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Evaluating Research In Communicative Disorders

ISBN: 9780205449613 | 0205449611
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2011

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SummaryTable of Contents
The Fifth Edition of Evaluating Research in Communicative Disorders explains and discusses how to read, understand, and evaluate research published in communicative sciences and disorders journals. This text is organized into three parts. Part I introduces the basic principles for evaluating research, Part II contains excerpts from journal articles, and Part III presents two complete articles and an evaluation checklist to guide the student in the evaluation process. Numerous examples from current research are incorporated into the text to illu... MORE
Prefacexiii
PART I Basic Considerations in Evaluating Research
1(214)
Overview
1(2)
... MORE
References
3(2)
The Consumer of Research in Communicative Disorders
5(20)
Research-Practice Relationships in Communicative Disorders
6(5)
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
8(1)
Knowledge Acquisition
9(2)
Scientific Method
11(2)
Theory Construction in Behavioral Science
13(1)
Common Steps in Behavioral Science Research
14(3)
Statement of the Problem
14(1)
Method of Investigation
15(1)
Results of Investigation
15(1)
Conclusions
16(1)
The Nature of Research in Communicative Disorders
17(1)
Research Ethics
18(1)
The Editorial Process in the Publication of a Research Article
19(1)
Some Myths and a Caveat
20(2)
Study Questions
22(1)
References
23(2)
Research Strategies in Communicative Disorders
25(57)
Variables in Empirical Research
25(7)
Independent and Dependent Variables
26(3)
Active and Attribute Variables
29(1)
Continuous and Categorical Variables
30(2)
Experimental Research
32(16)
Bivalent Experiments
33(4)
Multivalent Experiments
37(3)
Parametric Experiments
40(8)
Descriptive Research
48(23)
Comparative Research
51(7)
Developmental Research
58(6)
Correlational Research
64(4)
Survey Research
68(1)
Retrospective Research
69(2)
Combined Experimental and Descriptive Research
71(6)
Study Questions
77(2)
References
79(3)
Research Design in Communicative Disorders
82(27)
Meaning of Research Design
82(1)
Purposes of Research Design
83(1)
General Research Design Principles
84(1)
Group Research Designs
84(10)
Between-Subjects Designs
84(7)
Within-Subjects Designs
91(2)
Mixed Designs
93(1)
Single-Subject Research Designs
94(5)
External Validity Issues in Research Design
99(7)
Study Questions
106(2)
References
108(1)
Measurement Issues in Communicative Disorders Research
109(22)
Definition of Measurement
111(1)
Levels of Measurement
112(3)
Nominal Level of Measurement
112(2)
Ordinal Level of Measurement
114(1)
Interval Level of Measurement
114(1)
Ratio Level of Measurement
115(1)
Factors That Affect Quality of Measurement
115(3)
Test Environment
116(1)
Instrument Calibration
116(1)
Instructions to Participants
116(1)
Observer Bias
117(1)
Reliability of Measurements
118(6)
Stability
120(1)
Equivalence
120(1)
Internal Consistency
121(3)
Validity of Measurements
124(3)
Content Validity
124(1)
Criterion Validity
125(1)
Construct Validity
126(1)
Study Questions
127(2)
References
129(2)
Evaluating Treatment Efficacy Research
131(40)
Internal Validity and Factors That Affect It
139(7)
History
140(1)
Maturation
140(1)
Reactive Pretest
141(1)
Instrumentation
142(1)
Statistical Regression
143(1)
Differential Subject-Selection
144(1)
Mortality
144(1)
Interaction of Factors
145(1)
External Validity and Factors That Affect It
146(3)
Subject-Selection
146(1)
Interactive Pretest
147(1)
Reactive Arrangements
148(1)
Multiple-Treatment Interference
149(1)
Evaluation of Some Experimental Designs for Studying Treatment Efficacy
149(17)
Weak Designs
149(4)
Stronger Designs
153(7)
Meta-Analysis of Treatment Efficacy Research
160(2)
Ethics of Using Control Groups in Treatment Efficacy Research
162(2)
Protection of Human Participants in Research
164(2)
Study Questions
166(2)
References
168(3)
Organization and Analysis of Data
171(44)
Data Organization
172(9)
Data Distributions
172(1)
Tabular and Graphic Presentation
172(6)
Summary Statistics
178(3)
Data Analysis
181(30)
Basic Concepts of Data Analysis
181(7)
Methods for Analyzing Relationships
188(8)
Methods for Analyzing Differences
196(13)
Effect Size and the Power of Statistical Tests (Power Analysis)
209(2)
Study Questions
211(2)
References
213(2)
PART II Evaluation of the Components of a Research Article
215(190)
Overview
215(1)
Reference
216(1)
The Introduction Section of the Research Article
217(22)
Title of the Article
217(2)
The Abstract
219(1)
General Statement of the Problem
220(2)
The Rationale for the Study
222(9)
Review of the Literature
231(1)
Statement of Purpose, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
232(5)
Miscellaneous Considerations
237(1)
Evaluation Checklist
238(1)
Reference
238(1)
The Method Section
239(76)
Participants
239(8)
Sample Size
240(3)
Criteria for Participant Selection
243(4)
Materials
247(27)
Hardware Instrumentation and Calibration
248(8)
Reliability and Validity of Behavioral Instruments
256(8)
Other Measurement Considerations
264(10)
Procedures
274(37)
Within-Subjects Experimental Design
277(1)
Between-Subjects Experimental Design
278(4)
Mixed (Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects) Design
282(3)
Within-Subjects Time-Series Experiment
285(7)
Between-Subjects Comparative Research
292(5)
Developmental Research
297(7)
Correlational Research
304(1)
Retrospective Research
304(1)
Survey Research
304(7)
Evaluation Checklist
311(2)
References
313(2)
The Results Section
315(64)
Organization of Results
315(15)
Frequency Distribution: Tabular and Graphic Presentations
315(10)
Summary Statistics: Central Tendency and Variability
325(5)
Some Characteristics of Clear Data Organization
330(4)
Analysis of Data
334(41)
Correlational Analysis
335(14)
Analysis of Differences
349(26)
Some Characteristics of Clear Data Analysis
375(2)
Evaluation Checklist
377(1)
References
378(1)
The Discussion and Conclusions Section
379(26)
Relationship of Conclusions to Preceding Parts of the Article
379(5)
The Research Problem
379(1)
The Method of Investigation
380(1)
The Results of the Investigation
381(3)
Relationship of Results to Previous Research
384(6)
Theoretical Implications of the Research
390(5)
Practical Implications of the Research
395(1)
Implications for Future Research
396(7)
Evaluation Checklist
403(2)
PART III Evaluation of the Complete Research Article: Two Examples
405(6)
Overview
405(1)
Evaluation Checklist---Introduction
406(1)
Evaluation Checklist---Method
406(2)
Evaluation Checklist---Results
408(1)
Evaluation Checklist---Discussion
409(2)
Example Article for Evaluation in Audiology: Auditory Temporal Order Perception in Younger and Older Adults411(13)
Peter J. Fitzgibbons
Sandra Gordon-Salant
Example Article for Evaluation in Speech-Language Pathology: Effects of Treatment on Linguistic and Social Skills in Toddlers with Delayed Language Development424(22)
Shari Brand Robertson
Susan Ellis Weismer
Appendix: Proclamation of the Association of American Medical Colleges and the National Health Council446(3)
Author Index449(8)
Subject Index457

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