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Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

by: Lunsford, Andrea; Ruskiewicz, John; Ruszkiewicz, John J.; Walters, Keith

Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

by: Lunsford, Andrea; Ruskiewicz, John; Ruszkiewicz, John J.; Walters, Keith

ISBN 13:
9780312250348
ISBN 10:
0312250347
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/01/2000
Publisher: Bedford/st Martins
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Preface

PART 1 INTRODUCTION ARGUMENT

(46)

Everything Is an Argument

(19)

Argument isn't just about winning

(2)

Arguments to Inform

(1)

Arguments to Convince

(1)

Arguments to Explore

(1)

Arguments to Make Decisions

(1)

Arguments to Meditate or Pray

(1)

Occasions for Argument

(1)

Arguments about the Past

(1)

Arguments about the Future

(1)

Arguments about the Present

(1)

Kinds of Argument

(2)

Arguments of Fact--Did Something Happen?

(1)

Arguments of Definition--What is the Naute of the Thing?

(1)

Arguments of Evaluation--What is the Quality of the Thing?

(1)

Proposal Arguments--What Actions Should Be Taken?

(2)

Cultural Contexts for Arguments

(1)

Is Everthing an Argument?

(3)

Respond

(3)

Reading and Writing Arguments

(15)

Connecting As Reader or Writer

(3)

Understanding Lines of Argument

(1)

Arguments from the Heart

(1)

Arguments Based on Values

(1)

Arguments Based on Character

(1)

Arguments Based on Facts and Reason

(1)

Making A Claim

(2)

Giving An Argument Shape

(1)

Giving An Argument Style

(1)

Managing the Conventions of Argument

(3)

Respond

(2)

Readers and Contexts Count

(10)

Mappingf the Territory of Readers

(2)

Establishing Credibility

(1)

Demonstrate Knowledge

(1)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

(1)

Highlight Shared Values

(1)

Refer to Common Experiences

(1)

Build Commonm Ground

(1)

Respect Readers

(1)

Thinking About Readers

(3)

Respond

(2)

PART 2 LINES OF ARGUMENT

(42)

Arguments from the Heart

(8)

Understanding How Emotional Arguments Work

(1)

Using Emotions to Build Bridges

(2)

Using Emotions to Sustain an Argument

(2)

Using Humor

(3)

Respond

(2)

Arguments Based on Values

(7)

Understanding How Values Arguments Work

(1)

Using Values to Define

(1)

Embracing or Rejecting Values

(1)

Comparing Values

(4)

Respond

(2)

Arguments Based on Character

(9)

Understanding How Arguments Based on Character Work

(1)

Claiming Authority

(3)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

(1)

Establishing Credibility

(4)

Respond

(2)

Arguments Based on Facts and Reason

(16)

Inartistic Arguments

(1)

Facts and Evidence

(2)

Statistics

(1)

Surveys, Polls, and Studies

(2)

Testimonies, Reports, and Interviews

(2)

Artistic Appeals

(1)

Cultural Assumptions

(1)

Other Artistic Appeals

(5)

Respond

(3)

PART 3 WRITING ARGUMENTS

(148)

Structuring Arguments

(18)

Toulmin Argument

(1)

Making Claims

(2)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

(1)

Attaching Reasons

(1)

Determining Warrants

(4)

Offering Evidence: Backing and Grounds

(3)

Using Qualifiers

102

(1)

Understanding Conditions of Rebuttal

103

(2)

Beyond Toulmin

105

(4)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

106

(1)

Respond

106

(3)

Arguments of Definition

109

(26)

Understanding Arguments of Definition

110

(1)

Characterizing Definition

111

(1)

Formal Definitions

112

(1)

Operational Definitions

112

(1)

Definitions by Example

113

(1)

Other Issues of Definition

114

(1)

Developing A Definitional Argument

114

(1)

Formulating Claims

115

(2)

Crafting Definitions

117

(2)

Matching Claims to Definitions

119

(1)

Key Features of Definitional Arguments

120

(9)

Guide to Writing an Argument of Definition

122

(5)

Respond

127

(2)

Two Sample Arguments of Definition

129

(6)

Michael Kingston, Creating a Criminal

129

(3)

Gretel Ehrlich, About Men

132

(3)

Evaluations

135

(26)

Understanding Evaluations

136

(2)

Characterizing Evaluation

138

(1)

Quantitative Evaluations

139

(1)

Qualitative Evaluations

140

(1)

Developing An Evaluative Argument

141

(1)

Formulating Criteria

142

(2)

Making Claims

144

(1)

Presenting Evidence

145

(1)

Key Features of Evaluations

146

(8)

Guide to Writing an Evaluation

147

(5)

Respond

152

(2)

Two Sample Evaluations

154

(7)

Ben McCorkle, The Simpsons: A Mirror of Society

154

(2)

Larissa MacFarquhar, Who Cares If Johnny Can't Read?

156

(5)

Causal Arguments

161

(29)

Understanding Causal Arguments

162

(3)

Characterizing Causal Arguments

165

(1)

Developing Causal Arguments

166

(1)

Formulating a Claim

166

(1)

Developing the Argument

167

(5)

Key Features of Causal Arguments

172

(8)

Guide to Writing A Causal Argument

173

(5)

Respond

178

(2)

Two Sample Causal Arguments

180

(10)

La Donna Beaty, What Makes a Serial Killer?

180

(7)

Lester C. Thurow, Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men

187

(3)

Proposals

190

(25)

Understanding and Categorizing Proposals

191

(1)

Charaterizing Proposals

192

(1)

Developing Proposals

193

(1)

Making a Strong and Clear Claim

194

(1)

Relating the Claim to a Need or Problem

194

(2)

Showing That the Proposal Addresses the Need or Problem

196

(1)

Showing That the Proposal is Feasible

197

(1)

Using Personal Experience

197

(1)

Key Features of Proposals

198

(1)

Considering Design

198

(9)

Guide to Writing a Proposal

200

(5)

Respond

205

(2)

Two Sample Proposals

207

(8)

Brent Knutson, Auto Liberation

207

(6)

Denn is Baron, Don't Make English Official--Ban It Instead

213

(2)

Humorous Argument

215

(22)

Understanding Humor as Argument

216

(3)

Characterizing Kinds of Humor

219

(1)

Humor

219

Satire

221

(223)

Parody

223

(1)

Signifying

223

(1)

Developing Humorous Arguments

224

(1)

Key Features of Humorous Arguments

225

(7)

Guide to Writing a Humorous Argument

227

(4)

Respond

231

(1)

Two Sample Humorous Arguments

232

(5)

Kirsten Dockendroff, The Road to Acme Looniversity

232

(3)

DaveBarry, A Look at Sports Nuts--And We Do Mean Nuts

235

(2)

PART 4 STYLISH ARGUMENT

237

(58)

Figurative Language and Argument

239

(12)

Tropes

242

(1)

Metaphor

242

(1)

Simile

242

(1)

Analogy

243

(1)

Other Tropes

244

(2)

Schemes

246

(2)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

247

(1)

Dangers of Unduly Slanted Language

248

(3)

Respond

249

(2)

Visual Arguments

251

(21)

The Power of Visual Arguments

252

(2)

Happing the Message

254

(1)

Achieving Visual Literacy

255

(3)

Analyzing Visual Elements of Arguments

258

(3)

Using Visuals in Your own Arguments

261

(1)

Visual Arguments Based on Character

261

(3)

Visual Arguments Based on Facts and Reason

264

(3)

Visual Arguments That Appeal to Emotion

267

(5)

Respond

270

(2)

Arguments in Electronic Environments

272

(13)

Email and Discussions Groups

274

(1)

274

(1)

Usenet Newsgroups and Listservs

275

(2)

Real-Time Communication: IRCs and Moos

277

(1)

IRCs

277

(1)

MOOs

278

(1)

Web Sites

279

(3)

Key Points to Remember in Arguing Electronically

282

(3)

Respond

283

(2)

Spoken Arguments

285

(10)

Contexts for Spoken Arguments

286

(1)

Formal Presentations

286

(1)

Arguments to Be Heard

287

(1)

Introductions and Conclusions

287

(1)

Structres and Signposts

288

(1)

Diction and Syntax

288

(2)

Arguments to be Remembered

290

(1)

Repetition, Parallelism, and Climactic Order

290

(1)

The Role of Visuals

291

(1)

The Imporatance of Delivery

292

(2)

Some Helpful Presentation Strategies

294

(1)

Respond

294

(1)

Part 5 CONVENTIONS OF ARGUMENT

295

(74)

What Counts as Evidence

297

(15)

Evidence and the Rhetorical Situation

298

(1)

Firsthand Evidence

299

(1)

Observations

300

(1)

Interviews

301

(1)

Surveys and Questionnaires

302

(1)

Experiments

303

(1)

Personal Experience

304

(1)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

305

(1)

Secondhand Evidence

305

(1)

Library Sources

305

(1)

Online Sources

306

(2)

Using Evidence Effectivity

308

(1)

Considering Audiences

308

(1)

Building a Critical Mass

308

(1)

Arranging Evidence

309

(3)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

309

(1)

Respond

310

(2)

Fallacies of Argument

312

(14)

Fallacies of Fmotional Argument

313

(1)

Scare Tactics

314

(1)

Either-Or Choices

314

(1)

Slippery Slope

315

(1)

Sentimental Appeals

316

(1)

Bandwagon Appeals

316

(1)

Fallacies of Ethical Argument

317

(1)

Appeals to False Athority

317

(1)

Dogmatism

318

(1)

Moral Equivalence

319

(1)

Ad Hominem Arguments

319

(1)

Fallacies of Logical Argument

320

(1)

Hasty Generalization

320

(1)

Faulty Causality

321

(1)

Begging the Question

321

(1)

Equivocation

322

(1)

Non Sequitur

323

(1)

Faulty Analogy

324

(2)

Respond

324

(2)

Intellectual Proptery

326

(8)

Recognizing Plagiarism

328

(1)

Cultural Contexts for Argument

328

(1)

Acknowledging Your use of Sources

329

(1)

Acknowledging Collaboration

329

(1)

Using Copyrighted Internet Sources

330

(2)

Crediting Sources in Arguments

332

(2)

Respond

332

(2)

Assessing and Using Sources

334

(8)

Assessing Sources

334

(1)

Print Sources

334

(1)

Electronic Sources

335

(1)

Field Research

336

(1)

Using Sources

337

(1)

Signal Words and Introductions

337

(1)

Quotations

338

(1)

Paraphrases

339

(1)

Summaries

340

(2)

Respond

340

(2)

Documenting Sources

342

(27)

MLA Style

343

(1)

In-Text Citations

343

(4)

Explanatory and Bibliographic Notes

347

(1)

List of Works Cited

347

(10)

APA Style

357

(1)

In-Text Citations

357

(2)

Content Notes

359

(1)

List of References

360

(9)

Respond

367

(2)

PART 6 ARGUMENTS

369

(390)

Mirror, Mirror . . . Images and the Media

371

(65)

Stereotypes in Media and Pop Culture

373

(2)

What are the implications of a bilingual Chihuahua selling tacos? Of Jar Jar Binks having dreads? Of the fact that father rarely knows best on TV sitcoms? This cluster of arguments invites you to decide whether media stereotypes matter and why.

Fu Manchu on Naboo

375

(4)

John Leo

Able to Laugh at Their People, Not Just Cry for Them

379

(4)

James Sterngold

The Exaggeration of Despair

383

(2)

Sherman Alexie

Sitcom Dads Rarely Know Best, Study of TV Laments

385

(3)

John Levesque

Shot on Ethnic Grounds and Side Streets

388

(3)

John Anderson

Taco Bell and Latino Stereotypes

391

(4)

Maria Martin

Who's the Fairest of Them All?

395

(2)

If the media function as a mirror that reflects ``the fairest of us all,'' what sorts of bodies appear there what sorts don't, and what might the consequences of this situation be?

It Begins

397

(1)

P. Byrnes

Study Finds TV Alters Fiji Girls' View of Body

398

(3)

Erica Goode

The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji

401

(3)

Ellen Goodman

``Peopl of Size'' Gather to Promote Fat Acceptance

404

(4)

Carey Goldberg

One Picture Is Worth a Thousand Diets

408

(8)

W. Charisse Goodman

Cutting Edge

416

(6)

Janice Turner

Men Seeking Cosmetic Surgery: Two Women Give Their Views

Why Shouldn't the Epidermally Challenged Get Help?

422

(3)

Angela Neustatter

Men Should Have Better Things to Do

422

(3)

Louisa Young

Suck Out Your Gut

425

(3)

Sandy Naiman

Turning Boys into Girls

428

(4)

Michelle Cottle

Selling Men's Underwear across the Decades

432

(4)

What's Public? What's Private?

436

(42)

Point/Counterpoint: They Know What You're Buying

Point: Internet Target Marketing Threatens Consumer Privacy

438

(4)

Russ Cobb

Counterpoint: Paranoid Privacy Hawks Don't Realize How Good they've Got It

Rohn Wynar

Divinity and Pornography

442

(6)

Dennis Prager

Stripped of More than My Clothes

448

(3)

Daria MonDesire

Bumper-Sticker Bravado

451

(3)

Michael Perry

Who's Watching?

454

(2)

A cluster of arguments looking at how Americans decry the loss of privacy even as we become more exhibitionistic and voyeuristic than ever. What's the URL for your webcam?

Look at Me! Leave Me Alone!

456

(8)

Joshua Gamson

Why I Star in My Own Truman Show

464

(3)

Jennifer Ringley

My Taxicab Confession

467

(4)

Jennifer Felten

Here Comes the Bride

471

(2)

Cathy Guisewite

The Accountability Matrix

473

(5)

David Brin

Time Off, Time Out

478

(57)

Grappling with the Implications of Title IX

480

(2)

What has Title IX achieved and not achieved with regard to gender equity in college sports? This cluster of arguments makes clear the final score is not yet in.

The Joy of Women's Sports

482

(7)

Ruth Conniff

Colleges Consider Fairness of Cutting Men's Teams to Comply with Title IX

489

(5)

Welch Suggs

Dropping Men's Teams to Comply with Title IX

494

(3)

Peter Monaghan

Preferences for Women Hurting Athletic Programs for Males

497

(5)

Kate O'Bierne

Despite the Positive Rhetoric about Women's Sports, Female Athletes Face a Culture of Sexual Harassment

502

(4)

Leslie Heywood

Four Cartoons About the Women's World Cup

I Take It We Got the Account

506

(1)

Marisa Acocella

Funny How You Had No Interest Until. . .

506

(1)

Chris Britt

That's Right--Get Used to It.

507

(1)

Gary Markstein

Scott Stantis, Goal!

507

(2)

Havin' a Good Time, or Just Chasin' the Benjamins?

509

(2)

What is the role of profit in movies, TVm and college athletics? Does it matter that companies pay to have their products appear in a moive? When college sports are ``sold,'' who profits--and does anyone lose?

Product Placement in Movies--Is It Really So Bad?

511

(2)

Shinan Govani

Getting Product Placed in Film and TV

513

(6)

Julia Fein Azoulay

Bad as They Wanna Be

519

(7)

Thad Williamson

The Cost of Hoop Dreams

526

(3)

William Hytche

Business Postures to Name New Team

529

(2)

Becky Yerak

X Games

531

(4)

Neva Chonin

Who Owns What?

535

(42)

Who Owns the Body and Its Parts?

537

(2)

Have you ever thought of your body as property--or considered that your genes, embryos, organs, and remains can be bought, sold, patented, and traded? As this cluster of readings makes clear, the question of who owns the body is anything but simple.

Lambs to the Gene Market

539

(7)

John Vidual

John Carvel

Weighing the Right to Own an Embryo

546

(4)

Mike McKee

Plan Would Alter Region for Organ Sharing

550

(3)

Steven Walters

Marilynn Marchione

Straits Times (Singapore), Organ Donor Drive by Muslim Group

553

(3)

A Long Journey Home

556

(3)

James Bandler

Ancestors Return Home

559

(3)

Miguel Navrot

Who Owns Words?

562

(2)

Can words and ideas be``owned''? If so. who owns ``I Have a Dream''? And how do you feel knowing that someone else could own your next good idea?

Who Will Own Your Next Good Idea?

564

(6)

Charles C. Mann

Intellectual Property in April 2000

570

(1)

Jack Ziegler

Areuing about the Ownership of ``I Have a Dream''

571

(6)

King's Speech

571

(2)

Bill Rankin

Kings Don't Own Words

573

(1)

Margaret Curtis

Who Owns Dr. King's Words?

574

(1)

Ellen Goodman

Promoting an Extreme Case of Sharing

575

(2)

Thomas Burnett

Language (s) and Identities

577

(52)

Chicago Women's Club, Pledge for Children

579

(2)

If Only We All Spoke Two Languages

581

(3)

Ariel Dorfman

Mute in an English-Only World

584

(5)

Change-rae Lee

Mother Tongue

589

(6)

Amy Tan

Teachers' Classroom Strategies Should Recognize That Men and Women Use Language Differently

595

(7)

Deborah Tannen

Hip Unchecked

602

(2)

Steve Rushin

The Ebonics Debates

604

(2)

What should the recent Ebonics debates teach us about language and identitynot just that of African Americans, but of all of us? As this cluster of readings demonstrates, matters of language and identity are inseparable.

Two Cartoons about the Ebonics Debates

Standard English/Ebonics

606

(1)

Chris Britt

A New Ghetto

607

(1)

Jim Borgman

Say What? Watch Your Language

608

(3)

James Hill

Office Jargon: Language or Dialect?

611

(2)

Ted Rall

Defining Who We Are in Society

613

(5)

David D. Troutt

I Has a Dream

618

(2)

Suite for Ebony and Phonics

620

(7)

John Rickford

Sho 'Nuff

627

(2)

Garry Trudeau

Beliefs and Stances

629

(65)

Religious Beliefs in the Public Arena

631

(2)

It's clear that many Americans understand the First Amendment to guarantee freedom of religion--not freedom from religion. But whatroles should faith and religious belief play in American public life?

Non Sequitur: Complete Tolerance

633

(2)

Wiley Miller

Join Hands across the Divide of Faith

635

(4)

Cardinal Francis Arinze

A Little Matter of Faith

639

(2)

Leonard Pitts

Four B.C. Cartoons with a Christian Theme

641

(3)

Johnny Hart

A Hindu Renaissance

644

(5)

Deborah Kovach Caldwell

An Open Letter to My Christian Friends

649

(5)

Ed Madden

Journey toward Wholeness: Reflections of a Lesbian Rabbi

654

(7)

La Escondida

Me? Apologize for Slavery?

661

(5)

Gordon Marino

this cluster of arguments considers whether the views of conservatives can he heard on American campuses today.

666

(5)

Martin Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream

Free Speech on Campus: Can Conservative Views Be Heard?

671

(2)

By examining in detail the night Ward Connerly was shouted down on one college campus

Anticipating Ward Connerly's Visit

Connerly Is an Enemy of Civil Rights

673

(1)

Carl Villarreal

Daily Texan Editors, Free Speech for Both Sides

673

(4)

Connerly Booed at Talk

677

(3)

Laura Offenbacher

What Happened?

Daily Texan Editors, Waste of Time

680

(1)

Nothing Gained without Respect

680

(4)

Brian Winter

Daily Texan Readers Respond

Poor Discourse

684

(1)

Michael Lebold

Hey AROC You Can't Hide

684

(1)

Donny Lucas

AROC Responds

685

(1)

David Hill

Disclaimer

685

(1)

M. Michael Sharlot

No Insight

685

(2)

Adam Dick

How Leftists ``Debate''

687

(3)

Jeff Jacoby

News from the Ladies' Room

690

(4)

Megan Elizabeth Murray

Technology Redefining the Meaning of Life

694

(65)

Conception and Birth

696

(2)

$50,000 for eggs from a tall athletic coed with high SATs? This cluster of arguments examines some of the ways technology is changing the terms of public debates and private decisions about matters of conception and birth.

Women's Capital Corporation, If Plan A Fails, Go to Plan B

698

(2)

Two Ads Soliciting Egg Donors

700

(2)

$50,000 Offered to Tall, Smart Egg Donor

702

(3)

Gina Kolata

An Ad for Smart Eggs Spawns Ethics Uproar

705

(2)

David Lefer

New Technology Allows Couples to Choose Gender of Child

707

(5)

Bob Edwards

Christopher Joyce

Death and Dying

712

(2)

What does it mean to die with dignity in light of technological advances in medicine and social movements encouraging hospice care or some form of physician-assisted suicide as alternatives to the biomedical model of dying?

The Good Death

714

(9)

Marilyn Webb

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legalized? Yes!

723

(6)

Faye Girsh

Hospice, Not Hemlock

729

(7)

Joe Loconte

The Long Goodbye

736

(10)

Alicia Shepard

Evening Lasting as Long as Life

746

(3)

Cyrus Cassells

The Oregon Death with Dignity Act

749

(10)

Glossary

759

(14)

Index

773

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Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

9780312250348

0312250347

Table of Contents

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Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

Everythings an Argument With Readings: With Readings

9780312250348

0312250347

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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