Rent 9780314206299 | Essentials of Psychology : Exploration and Application

Table of Contents

Introduction: The Psychology of Studying	p. xxxiii
The SQ4R Method--How to Tame a Textbook	p. xxxiii
Effective Note-Taking--Good Students, Take Note!	p. xxxiv
Study Habits--Avoiding the Last-Minute Blues	p. xxxv
Taking Tests--Are You "Test Wise"?	p. xxxvii
Using Electronic Media--Netting New Knowledge	p. xxxviii
Psychology: The Search for Understanding	p. 1
... MOREPsychology--Spotlight on Behavior	p. 2
A Brief History of Psychology--Psychology's Family Album	p. 8
Psychology Today--Five Views of Behavior	p. 13
Psychologists--Guaranteed Not to Shrink	p. 15
Scientific Research--How to Think Like a Psychologist	p. 20
Naturalistic Observation--Psychology Steps Out!	p. 23
Correlational Studies--In Search of the Perfect Relationship	p. 24
The Psychology Experiment--Where Cause Meets Effect	p. 26
The Clinical Method--Data by the Case	p. 31
Survey Method--Here, Have a Sample	p. 31
Summary--Science and Critical Thinking	p. 32
The Brain, Biology, and Behavior	p. 44
Neurons--Building a "Biocomputer"	p. 45
The Nervous System--Wired for Action	p. 48
The Cerebral Cortex--My, What a Big Brain You Have!	p. 55
The Subcortex--At the Core of the (Brain) Matter	p. 62
The Endocrine System--Hormones and Behavior	p. 65
Child Development	p. 75
Heredity and Environment--The Nurture of Nature	p. 76
Childbirth--The First Journey	p. 84
The Newborn Baby--The Basic Model Comes with Options	p. 85
Social Development--Baby, I'm Stuck on You	p. 92
Language Development--Fast-Talking Babies	p. 97
Cognitive Development--How Do Children Learn to Think?	p. 101
Moral Development--Growing a Conscience	p. 106
Deprivation and Enrichment--In Search of Tender Loving Care	p. 108
From Birth to Death: Life-Span Development	p. 118
The Cycle of Life--Rocky Road or Garden Path?	p. 119
Problems of Childhood--Why Parents Get Gray Hair	p. 123
Serious Childhood Problems--Off to a Bad Start	p. 125
Adolescence--The Best of Times, the Worst of Times	p. 130
Vocational Choice--Charting a Course in the World of Work	p. 134
Challenges of Adulthood--Charting Life's Ups and Downs	p. 136
Aging--Will You Still Need Me When I'm 64?	p. 139
Death and Dying--The Curtain Falls	p. 145
Sensation and Reality	p. 157
General Properties of Sensory Systems--What You See Is What You Get	p. 158
Psychophysics--Life at the Limit	p. 160
Vision--Catching Some Rays	p. 163
Color Vision--There's More to It than Meets the Eye	p. 168
Dark Adaptation--Let There Be Light!	p. 170
Hearing--Good Vibrations	p. 173
Smell and Taste--The Nose Knows When the Tongue Can't Tell	p. 177
Adaptation, Attention, and Gating--Tuning In and Tuning Out	p. 183
Perceiving the World	p. 191
Perceptual Constancies--Taming an Unruly World	p. 192
Perceptual Grouping--Getting It All Together	p. 193
Depth Perception--What If the World Were Flat?	p. 199
Pictorial Cues for Depth--A Deep Topic	p. 201
Perceptual Learning--What If the World Were Upside Down?	p. 206
Motives and Perception--May I Have Your ... Attention!	p. 211
Perceptual Expectancies--On Your Mark, Get Set	p. 214
Extrasensory Perception--Do You Believe in Magic?	p. 216
States of Consciousness	p. 226
States of Consciousness--The Many Faces of Awareness	p. 227
Sleep--A Nice Place to Visit	p. 227
Biological Rhythms	p. 229
Sleep Needs and Patterns	p. 230
Stages of Sleep--The Nightly Roller Coaster Ride	p. 232
REM Sleep--In the Theater of Dreams	p. 234
Hypnosis--Look into My Eyes	p. 238
Meditation--The Twenty-Minute Vacation	p. 241
Drug-Altered Consciousness--The High and the Low of It	p. 244
Uppers--Amphetamines, Cocaine, Caffeine, Nicotine	p. 244
Downers--Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol	p. 251
Marijuana--What's in the Pot?	p. 254
Conditioning and Learning	p. 265
What Is Learning--Does Practice Make Perfect?	p. 266
Classical Conditioning--Does the Name Pavlov Ring a Bell?	p. 267
Elements of Classical Conditioning--Teach Your Little Brother to Salivate	p. 269
Classical Conditioning in Humans--An Emotional Topic	p. 271
Operant Conditioning--Can Pigeons Play Ping-Pong?	p. 273
Operant Reinforcers--What's Your Pleasure?	p. 278
Partial Reinforcement--Las Vegas, a Human Skinner Box?	p. 283
Stimulus Control--Red Light, Green Light	p. 285
Punishment--Putting the Brakes on Behavior	p. 287
Cognitive Learning--Beyond Conditioning	p. 290
Modeling--Do as I Do, Not as I Say	p. 292
Memory	p. 301
Stages of Memory--Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve?	p. 302
Short-Term Memory--Do You Know the Magic Number?	p. 305
Long-Term Memory--Where the Past Lives	p. 306
Measuring Memory--The Answer Is on the Tip of My Tongue	p. 311
Forgetting--Why We, Uh, Let's See; Why We, Uh ... Forget!	p. 317
Memory Formation--Some "Shocking" Findings	p. 323
Improving Memory--Keys to the Memory Bank	p. 326
Cognition, Intelligence, and Creativity	p. 335
What Is Thinking?--It's All in Your Head!	p. 336
Mental Imagery--Does a Frog Have Lips?	p. 337
Concepts--I'm Positive, It's a Whatchamacallit	p. 340
Language--Don't Leave Home without It	p. 341
Problem Solving--Getting an Answer in Sight	p. 347
Artificial Intelligence--I Compute, therefore I Am	p. 351
Human Intelligence--The IQ and You	p. 353
Creative Thinking--Down Roads Less Traveled	p. 363
Intuitive Thought--Mental Shortcut? Or Dangerous Detour?	p. 367
Motivation and Emotion	p. 377
Motivation--Forces That Push and Pull	p. 378
Primary Motives and Homeostasis--Keeping the Home Fires Burning	p. 380
Hunger--Pardon Me, That's Just My Hypothalamus Growling	p. 381
Primary Motives Revisited--Thirst, Sex, and Pain	p. 388
Stimulus Drives--Skydiving, Horror Movies, and the Fun Zone	p. 390
Learned Motives--The Pursuit of Excellence	p. 392
Motives in Perspective--A View from the Pyramid	p. 395
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation--Pleasure or Obligation?	p. 396
Dissecting an Emotion--How Do You Feel?	p. 398
Physiology and Emotion--Arousal, Sudden Death, and Lying	p. 400
Expressing Emotions--Making Faces and Talking Bodies	p. 404
Theories of Emotion--Several Ways to Fear a Bear	p. 406
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis	p. 408
Health, Stress, and Coping	p. 416
Health Psychology--Here's to Your Good Health	p. 417
Stress--Thrill or Threat?	p. 422
Frustration--Blind Alleys and Lead Balloons	p. 426
Conflict--Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Well, Maybe	p. 428
Psychological Defense--Mental Karate?	p. 431
Learned Helplessness--Is There Hope?	p. 433
Stress and Health--Unmasking a Hidden Killer	p. 437
Personality	p. 454
Do You Have Personality?	p. 455
The Trait Approach--Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less	p. 459
Psychoanalytic Theory--Id Came to Me in a Dream	p. 465
Learning Theories of Personality--Habit I Seen You Before?	p. 469
Humanistic Theory--Peak Experiences and Personal Growth	p. 474
Carl Rogers's Self Theory	p. 476
Personality Theories--Overview and Comparison	p. 479
Personality Assessment--Psychological Yardsticks	p. 479
Projective Tests of Personality--Inkblots and Hidden Plots	p. 485
Sudden Murderers--A Research Example	p. 486
Abnormal Psychology	p. 493
Normality--What Is Normal?	p. 494
Classifying Mental Disorders--Problems by the Book	p. 496
Personality Disorders--Blueprints for Maladjustment	p. 502
Sexual Deviance--Trench Coats, Whips, Leather, and Lace	p. 504
Anxiety-Based Disorders--When Anxiety Rules	p. 506
Four Pathways to Anxiety and Disorder	p. 512
Psychosis--Life in the Shadow of Madness	p. 514
Delusional Disorders--An Enemy behind Every Tree	p. 516
Schizophrenia--Shattered Reality	p. 518
Mood Disorders--Peaks and Valleys	p. 524
Treatment--Medical Approaches	p. 529
Community Mental Health Programs--Hope and Help for Many	p. 534
Therapies	p. 542
Psychotherapy--Getting Better by the Hour	p. 543
Origins of Therapy--Bored Skulls and Hysteria on the Couch	p. 543
Psychoanalysis--Expedition into the Unconscious	p. 545
Humanistic Therapies--Restoring Human Potential	p. 548
Behavior Therapy--Healing by Learning	p. 553
Aversion Therapy--A Little Pain Goes a Long Way	p. 554
Desensitization--Who's Afraid of a Big, Bad Hierarchy?	p. 555
Operant Principles--All the World Is a Skinner Box?	p. 559
Non-Reinforcement and Extinction--Time Out in the Attention Game	p. 559
Reinforcement and Token Economies--The Target Is Health	p. 560
Cognitive Therapy--Think Positive!	p. 561
Group Therapy--People Who Need People	p. 564
Psychotherapy--An Overview	p. 566
Gender and Sexuality	p. 580
Sexual Development--Circle One: XX or XY?	p. 581
Sexual Behavior--Mapping the Erogenous Zone	p. 591
Sexual Orientation--Who Do You Love?	p. 595
Human Sexual Response--Sexual Interactions	p. 597
Attitudes and Sexual Behavior--Choice, Risk, and Responsibility	p. 600
Social Behavior	p. 615
Humans in a Social Context--People, People, Everywhere	p. 616
Personal Space--Invisible Boundaries	p. 618
The Need for Affiliation--Come Together	p. 620
Interpersonal Attraction--Social Magnetism	p. 621
Love--Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment	p. 625
Social Perception--Behind the Mask	p. 628
Social Influence--Follow the Leader	p. 631
Obedience--Would You Electrocute a Stranger?	p. 633
Compliance--A Foot in the Door	p. 635
Attitude Change--Why the "Seekers" Went Public	p. 641
Prejudice--Attitudes That Injure	p. 647
Intergroup Conflict--The Roots of Prejudice	p. 648
Aggression--The World's Most Dangerous Animal	p. 653
Prosocial Behavior--Helping Others	p. 657
Applied Psychology	p. 0
Industrial/Organizational Psychology--Psychology at Work	p. 1
Communication at Work--Getting the Message Across	p. 8
Environmental Psychology--Life in the Big City	p. 10
Educational Psychology--An Instructive Topic	p. 19
Psychology and Law--Judging Juries	p. 20
Sports Psychology--The Athletic Mind	p. 23
Space Psychology--Life on the High Frontier	p. 25
Statistics
Glossary
References
Subject Index
Name Index
Credits
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