543

CHAPTER 20 Environmental Issues in Forestry: The Role of Ecology in the Management of the Ecological Play

545

(20)

20.1 Introduction

545

(1)

20.2 Environmental Issues in Forestry

545

(2)

20.3 Forest and Ecosystem Health

547

(3)

20.4 Ecosystem Integrity

550

(3)

20.5 Role of Forests and Forestry in Global Carbon Cycles and Climate Change

553

(12)

CHAPTER 21 Models and Their Role in Ecology and Resource Management

565

(32)

21.1 Introduction

565

(1)

21.2 Limitations of Models

566

(1)

21.3 Why People Model and the Survivorship of Models

567

(1)

21.4 Types of Model: Computer Models Are Only One of Many Types of Model

568

(3)

21.5 Stages in the Development of a Computer Simulation Model

571

(1)

21.6 Application of Different Types of Model to the Study of Site Nutrient Depletion Through Harvesting of Forest Biomass

572

(5)

21.7 The Three Major Approaches to Modeling in Forestry

577

(3)

21.8 Examples of Hybrid Simulation Models

580

(7)

21.9 Landscape Models

587

(2)

21.10 How Complex Should a Model Be? Occam's Razor and the Scientific Method

589

(2)

21.11 Example of the Need for Sufficient Complexity in Successional Models: The Two Edges of Occam's Razor

591

(3)

Summary

594

(1)

Take-Home Message

595

(1)

Study Questions

595

(2)

CHAPTER 22 Sustainability and Renewability of Natural Resources, and Implications for Forest Management

597

(12)

22.1 Introduction

597

(1)

22.2 Renewability of Resources

597

(2)

22.3 The Nature of a Material Resource

599

(2)

22.4 How Does Our Use of Material Resources Affect Their Renewability?

601

(1)

22.5 Timber Mining Versus Sustained Yield Management Versus Sustainable Ecosystem Management

601

(1)

22.6 Sustainability and the Concept of Ecological Rotation

602

(3)

22.7 Nonrenewable Aspects of the Forest Ecosystem

605

(2)

Summary

607

(1)

Take-Home Message

607

(1)

Study Questions

607

(2)

CHAPTER 23 Ecology and Environmental Ethics in Forestry

609

GLOSSARY G-1

APPENDIX A: SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF PLANTS AP-1

APPENDIX B: SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF ANIMALS AP-5

REFERENCES CITED R-1

INDEX I-1

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Forest Ecology

Forest Ecology

9780130662583

0130662585

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Forest Ecology

Forest Ecology

9780130662583

0130662585

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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