Rent 9780205308323 | Experimental Methodology | Christensen, Larry B. @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

An introduction to the basic principles of psychological research (both experimental and non-experimental) with new coverage of qualitative research. Known for its readability, Experimental Methodology is organized so that each chapter focuses on a specific step in the research process. The primary orientation of this text is toward providing instruction in the experimental approach, but an introduction to non-experimental approaches such as ex-post facto research, correlational research, and survey research is provided. Rather than dichotomizing psychological research into descriptive and experimental research, this edition takes the more current approach of using the quantitative and qualitative research dichotomy, presented in Chapter 2. Christensen also contains strong coverage of research ethics. Experimental Methodology can be accompanied by a lab manual.

Preface

What Is Science?

(29)

Learning Objectives

(2)

... MORE

Introduction

(1)

Methods of Acquiring Knowledge

(6)

Science

(3)

Advantage of the Scientific Method

(1)

Characteristics of the Scientific Approach

(5)

Objectives of Science

(2)

Basic Assumptions Underlying Science

(2)

Method versus Technique

(2)

The Role of Theory in Science

(1)

The Role of the Scientist in Science

(5)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(2)

Nonexperimental Research Approaches

(30)

Learning Objectives

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Nonexperimental Quantitative Research

(17)

Qualitative Research

(10)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

The Experimental Research Approach

(16)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Causation

(4)

The Psychological Experiment

(6)

Experimental Research Settings

(4)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation

(24)

Learning Objectives

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Sources of Research Ideas

(4)

Gender Bias in Research Ideas

(1)

Ideas Not Capable of Scientific Investigation

(1)

Review of the Literature

(10)

Feasibility of the Study

(1)

Formulating the Research Problem

(1)

Formulating Hypotheses

(5)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

(2)

Ethics

100

(43)

Learning Objectives

100

(2)

Introduction

102

(1)

Research Ethics: What Are They?

103

(5)

Ethical Dilemmas

108

(5)

Development of the APA Code of Ethics

113

(1)

Ethical Principles

114

(9)

Issues Raised by the Code of Ethics

123

(11)

Ethics of Animal Research

134

(9)

Summary

141

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

142

(1)

Variables Used in Experimentation

143

(27)

Learning Objectives

143

(1)

Introduction

144

(1)

Types of Variables

145

(1)

The Independent Variable

146

(14)

The Dependent Variable

160

(10)

Summary

168

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

169

(1)

Control in Experimentation

170

(25)

Learning Objectives

170

(1)

Introduction

171

(2)

Control of Extraneous Variables

173

(1)

Extraneous Variables to be Controlled

174

(7)

Research Participant and Experimenter Effects to Be Controlled

181

(10)

Sequencing Effect to Be Controlled

191

(1)

Additional Extraneous Variables to Be Held Constant

192

(3)

Summary

193

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

194

(1)

Techniques for Achieving Constancy

195

(36)

Learning Objectives

195

(2)

Introduction

197

(1)

Randomization

197

(6)

Matching

203

(9)

Counterbalancing

212

(6)

Control of Participant Effects

218

(5)

Control of Experimenter Effects

223

(5)

Likelihood of Achieving Control

228

(3)

Summary

228

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

230

(1)

Experimental Research Design

231

(29)

Learning Objectives

231

(2)

Introduction

233

(1)

Faulty Research Design

234

(4)

Requirements of True Research Designs

238

(2)

Pretesting Participants

240

(2)

True Research Designs

242

(14)

Choice of a Research Design

256

(4)

Summary

258

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

259

(1)

Quasi-Experimental Designs

260

(1)

Learning Objectives

260

(2)

Introduction

262

(1)

Nonequivalent Control Group Design

263

(8)

Time-Series Design

271

Summary

276

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

276

Single-Case Research Designs

260

(44)

Learning Objectives

277

(2)

Introduction

279

(2)

Single-Case Designs

281

(1)

A-B-A Design

282

(4)

Interaction Design

286

(4)

Multiple-Baseline Design

290

(4)

Changing-Criterion Design

294

(2)

Methodological Considerations in Using Single-Case Designs

296

(3)

Criteria for Evaluating Change

299

(2)

Rival Hypotheses

301

(3)

Summary

302

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

303

(1)

Data Collection

304

(21)

Learning Objectives

304

(2)

Introduction

306

(1)

Research Participants

306

(3)

Sample Size

309

(2)

Apparatus

311

(3)

Instructions

314

(1)

Scheduling of Research Participants

314

(1)

Procedure

315

(2)

Institutional Approval

317

(1)

Data Collection

318

(1)

Consent to Participate

318

(2)

Debriefing, or Postexperimental Interview

320

(5)

Summary

323

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

324

(1)

Hypothesis Testing

325

(33)

Learning Objectives

325

(2)

Introduction

327

(1)

Testing the Hypothesis

328

(1)

The Mean

329

(1)

Standard Deviation

330

(2)

Selection of a Statistical Test

332

(2)

Independent Samples t-Test

334

(1)

Significance Level

335

(3)

Analysis of Variance

338

(16)

Potential Errors in the Statistical Decision-Making Process

354

(4)

Summary

356

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

357

(1)

External Validity

358

(18)

Learning Objectives

358

(2)

Introduction

360

(1)

Population Validity

360

(4)

Ecological Validity

364

(3)

Temporal Validity

367

(3)

Relationship Between Internal and External Validity

370

(1)

Cautions in Evaluating the External Validity of Experiments

371

(5)

Summary

374

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

375

(1)

The Research Report

376

(43)

Learning Objectives

376

(1)

Introduction

377

(2)

The APA Format

379

(28)

Preparation of the Research Report

407

(12)

Appendixes

419

(6)

References

425

(20)

Index

445

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Experimental Methodology

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