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Experimental Methodology (7th Ed)

ISBN: 9780205263653 | 0205263658
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: PRENTICE HALL PTR
Pub. Date: 12/1/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
Designed for courses in research methods, experimental methods, and methodology. This new edition retains an approach that details the research process and focuses on methodology. This text is organized so that each chapter focuses on a specific step in the research process. Taking advantage of current technology and media, the author has incorporated treatment of the Internet's role in research and uses examples such as the O.J. Simpson trial to bring the text to life. This text takes the diverse topic of methodology and clearly and logically presents it with the accessible and engaging style that has made this book a bestseller in its field for years.
Prefacexi
CHAPTER 1 What Is Science?
1(42)
Learning Objectives
1(2)
... MOREIntroduction
3(2)
Methods of Acquiring Knowledge
5(8)
Science
13(5)
Reality and the Scientific Research Process
18(1)
Advantage of the Scientific Method
19(1)
Characteristics of the Scientific Approach
20(6)
Objectives of Science
26(3)
Basic Assumption Underlying Science
29(2)
Method versus Technique
31(3)
The Role of Theory in Science
34(1)
The Role of the Scientist in Science
35(3)
Summary
38(2)
Study Questions
40(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
41(2)
CHAPTER 2 Descriptive Research Approaches
43(32)
Learning Objectives
43(2)
Introduction
45(1)
Secondary Records
46(3)
Naturalistic Observation
49(2)
Case Study
51(2)
Correlational Study
53(2)
Ex Post Facto Study
55(2)
Longitudinal Study and Cross-Sectional Study
57(3)
The Survey
60(8)
Participant Observation
68(2)
Meta Analysis
70(2)
Summary
72(1)
Study Questions
72(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
73(2)
CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Research Approach
75(24)
Learning Objectives
75(2)
Introduction
77(1)
Causation
77(6)
The Psychological Experiment
83(9)
Experimental Research Settings
92(4)
Summary
96(1)
Study Questions
97(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
97(2)
CHAPTER 4 Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation
99(26)
Learning Objectives
99(2)
Introduction
101(1)
Sources of Research Ideas
101(6)
Gender Bias in Research Ideas
107(1)
Ideas Not Capable of Scientific Investigation
108(1)
Review of the Literature
108(8)
Feasibility of the Study
116(1)
Formulating the Research Problem
117(3)
Formulating Hypotheses
120(2)
Summary
122(2)
Study Questions
124(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
124(1)
CHAPTER 5 Ethics
125(64)
Learning Objectives
125(3)
Introduction
128(1)
Research Ethics: What Are They?
129(9)
Ethical Dilemmas
138(7)
Development of the APA Code of Ethics
145(2)
Background of the Development of the APA Code of Ethics
147(2)
Ethical Principles
149(11)
Possible Consequences of Adopting the APA Code of Ethics
160(16)
Ethics of Animal Research
176(10)
Summary
186(1)
Study Questions
187(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
188(1)
CHAPTER 6 Variables Used in Experimentation
189(38)
Learning Objectives
189(2)
Introduction
191(1)
Types of Variables
192(1)
The Independent Variable
193(20)
The Dependent Variable
213(10)
Summary
223(1)
Study Questions
224(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
225(2)
CHAPTER 7 Control in Experimentation
227(34)
Learning Objectives
227(2)
Introduction
229(1)
Control of Extraneous Variables
230(2)
Extraneous Variables to Be Controlled
232(8)
Research Participant and Experimenter Effects to Be Controlled
240(15)
Sequencing Effect to Be Controlled
255(1)
Additional Extraneous Variables to Be Held Constant
256(1)
Summary
257(1)
Study Questions
258(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
258(3)
CHAPTER 8 Techniques for Achieving Constancy
261(48)
Learning Objectives
261(2)
Introduction
263(1)
Randomization
264(9)
Matching
273(10)
Counterbalancing
283(8)
Control of Participant Effects
291(6)
Control of Experimenter Effects
297(7)
Likelihood of Achieving Control
304(1)
Summary
304(2)
Study Questions Key Terms and Concepts
258(3)
CHAPTER 9 Experimental Research Design
309(38)
Learning Objectives
309(2)
Introduction
311(2)
Faulty Research Design
313(4)
Requirements of True Research Designs
317(3)
Pretesting Participants
320(3)
True Research Designs
323(18)
Choice of a Research Design
341(2)
Summary
343(1)
Study Questions
344(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
344(3)
CHAPTER 10 Quasi-Experimental Designs
347(24)
Learning Objectives
347(2)
Introduction
349(1)
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
350(10)
Time-Series Design
360(8)
Summary
368(1)
Study Questions
368(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
369(2)
CHAPTER 11 Single-Participant Research Designs
371(38)
Learning Objectives
371(2)
Introduction
373(2)
Single-Participant Designs
375(2)
A-B-A Design
377(6)
Interaction Design
383(5)
Multiple-Baseline Design
388(4)
Changing-Criterion Design
392(3)
Methodological Considerations in Using Single-Participant Designs
395(3)
Criteria for Evaluating Change
398(3)
Rival Hypotheses
401(1)
Using Multisubject or Single-Participant Designs
402(3)
Summary
405(2)
Study Questions
407(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
407(2)
CHAPTER 12 Data Collection
409(28)
Learning Objectives
409(2)
Introduction
411(1)
Research Participants
411(5)
Sample Size
416(3)
Apparatus
419(2)
Instructions
421(1)
Scheduling of Research Participants
422(1)
Procedure
423(2)
Institutional Approval
425(2)
Data Collection
427(1)
Informed Consent
427(2)
Debriefing, or Postexperimental Review
429(5)
Summary
434(1)
Study Questions
435(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
435(2)
CHAPTER 13 Hypothesis Testing
437(38)
Learning Objectives
437(2)
Introduction
439(1)
Testing the Hypothesis
440(2)
The Mean
442(1)
Standard Deviation
443(3)
Selection of a Statistical Test
446(2)
Independent Samples t-Test
448(1)
Significance Level
449(3)
Analysis of Variance
452(18)
Potential Errors in the Statistical Decision-Making Process
470(1)
Summary
471(2)
Study Questions
473(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
473(2)
CHAPTER 14 External Validity
475(24)
Learning Objectives
475(2)
Introduction
477(1)
Population Validity
478(5)
Ecological Validity
483(4)
Temporal Validity
487(3)
Relationship Between Internal and External Validity
490(1)
Cautions in Evaluating the External Validity of Experiments
491(4)
Summary
495(2)
Study Questions
497(1)
Key Terms and Concepts
497(2)
CHAPTER 15 The Research Report
499(50)
Learning Objectives
499(1)
Introduction
500(2)
The APA Format
502(32)
Preparation of the Research Report
534(15)
Appendixes549(6)
References555(26)
Index581

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