9780205617753

"Expressways for Writing Scenarios" builds writing, reading, and critical thinking for greater writing success in academic, workplace, and everyday writing scenarios.

Table of Contents

Rhetorical Contents

writing success starts here!

Tabs: Take Charge of Your Learning

Use the Help Features in This Book

Writing Success Tips

Part I Getting Started

Chapter 1 — Writing Success: An Overview

WRITING

What is Good Writing?

The Five Steps in the Writing Process

Generating Ideas

When to Use Which Technique

Organizing Your Ideas

Using an Idea Map to Organize Your Ideas

Writing a First Draft

Student Essay (first draft)

Revising and Rewriting Drafts

Student Essay: Education: The Open Road, Doug Mello

Proofreading Your Final Draft

Benefits of the Five-Step Writing Process

Considering Your Audience and Purpose

Chapter Review and Practice

Internet Activities

Chapter 2 — The Active Reading Process

Reading Actively

Previewing Before Reading

Body Language: Never Be Lied to Again, David J. Lieberman

Reading to Learn: Chapters, Student and Professional Essays, and Professional Essays

Using Idea Maps to Understand Readings

Understanding Difficult Readings

Reading Critically

Building Your Vocabulary Through Reading

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

READING: Saved by the Kindness of a Virtual Stranger, Mark Zelermyer

Getting Reading to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Drawing and Idea Map

Thinking Critically: Asking Critical Questions

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Chapter Review and Practice

Internet Activities

Part II Paragraph Writing Strategies

Chapter 3 — Writing Topic Sentences

WRITING

What Is a Paragraph?

Writing Effective Topic Sentences

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: A Student Essay: What It Means to Live in America, Loi To

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Job Application Letter: Jason McNaught

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading: Stressed Out at the Front, Rod Nordland and Trent T. Gregax

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Immediate Review and Underlining Topic Sentences

Thinking Critically: Discovering the Author’s Purpose

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 1: Sentence Fragments

Internet Activities

Chapter 4 - Developing and Arranging Details

WRITING

Using Relevant and Sufficient Details

Types of Supporting Details

Methods of Arranging Details

Using Specific Words

Using Transitional Words

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay A Look Into the Past, Dan Kerstetler

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Resume Michael Herrara

WRITING ABOUT READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading The Most Hateful Words, AMY TAN

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Recognizing Types of Supporting Details

Thinking Critically: Understanding Figurative Language

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 2: Run-on Sentences

Internet Activities

Chapter 5 - Strategies for Revising

WHAT IS REVISION?

Examining Your Ideas

Consider Your Purpose and Audience

Examine Specific and Vivid Language

Revision Checklist

What is Editing?

Proofreading Checklist

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: A Student Revision:The Muds of Okinawa, Gentry Carlson

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Letter Revision, Mary Cortez

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading Your Player’s Keeper, Gordon Marino

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Drawing Idea Maps

Thinking Critically: Examining Assumptions

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 3: Subject-Verb Agreement

Internet Activities

Part III Essay Writing Strategies

Chapter 6 — Planning and Organizing Your Essay

MOVING FROM PARAGRAPHS TO ESSAYS

What is an Essay?

Assigned Topics

Choosing Your Own Topics

Generating Ideas about Your Topic

Narrowing Your Topic

Planning Your Essay

Grouping Your Ideas to Discover a Thesis Statement

Using Outlining and Mapping

Deciding on an Appropriate Tone

Organizing Your Essay

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Freewriting:Ted Sawchuck

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Cover Letter, Marguerite Morger

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading Facebooking: Social Networks Online, James M. Henslin

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Maps to Understand a Reading

Thinking Critically: Distinguishing Fact and Opinions

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 4: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Internet Activities

Chapter 7 — Drafting and Revising Your Essay

Drafting Your Essay

Writing and Revising Your Thesis Statement

Supporting Your Thesis with Substantial Evidence

Writing a First Draft

Student Essay (first draft)

Use Transitions to Make Connections Among Your Ideas Clear

Writing the Introduction, Conclusion, and Title

Revising: Examining your Ideas

Revising Essay Content and Structure

Editing and Proofreading: Focusing on Clarity and Correctness

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Relationships 2.0: Dating and Relating in the Internet Age:Ted Sawchuck

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Letter of Reference, Samuel Epstein

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading The Forgotten Food, Brian Wansink

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Maps to Understand a Reading

Thinking Critically: Analyzing the Author’s Word Choice

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 5: Pronoun Reference

Internet Activities

Part IV Methods of Development

Chapter 8 - Narration

Understanding Narrative

Writing Narrative Paragraphs

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Writing Narrative Essays

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: Flying Without Wings, Brittany Buck

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Case Report Maria Sanchez

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading The Charwoman, Gordon Parks

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Sequence Maps

Thinking Critically: Understanding Point of View

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 6: Avoiding Shift Errors

Internet Activities

Chapter 9 - Description

UNDERSTANDING DESCRIPTION

What is Descriptive Writing?

Creating a Dominant Impression

Developing and Selecting Sensory Details

Using Descriptive Language

Organizing Details and Using Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Description

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay Unfit, But I Didn’t Know It, Jason Marinaccio

WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Business Letter Sandra Tucillo

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading Obachan, Gail Y. Miyasaki

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Marking Revealing Actions, Descriptions, and Statements

Thinking Critically: Understanding Connotative Language

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 7: Dangling Modifiers

Internet Activities

Chapter 10 - Process

UNDERSTANDING PROCESS

Writing is Process Writing

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Process

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: A Delicious Mexican Treat, Shandrea Mays

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Hiring Policy Document, Jeannie Elsen

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading How Writing a TV Show Works, Winifred Fordham Metz

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Sequence Maps

Thinking Critically: Analyzing Tone

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 8: Misplaced Modifiers

Internet Activities

Chapter 11 - Example

UNDERSTANDING EXAMPLES

What is Example Writing?

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Arranging Your Details

Useful Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Examples

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: The Truth About Welfare in America, Ebtisam Abusamak

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: Advertising Copy

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading “First Big Shocks: MARY PIPHER

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Mapping to Organize an Example Essay

Thinking Critically: Examining Comparisons

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 9: Verb Tense

Internet Activities

Chapter 12 - Classification

Understanding Classification

What is Classification Writing?

Writing About Your Topic Sentence

Useful Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Classification

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay “Label the Behavior–Not the Child” Corrine Roberts

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Work Memo, C. Z. Shleviek

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading The Family, Joseph A. DeVito

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Mapping to Review and Organize Ideas

Thinking Critically: Evaluating an Author’ Credentials

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 10: Coordinate Sentences

Internet Activities

Chapter 13 - Definition

Understanding Definition

What is Definition?

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Useful Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Definition

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: Blogs, Ted Sawchuck

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Business Letter, Paul Queeg

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading “Spyware Defined”

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Mapping to Review and Organize Ideas

Thinking Critically: Examining the Author’s Purpose

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 11: Subordinate Clauses

Internet Activities

Chapter 14 — Comparison and Contrast

Understanding Comparison and Contrast

What Are Comparison and Contrast

Identifying Similarities and Differences

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Organizing Your Paragraph

Useful Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Comparison and Contrast

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: How May I Help You? Frank Trapasso

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Flyer, Alice Witcoff

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading “The Talk of the Sandbox: How Johnny and Suzy’s Playground Chatter Prepares Them for Life at the Office” Deborah Tannen

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using the Three-Column List for Review

Thinking Critically: Identifying and Examining Supporting Evidence

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 12: Parallelism

Internet Activities

Chapter 15 - Cause and Effect

Understanding Cause and Effect

Distinguishing Between Cause and Effect

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Organizing Supporting Details

Useful Transitions

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Cause and Effect

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: Causes of Procrastination, Veronica Evans-Johnson

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: Writing a Speech, Glen Corma

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading Why We Love Bad News, Hara Marano

Getting Ready to Write

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using an Idea Map to Grasp Cause and Effect Relationships

Thinking Critically: Evaluating Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

Revision Checklist

CHAPTER REVIEW AND PRACTICE

Chapter Review

Skill Refresher 13: When to Use Commas

Internet Activities

Chapter 16 - Argument

Understanding Argument

What is Argumentative Writing?

Writing Your Topic Sentence

Supporting Your Position

Applying Your Skills to Essay Writing: Argument

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO: Student Essay: Cigarettes, Anyone? Ebtisam Abusamak

A WORKPLACE SCENARIO: A Petition, Juanita Garcia

WRITING ABOUT A READING

Thinking Before Reading

Reading #1: The Captive Panther, Michael Fox

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Maps to Examine Persuasive Essays

Thinking Critically: Evaluating Persuasive Writing

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Reading

READING #2 Predators on the Prowl, Mark Peyser

Reviewing the Reading

Examining the Reading: Using Idea Maps to Examine Argument Essays

Thinking Critically: Evaluating Alternative Viewpoints

Strengthening Your Vocabulary

Reacting to Ideas: Discussion and Journal Writing

Writing About the Readings

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Skill Refresher 14: Using Colons and Semicolons

Internet Activities

Part V Strategies for Writing Essays

Chapter 17 - Summarizing and Synthesizing Sources

USING SOURCES

Working with Reference Sources

Annotating a Source

Writing a Paraphrase

Writing Summaries

Using Sources to Support Your Ideas

Adding Information from Sources

Synthesizing Sources

Documenting Sources

Avoiding Plagiarism and Cyberplagiarism

Documentation

An Overview of the MLA Style

An ACADEMIC SCENARIO A Student Essay, Some Pros and Cons of Legalizing Drugs, Melinda Lawson

Revision Checklist

Chapter Review and Practice

Internet Activities

Chapter 18 Writing Essay Exams and Competency Tests

UNDERSTANDING EXAMS AND COMPETENCY TESTS

What Are Essay Exams and Competency Tests?

Preparing for Essay Exams

Taking Essay Exams

Writing Your Answer

Competency Tests and Exit Exams

AN ACADEMIC SCENARIO. An Essay Answer, Sarah Evenhardt

Revision Checklist–Essay Exams

Revision Checklist–Competency Tests

Chapter Review and Practice

Internet Activities

Part VI A Multicultural Reader

1. Bok Lived to Tell of Capture, Slavery. MARK MELADY

2. Spanglish Creeps Into Mainstream DEBORAH KING

3. If Hip-Hop Ruled the World AISHA FINCH

4. For My Indian Daughter LEWIS SAWAQUAT

5. In This Arranged Marriage, Love Came Later. SHOBA NARYAN

6. What Did I Love? MARARENA DEL ROCIO HERNANDEZ

Part VII Reviewing the Basics

A Understanding the Parts of Speech

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions

Interjections

B Understanding the Parts of Sentences

Subjects

Predicates

Complements

Basic Sentence Patterns

Expanding the Sentence with Adjectives and Adverbs

Expanding the Sentence with Phrases

Expanding the Sentence with Clauses

Basic Sentence Classifications

C Avoiding Sentence Errors

Sentence Fragments

Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices

Uses of Verb Tenses

Active and Passive Voices

Subjunctive Mood

Subject-Verb Agreement

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Pronoun Reference

Pronoun Case

Correct Adjective and Adverb Use

D Writing Effective Sentences

Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

Shifts in Person, Number, and Verb Tense

Coordination

Subordination

Parallelism

Sentence Variety

Redundancy and Wordiness

Diction

E Using Punctuation Correctly

End Punctuation

Commas

Unnecessary Commas

Colons and Semicolons

Dashes, Parentheses, Hyphens, Apostrophes, Quotation Marks

F Managing Mechanics and Spelling

Capitalization

Abbreviations

Hyphenation and Word Division

Numbers

Suggestions for Improving Spelling

Six Useful Spelling Rules

G Error Correction Exercises

Part VIII ESL Guide for Nonnative Speakers of English

I. VERBS

A. Active Voice Verb Tenses and Related Forms

B. Modal Auxiliaries

C. Nonaction Verbs

D. Passive Voice

II. NOUNS

A. Plural Forms of Regular Verbs

B. Plural Forms of Irregular Verbs

C. Possessive Forms of Nouns

D. Gerunds and Infinitives

III. PRONOUNS

A. Personal Pronouns

B. Indefinite Pronouns

IV. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

A. Some Grammatical Reminders

B. Relative (Adjective) Clauses

V. TRANSITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES

A. Transitions for Contrast

B. Transitions for Equality, Addition, and Similarity

C. Transitions for Time

D. Transitions for Reasons or Purpose

E. Transitions for Results

VI. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS AND

SUBJUNCTIVE VERB FORMS

A. Statements with “If” Clauses

B. Additional Uses of the Subjunctive

VII. WEBSITES FOR ESL STUDENTS

Skill Refresher Answer Key

Text and Art Credits

Index

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Expressways : Writing Scenarios

Expressways : Writing Scenarios

0205617751

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials