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Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

by: Siegel, Larry J.; Senna, Joseph J.

Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

by: Siegel, Larry J.; Senna, Joseph J.

ISBN 13:
9780534616410
ISBN 10:
0534616410
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 05/22/2003
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Part I: THE NATURE OF CRIME, LAW, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 1. Crime and Criminal Justice. 2. The Nature of Crime and Victimization. 3. Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure. Part II: THE POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. 4. Police in Society: History and Organization. 5. The Police: Role and Function. 6. Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal. Part III: COURTS AND ADJUDICATION. 7. Courts, Prosecution, and Defense. 8. Pretrial Procedures. 9. The Criminal Trial. 10. Punishment and Sentencing. Part IV: CORRECTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS. 11. Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate Sanctions, and Restorative Justice. 12. Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations. 13. Prison Life. Part V: JUVENILE JUSTICE. 14. Juvenile Justice.

Preface

PART ONE The Nature of Crime, Law, and Criminal Justice

(108)

1 Crime and Criminal Justice

(34)

Is Crime a Recent Development?

(2)

Crime in the Old West

(1)

Crime at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

(1)

Developing the Criminal Justice System

(2)

The Modern Era of Justice

(1)

Federal Involvement in Criminal Justice

(1)

The Criminal Justice System Today

(2)

Agencies of the Criminal Justice System

(2)

The Formal Criminal Justice Process

(1)

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Finding a Career in the Criminal Justice System

(9)

The Criminal Justice Assembly Line

(2)

The Informal Criminal Justice System

(4)

The "Wedding Cake" Model of Justice

(2)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE MEDIA Red Dragon

(16)

Perspectives on Justice

(5)

Crime Control Perspective

(2)

Rehabilitation Perspective

(1)

Due Process Perspective

(1)

Nonintervention Perspective

(1)

Justice Perspective

(1)

Restorative Justice Perspective

(1)

Perspectives in Action: Controlling the Drug Trade

(6)

Crime Control Strategies

(1)

Justice Model Strategies

(1)

Rehabilitation Strategies

(1)

Restorative Justice Strategies

(1)

Nonintervention Strategies

(2)

Perspectives in Perspective

(1)

Summary

(5)

Key Terms

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

(1)

Questions

(1)

Notes

(2)

2 The Nature of Crime and Victimization

(40)

How Is Crime Defined?

(1)

How Is Crime Measured?

(2)

Survey Data

(1)

Record Data

(1)

Alternative Data Sources

(1)

Measuring Crime Trends

(5)

Official Crime Data: The Uniform Crime Reports

(2)

Victim Surveys: The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

(1)

Self-Report Surveys

(2)

Are the Sources of Crime Statistics Compatible?

(1)

Crime Trends

(6)

Trends in Official Violent Crime

(2)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Factors That Have an Impact on Crime Rates

(4)

Trends in Official Property Crime

(1)

Victimization Trends

(1)

Self Report Trends

(1)

What the Future Holds

(1)

RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE International Crime Trends

(5)

Crime Patterns

(5)

Ecological and Seasonal Differences

(1)

Gender and Crime

(1)

Race and Crime

(1)

Social Class and Crime

(1)

Age and Crime

(2)

POLICY PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Teens and Guns

(7)

Crime Victims

(3)

Causes of Crime and Victimization

(3)

Choice Theory: Because They Want To

(1)

Sociobiological Theory: It's in Their Blood

(2)

Psychological Theory: It's in Their Heads

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE MEDIA The Media and Violence

(12)

Social Structure Theory: Because They're Poor

(1)

Social Process Theory: Socialized to Crime

(2)

Conflict Theory: It's a "Dog-Eat-Dog" World

(1)

Developmental Theory: Things Change

(2)

A Final Word

(1)

Summary

(7)

Key Terms

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

(1)

Questions

(1)

Notes

(4)

3 Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure

(33)

The Historical Development of the Criminal Law

(4)

Common Law and the Principle of Stare Decisis

(2)

Criminal Law and Civil Law

(1)

Sources of the Criminal Law

(2)

Common Law, Statutes, and Case Decisions

(1)

Administrative Rule Making

(1)

Constitutional Law and Its Limits

(1)

LAW IN REVIEW Chicago v. Morales

(10)

Crimes and Classifications

(2)

Felonies and Misdemeanors

(1)

Other Statutory Classifications

(1)

The Legal Definition of a Crime

(4)

Actus Reus

(1)

Mens Rea

(1)

The Relationship of Mens Rea and Actus Reus

(1)

Strict Liability

(1)

Criminal Defenses

(3)

Ignorance or Mistake

(1)

Insanity

(1)

Intoxication

(1)

LAW IN REVIEW The Insanity Defense

(6)

Age

(1)

Justification and Excuse

(2)

Reforming the Criminal Law

(2)

Changing Defenses

(1)

Constitutional Criminal Procedure

(1)

The U.S. Constitution

(1)

POLICY PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE The Criminal Law and Terrorism

100

(6)

The Bill of Rights

101

(1)

The Fourteenth Amendment

102

(2)

Procedural Due Process of Law

103

(1)

Summary

104

(2)

Key Terms

104

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

104

(1)

Questions

104

(1)

Notes

105

(1)

Criminal Justice Confronts Terrorism-Who Is the Terrorist?

106

(3)

PART TWO The Police and Law Enforcement

109

(108)

4 Police in Society: History and Organization

110

(26)

The History of Police

112

(2)

Eighteenth-Century Developments

113

(1)

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Law Enforcement

114

(14)

Law Enforcement in Colonial America

116

(1)

Early Police Agencies

116

(1)

Twentieth-Century Reform

117

(1)

The Emergence of Professionalism

118

(1)

The Modern Era of Policing: 1960-2003

119

(2)

Policing in the 1960's

119

(1)

Policing in the 1970's

119

(1)

Policing in the 1980's

120

(1)

Policing in the 1990's

120

(1)

Policing and Law Enforcement Today

121

(5)

Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

121

(3)

State Law Enforcement Agencies

124

(1)

County Law Enforcement Agencies

125

(1)

Metropolitan Law Enforcement Agencies

125

(1)

Technology and Law Enforcement

126

(1)

Information Technology

127

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND TECHNOLOGY Crime Mapping

128

(8)

Criminal Identification

128

(2)

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems

130

(1)

DNA Testing

131

(1)

Communications

132

(1)

Summary

133

(5)

Key Terms

134

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

134

(1)

Questions

134

(1)

Notes

134

(2)

5 The Police: Role and Function

136

(30)

The Police Organization

138

(1)

The Police Role

139

(2)

The Patrol Function

141

(4)

Patrol Activities

142

(1)

Does Patrol Deter Crime?

143

(1)

Proactive Patrol

143

(2)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE The Indianapolis Gun Control Program

145

(5)

Adding Patrol Officers

146

(1)

The Investigation Function

147

(3)

Sting Operations

148

(1)

Undercover Work

148

(1)

Evaluating Investigations

149

(1)

Improving Investigations

149

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE MEDIA Crime Scene Investigation: CSI

150

(10)

Community Policing

151

(9)

Broken Windows: The Development of Community Policing

152

(3)

Problem-Oriented Policing

155

(4)

Support Functions

159

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Police Oversight: Civilian Review Boards

160

(6)

Summary

161

(8)

Key Terms

162

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

162

(1)

Questions

162

(1)

Notes

162

(4)

6 Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal

166

(51)

The Police Profession

169

(3)

The Police Culture

169

(1)

The Police Personality

170

(1)

Policing Style

171

(1)

Police Discretion

172

(4)

Legal Factors

173

(1)

Environmental Factors

173

(1)

Departmental Factors

174

(1)

Situational Factors

175

(1)

Extralegal Factors

175

(1)

Who Are the Police?

176

(2)

Police Education

176

(2)

RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Racial Profiling: Does Race Influence the Police Use of Discretion?

178

(10)

Minorities in Policing

178

(3)

Women in Policing

181

(2)

Legal Control of Policing

183

(5)

The Police and the Courts

184

(1)

Custodial Interrogation

184

(3)

Search and Seizure

187

(1)

LAW IN REVIEW United States v. Bin Laden

188

(10)

The Exclusionary Rule

192

(2)

Problems of Policing

194

(4)

Job Stress

194

(2)

Violence

196

(2)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES CRIMINAL JUSTICE Working with the Problem Cops: Early Intervention Programs

198

(16)

Corruption

203

(4)

Summary

207

(7)

Key Terms

207

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

208

(1)

Questions

208

(1)

Notes

208

(6)

Criminal Justice Confronts Terrorism-The Law Enforcement Response to Terrorism

214

(3)

PART THREE Courts and Adjudication

217

(130)

7 Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense

218

(34)

The Criminal Court Process

220

(1)

State Courts

221

(3)

Courts of Limited Jurisdiction

221

(2)

Courts of General Jurisdiction

223

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Specialized Courts

224

(24)

Appellate Courts

224

(2)

Federal Courts

226

(6)

U.S. District Courts

226

(2)

U.S. Courts of Appeals

228

(1)

The U.S. Supreme Court

229

(3)

Federal and State Court Caseloads

232

(1)

The Judiciary

232

(2)

Judicial Functions

233

(1)

Judicial Qualifications

233

(1)

The Prosecutor

234

(3)

Duties of the Prosecutor

235

(1)

Types of Prosecutors

236

(1)

Prosecutorial Discretion

237

(2)

Factors Influencing Decision Making

238

(1)

The Role of Prosecutorial Discretion

239

(1)

Legal Restraints

239

(1)

The Defense Attorney

239

(2)

The Role of the Criminal Defense Attorney

240

(1)

Ethical Issues

241

(1)

The Right to Counsel

241

(6)

The Private Bar

243

(1)

Legal Services for the Indigent

244

(1)

The Competence of Defense Attorneys

245

(2)

Court Administration

247

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND TECHNOLOGY Technology and Court Management

248

(4)

Summary

250

(4)

Key Terms

250

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

250

(1)

Questions

250

(1)

Notes

251

(1)

8 Pretrial Procedures

252

(28)

Procedures Following Arrest

254

(1)

Pretrial Services

255

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Pretrial Service Programs

256

(8)

Bail

256

(7)

Bail Today

257

(2)

Receiving Bail

259

(1)

The Legal Right to Bail

259

(1)

Making Bail

260

(3)

Preventive Detention

263

(1)

LAW IN REVIEW United States v. Salerno

264

(16)

Pretrial Detention

265

(1)

The Effects of Detention

265

(1)

Charging the Defendant

266

(4)

The Indictment Process-The Grand Jury

266

(1)

The Indictment Process-The Preliminary Hearing

267

(1)

Arraignment

268

(1)

The Plea

268

(2)

Plea Bargaining

270

(7)

Legal Issues in Plea Bargaining

272

(1)

Plea-Bargaining Decision Making

273

(1)

The Role of the Prosecutor

274

(1)

The Role of the Defense Counsel

274

(1)

The Role of the Judge

275

(1)

The Victim

275

(1)

Plea-Bargaining Reform

276

(1)

Pretrial Diversion

277

(1)

Summary

277

(5)

Key Terms

278

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

278

(1)

Questions

278

(1)

Notes

278

(2)

9 The Criminal Trial

280

(24)

Legal Rights During Trial

282

(6)

The Right to Confront Witnesses

282

(1)

The Right to a Jury Trial

283

(1)

The Right to Counsel at Trial

284

(1)

The Right to Self-Representation

285

(1)

The Right to a Speedy Trial

286

(1)

The Right to a Fair Trial

286

(1)

The Right to a Public Trial

287

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE MEDIA TV or Not TV? Should Criminal Trials Be Televised

288

(9)

The Trial Process

290

(7)

Jury Selection

290

(3)

Opening Statements

293

(2)

Motion for a Directed Verdict

295

(1)

Presentation of the Defense Attorney's Evidence

295

(1)

Closing Arguments

296

(1)

Instructions to the Jury

296

(1)

The Verdict

296

(1)

LAW IN REVIEW The Danielle van Dam Case: Should Defense Lawyers Tell the Truth?

297

(7)

The Sentence

298

(1)

The Appeal

299

(1)

Evidentiary Standards

300

(1)

Summary

301

(5)

Key Terms

301

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

302

(1)

Questions

302

(1)

Notes

302

(2)

10 Punishment and Sentencing

304

(43)

The History of Punishment

306

(2)

From Exile to Fines, Torture to Forfeiture

306

(1)

Public Work and Transportation to the Colonies

307

(1)

The Rise of the Prison

308

(1)

The Goals of Modern Sentencing

308

(4)

General Deterrence

309

(1)

Incapacitation

310

(1)

Specific Deterrence

310

(1)

Retribution/Just Desert

310

(1)

Rehabilitation

311

(1)

Equity/Restitution

311

(1)

Imposing the Sentence

312

(7)

Sentencing Models

313

(1)

Indeterminate Sentences

313

(1)

Determinate Sentences

314

(1)

Structural Sentences

315

(3)

Mandatory Sentences

318

(1)

Truth in Sentencing

319

(1)

How People Are Sentenced

319

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Let's Get Tough: Three-Strikes Laws

320

(6)

What Factors Affect Sentencing?

322

(3)

Capital Punishment

325

(1)

RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Race and Sentencing

326

(3)

Arguments for the Death Penalty

328

(1)

RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE The Death Penalty Abroad

329

(16)

Arguments Against the Death Penalty

331

(5)

Legal Issues

336

(1)

Jury Issues

337

(1)

Does the Death Penalty Deter Murder?

338

(1)

Summary

339

(6)

Key Terms

340

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

340

(1)

Questions

340

(1)

Notes

340

(5)

Criminal Justice Confronts Terrorism-Courts and Terrorism

345

(2)

PART FOUR Corrections and Alternative Sanctions

347

(110)

11 Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate Sanctions, and Restorative Justice

348

(36)

Probation

350

(6)

The History of Probation

351

(1)

Why Probation?

351

(1)

Awarding Probation

352

(1)

The Extent of Probation

352

(1)

Eligibility for Probation

353

(1)

Conditions of Probation

354

(1)

Administration of Probation Services

355

(1)

CAREERS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Probation Officers

356

(8)

Duties of Probation Officers

357

(2)

How Successful Is Probation?

359

(2)

Legal Rights of Probationers

361

(1)

The Future of Probation

362

(1)

Intermediate Sanctions

363

(1)

Advantages of Intermediate Sanctions

363

(1)

RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Alternatives to Incarceration Abroad

364

(11)

Fines

365

(1)

Forfeiture

366

(1)

Restitution

367

(1)

Shock Probation and Split Sentencing

368

(1)

Intensive Probation Supervision

369

(1)

House Arrest

370

(1)

Electronic Monitoring

371

(1)

Residential Community Corrections

372

(1)

Can Intermediate Sanctions Work?

373

(1)

Restorative Justice

374

(5)

The Concept of Restoration

374

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Reintegrative Shaming

375

(4)

The Process of Restoration

376

(1)

Restoration Programs

376

(2)

The Challenge of Restorative Justice

378

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Restorative Justice in the Community

379

(5)

Summary

380

(7)

Key Terms

380

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

381

(1)

Questions

381

(1)

Notes

381

(3)

12 Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations

384

(30)

The History of Correctional Institutions

387

(8)

American Developments

388

(3)

Incarceration Philosophies

391

(1)

Prisons at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

392

(3)

Jails

395

(3)

Jail Populations

396

(1)

Who Are Jail Inmates?

396

(1)

Jail Conditions

397

(1)

New-Generation Jails

397

(1)

Prisons

398

(2)

Types of Prisons

398

(2)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND TECHNOLOGY Ultra-Maximum-Security Prisons

400

(14)

Prison Inmate Characteristics

402

(1)

Alternative Correctional Institutions

403

(5)

Prison Farms and Camps

403

(1)

Shock Incarceration in Boot Camps

404

(2)

Community Correctional Facilities

406

(1)

Private Prisons

406

(2)

Correctional Populations

408

(2)

Explaining Prison Population Trends

409

(1)

Prison Overcrowding

409

(1)

Summary

410

(6)

Key Terms

411

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

411

(1)

Questions

411

(1)

Notes

411

(3)

13 Prison Life

414

(43)

Men Imprisoned

416

(5)

Living in Prison

416

(3)

The Inmate Social Code

419

(1)

The New Inmate Culture

420

(1)

Women Imprisoned

421

(4)

Female Institutions

422

(1)

Female Inmates

423

(1)

Adapting to the Female Institution

424

(1)

Correctional Treatment Methods

425

(8)

Individual and Group Counseling

426

(1)

Treating the Special-Needs Inmate

426

(1)

Educational and Vocational Programs

427

(4)

Inmate Self-Help

431

(1)

Can Rehabilitation Work?

431

(2)

Guarding the Institution

433

(2)

Female Correctional Officers

434

(1)

Prison Violence

435

(3)

Individual Violence

435

(1)

CRIMINAL, JUSTICE AND THE MEDIA Newjack

436

(2)

Collective Violence

437

(1)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND TECHNOLOGY Technocorrections: Contemporary Correctional Technology

438

(5)

Prisoners' Rights

440

(3)

Substantive Rights

441

(2)

LAW IN REVIEW Hope v. Pelzer

443

(6)

Leaving Prison

444

(5)

Parole

444

(1)

The Parole Board

445

(1)

Parole Hearings

445

(1)

The Parolee in the Community

446

(1)

The Effectiveness of Parole

447

(1)

Why Do People Fail on Parole?

448

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE The Problems of Reentry

449

(6)

Summary

450

(5)

Key Terms

451

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

451

(1)

Questions

451

(1)

Notes

451

(4)

Criminal Justice Confronts Terrorism-Corrections and Terrorism

455

(2)

PART FIVE Juvenile Justice

457

(34)

14. The Juvenile Justice System

458

(33)

The History of Juvenile Justice

460

(5)

Care of Children in Early America

461

(1)

The Child-Saving Movement

461

(1)

The Refuge Movement Spreads

462

(1)

The Development of Juvenile Justice

463

(2)

Juvenile Justice Today

465

(1)

Police Processing of the Juvenile Offender

466

(3)

Use of Discretion

468

(1)

Legal Rights

469

(1)

The Juvenile Justice Process

469

(7)

The Intake Process

470

(1)

The Detention Process

470

(2)

Bail

472

(1)

Plea Bargaining

472

(1)

Waiver of Jurisdiction

472

(2)

The Trial

474

(1)

Alternatives to the Juvenile Trial

475

(1)

Disposition and Treatment

475

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Teen Courts

476

(9)

Juvenile Sentencing Reform

477

(2)

The Juvenile Correctional Process

479

(7)

Probation

479

(1)

Institutionalization

480

(1)

Deinstitutionalization

481

(1)

Aftercare

481

(1)

Preventing Delinquency

482

(1)

Community Strategies

482

(1)

Enforcement Strategies

483

(1)

Keep the Juvenile Court?

484

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Operation Ceasefire

485

(1)

POLICY, PROGRAMS, AND ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Should We Abolish the Juvenile Court?

486

(5)

Summary

487

(4)

Key Terms

487

(1)

InfoTrac College Edition Exercises

487

(1)

Questions

487

(1)

Notes

488

(3)

Glossary

491

(9)

Table of Cases

500

(2)

Name Index

502

(7)

Subject Index

509

(11)

Photo Credits

520

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

9780534616410

0534616410

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

Essentials of Criminal Justice (with InfoTrac)

9780534616410

0534616410

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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