This book bridges probabilistic risk assessment methodologies, including Monte Carlo and Bayesian, and practical application of these techniques to support food safety decision makers. Focused on a topic of increased international concern (for example, the 2008 e coli outbreak in US and Mexico lettuce), the book illustrates how methods are applied through chapter case studies on contamination in pathogen contamination in leafy greens, mercury contamination in fish, and risks of listeria. Its approach fits in with the 2008 National Research Council guidance on risk assessment.