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Ethics in Media Communications With Infotrac: Cases and Controversies

by:
ISBN: 9780534562359 | 0534562353
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 5/29/2002

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SummaryTable of Contents
This text's strength is its extensive use of case studies throughout each chapter. Accessible writing style and coherency between chapters allow for coverage of advanced topics such as morally offensive content and media and privacy.
Have you ever wondered exactly what ethical standards exist in the media? ETHICS IN MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS: CASES AND CONTROVERSIES explains it all and shows you that there's a lot more to the story behind the scenes. Whether the issue is censorship, privacy, or accuracy, the media is go... MORE
Prefaceix
Introductionxi
PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES1(74)
Ethics and Moral Development
2(20)
... MORE
The Study of Ethics: An Overview
2(4)
The Three Branches of Ethics
4(1)
Ethical Communication
5(1)
The Value of Ethics Education
6(4)
Contents of a Course in Media Ethics
8(1)
Developing Ethical Fitness
9(1)
The First Principles of Moral Virtue
10(3)
Credibility
10(1)
Integrity
11(1)
Civility
11(2)
The Formation of Ethical Values and Attitudes
13(3)
Defining Values and Attitudes
13(1)
Sources of Values and Attitudes
14(2)
The Ethical Dilemma: Conflict of Values
16(6)
Summary
19(1)
Notes
20(2)
Ethics and Society
22(31)
The Need for a System of Ethics
22(5)
Society and Moral Anchors
22(2)
The Functions of the Media within the Ethical System
24(3)
Requirements of a System of Ethics
27(2)
Shared Values
27(1)
Wisdom
27(1)
Justice
28(1)
Freedom
28(1)
Accountability
29(1)
The Social Compact and Moral Duties
29(4)
The Two Levels of Moral Duty
29(2)
Deciding among Moral Duties
31(2)
The Nexus of Law and Ethics
33(2)
Institutional Autonomy and Social Responsibility
35(6)
The Libertarian View
35(1)
Social Responsibility
36(5)
The Challenges of the Information Age
41(3)
Convergence: New Media and Old Media
41(1)
The Ethics of Cyberspace: Old Wine in New Bottles
42(2)
The Media as Socially Responsible Institutions
44(9)
Codes of Conduct
45(2)
The Ombudsman System
47(1)
News Councils
48(1)
Summary
49(1)
Notes
50(3)
Ethics and Moral Reasoning
53(22)
Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision Making
53(1)
The Context of Moral Reasoning
54(1)
The Philosophical Foundations of Moral Theory
55(4)
The Greek Connection
55(1)
The Judeo-Christian Ethic
56(1)
Kant and Moral Duty
56(1)
The Appeal of Utilitarianism
57(1)
The Ethics of Egalitarianism
58(1)
The Rise of Relativism
58(1)
Ethical Theories in Moral Reasoning
59(4)
Deontological (Duty-Based) Theories
59(2)
Teleological (Consequence-Based) Theories
61(1)
Virtue Theories: Aristotle's Golden Mean
62(1)
Critical Thinking in Moral Reasoning
63(1)
A Model of Moral Reasoning
64(3)
The Situation Definition
65(1)
Analysis of the Situation
65(1)
Decision
66(1)
A Sample Case Study
67(8)
Situation Definition
67(1)
Analysis
68(3)
Decision
71(1)
Summary
72(1)
Notes
72(3)
PART TWO: CASES IN MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS75(364)
Truth and Honesty in Media Communications
76(53)
A World of Limited Truth
76(2)
Truth as a Fundamental Value
78(1)
The Importance of Truth
79(2)
Media Practitioners and the Truth-Falsehood Dichotomy
81(17)
Truth in Journalism
82(11)
Infotainment: Where Truth and Fiction Collide
93(2)
Truth in Advertising and Public Relations
95(2)
Public Relations and Journalism: A Love-Hate Relationship
97(1)
Intellectual Dishonesty
98(3)
Truth Telling and Approaches to Moral Reasoning
101(1)
Truth and Deception: Hypothetical Case Studies
101(28)
Case Studies
102(1)
Crisis Management on the Web and the Framing of Truth
102(4)
Hidden Cameras and the Journalist as Social Conscience
106(3)
The Careless Chaperons and the Unbridled Teens
109(2)
Digital Photography and the Manipulation of Reality
111(3)
Tainted Research and the Right to Know
114(3)
Selling a Pain Remedy: Literal Truth as Deception
117(2)
The Media Consultant as the Truth Squad
119(3)
Vow of Silence
122(3)
Notes
125(4)
The Media and Privacy: A Delicate Balance
129(46)
Ethics and Privacy: The Search for Meaning
129(1)
The Value of Privacy
130(4)
The Emergence of Privacy as a Moral Value
131(1)
Privacy as a Legal Concept
132(2)
The Need for an Ethics of Privacy
134(3)
Basic Principles
134(2)
Data Mining and Privacy in Cyberspace
136(1)
Privacy and the Journalist: Some Special Problem Areas
137(12)
Contagious Diseases and Disabilities
138(1)
Homosexuality
139(1)
Sex Crimes
140(2)
Juvenile Offenders
142(1)
Using Children as Sources
143(1)
Suicides
144(1)
Secret Cameras and Recorders
145(1)
Accidents and Personal Tragedies
146(1)
Computers and Database Journalism
147(2)
The Search for Journalistic Guidelines
149(1)
Advertising and Privacy
150(1)
Privacy: Hypothetical Case Studies
151(24)
Case Studies
152(1)
The Pregnant Place Kicker
152(2)
The Massacre at Langdale High and Laura's Secret Diary
154(4)
In Vitro Fertilization and a Candidate's Family Secret
158(3)
The Family Court Judge with a Mysterious Past
161(3)
Courtroom Cameras and the Right to Privacy
164(3)
The Right to Die with Dignity
167(2)
Cyberspace Data Mining as a Public Relations Tool
169(3)
Notes
172(3)
Confidentiality and the Public Interest
175(33)
The Principle of Confidentiality
175(3)
The Justification for Confidentiality
178(1)
Seeking Disclosure: The Moral Position of the Actor
179(2)
Confidentiality in Journalism: Some Special Concerns
181(3)
The Case for and against Confidentiality
181(2)
A Delicate Balance: Confidentiality and Competing Interests
183(1)
Changes in the Reporter-Source Relationship
184(1)
The Principle of Confidentiality: Hypothetical Case Studies
185(23)
Case Studies
186(1)
Smallpox as a Weapon of Mass Destruction
186(3)
A Public Relations Challenge: Fraud in a University's Basketball Program
189(4)
The Online Editor and the Secret Negotiations
193(2)
Gender Norming and the Admiral's Public Relations Problem
195(4)
Attorney-Client Privilege and the Public's Right to Know
199(3)
Client Confidentiality in Radio Sales
202(1)
The Student Newspaper and Faculty Evaluations
203(4)
Notes
207(1)
Conflicts of Interest
208(37)
Conflicts of Interest: Real and Imagined
208(2)
Recognizing Conflicts: The Most Troublesome Terrain
210(12)
Conflicting Relationships
210(7)
Conflicting Public Participation
217(3)
Vested Interests and Hidden Agendas
220(2)
Approaches to Dealing with Conflicts of Interest
222(1)
Conflicts of Interest: Hypothetical Case Studies
222(23)
Case Studies
223(1)
A Riverboat Casino Seeks Public Relations Counsel
223(2)
DNA Testing: A Journalist's Call for Justice
225(3)
The NABJ and Divided Loyalties
228(3)
A Witness to Genocide
231(2)
Campus Journalists and the Tobacco Wars
233(4)
Switching Sides in Public Relations
237(3)
Cable's Friend in Congress
240(2)
Notes
242(3)
Economic Pressures and Social Responsibility
245(33)
Economic Interests versus Moral Obligations
245(1)
Concentration of Media Ownership
246(2)
The Alliance of Mass Media and Marketing
248(5)
The Role of Advertising
253(4)
The Media's Lifeline: The Ethical Challenges of Commercial Sponsorship
253(2)
The Challenges of Cyberspace
255(1)
Product Placements
256(1)
Economic Pressures: Hypothetical Case Studies
257(21)
Case Studies
257(1)
Web-Based Ads and the Search Engine's Search for Financial Stability
257(3)
The Talk Show as News Lead-In
260(2)
The Commercialization of PBS
262(3)
The Alumni Magazine: Journalism or Public Relations?
265(3)
Product Placement in Prime Time
268(2)
Slain Civil Rights Heroes as Commercial Props
270(3)
The Junket as a Public Relations Tool
273(2)
Notes
275(3)
The Media and Antisocial Behavior
278(36)
The Influence of the Media on Behavior
278(1)
Media Lessons and Moral Responsibility
279(10)
Antisocial Acts and Professional Obligations
279(1)
The Media's Influence on Antisocial Behavior
280(9)
The Media and Civility
289(4)
Uncivil Behavior
289(1)
Hate Speech
290(2)
Dirty Tricks
292(1)
The Media and Antisocial Behavior: Hypothetical Case Studies
293(21)
Case Studies
293(1)
Online Ads for AIDS Drugs and the Promotion of Unsafe Sex
293(3)
Investigating Child Pornography: Limits of the First Amendment
296(3)
Sports Trash Talk and the End of Innocence
299(2)
Alcohol Ads in the Campus Newspaper
301(3)
Online Links to Terrorist Home Pages
304(3)
Violence in the Nation's Schools: A Radical Proposal
307(3)
Drug Scenes on Prime-Time Television
310(2)
Notes
312(2)
Morally Offensive Content: Freedom and Responsibility
314(32)
Society's Surveillance of Offensive Material
314(1)
Pornography, Indecency, and Moral Responsibility
315(5)
Offensive Speech
320(1)
A Matter of Taste: Shocking and Disturbing Visuals
321(3)
The Lingering Legacy of Blasphemy
324(1)
The Case for Moral Limits
325(1)
The Harm Principle
325(1)
The Principle of Paternalism
325(1)
The Principle of Moralism
326(1)
The Offense Principle
326(1)
The Case against Moral Limits
326(1)
The Search for Standards
327(1)
Morally Offensive Content: Hypothetical Case Studies
328(18)
Case Studies
328(1)
The Reparations Ad and the Limits of Free Speech
328(3)
Live! From Death Row!
331(3)
An Obit for a Stillborn
334(2)
The Resurrection Conspiracy: Blasphemy or Artistic Freedom?
336(2)
The Online Birth and News Values
338(3)
Cyberporn and Free Speech
341(3)
Notes
344(2)
Media Content and Juveniles: Special Ethical Concerns
346(26)
Juveniles and Cultural Paternalism
346(2)
Influences on the Juvenile Audience
348(5)
Movies
348(1)
Recordings
349(1)
Television
349(2)
Advertising
351(2)
The Juvenile Audience: Hypothetical Case Studies
353(19)
Case Studies
354(1)
Nottoway Landing's Cult Following among Young Female Viewers
354(3)
Teen Therapy on the Airwaves
357(2)
Advertising in the Public Schools
359(3)
Video Games and the Promotion of Incivility
362(3)
Credit Card Ads and the Teen Audience
365(2)
Kids as Public Relations Strategy
367(3)
Notes
370(2)
Media Practitioners and Social Justice
372(36)
The Principle of Formal Justice
372(1)
Media Practitioners and Social Justice: Two Views
372(13)
The Libertarian Concept of Justice
373(1)
The Egalitarian Concept and Social Responsibility
374(1)
The Mainstream: A Philosophical Blend
375(10)
Social Justice and Ethical Decision Making
385(1)
The Media and Social Justice: Hypothetical Case Studies
386(22)
Case Studies
387(1)
Diversity in the Public Relations Workplace: Race and Social Justice
387(3)
Litigation Public Relations as a Tool of Justice
390(3)
Christian Advocacy Ads and Homosexuality
393(4)
The African-American Publisher and Divided Loyalties
397(2)
International Public Relations, Morality, and Social Justice
399(3)
Environmental Justice and Media Access
402(3)
Notes
405(3)
Stereotypes in Media Communications
408(31)
The Concept of Stereotypes
408(2)
The Role of Stereotypes in Media Content
410(8)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities
411(3)
Female Stereotypes
414(1)
Sexual Orientation and Stereotypical Depictions
415(1)
The Elderly
416(1)
The Disabled
417(1)
Strategies for Confronting Media Stereotyping
418(1)
Stereotypes and the Media: Hypothetical Case Studies
419(20)
Case Studies
419(1)
Framing the Gay and Lesbian Issue for the Public Square
419(3)
Television News and Stereotypical Symbols
422(3)
Gender Wars and Sexual Stereotyping
425(2)
The Disabled Athlete in Television Fiction
427(3)
The American Indians' Battle with the Major Leagues
430(4)
The Television Teacher and Stereotyping at Central High
434(3)
Notes
437(2)
Epilogue439(6)
A Couple of Lessons from This Text
439(1)
The State of Media Ethics: Mixed Signals
440(1)
The Newest Frontier: The Ethical Challenges of Cyberspace
441(1)
Toward Greater Ethical Awareness: What Can Be Done?
441(4)
Appendix 1 Society of Professional Journalists: Code of Ethics445(2)
Appendix 2 American Advertising Federation: Advertising Principles of American Business447(1)
Appendix 3 Public Relations Society of America: Code of Ethics448(5)
Selected Bibliography453(3)
Index456

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