Rent 9780534520847 | Environmental Ethics : An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy

Summary Table of Contents

This brief yet wide-ranging introduction to environmental ethics offers an overview of the major issues and schools of thought in the field. A discussion of basic concepts in ethical theory in Part I is followed by an application of these thoughts across a variety of major environmental problems (such as pollution, population, animals) in Part II. Part III introduces students to the major theories of environmental ethics in particular (including biocentrism, ecofeminism, and the land ethic). The final chapter offers a pragmatic approach to reco... MOREnciling philosophical perspectives as a means to making progress in solving environmental problems.

Part I: BASIC CONCEPTS. 1. Science, Ethics and the Environment. Discussion: Technological Solutions to Environmental Problems. 1.1. Introduction: Why Philosophy? 1.2. Science and Ethics. 1.3. What Is Environmental Ethics? 1.4. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 2. Ethical Theory and the Environment. Discussion. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Why Ethical Theory? 2.3. Ethical Relativism. 2.4. The Natural Law Tradition Teleology and Virtues. 2.5. Contemporary Perspectives on Teleology. 2.6. The Utilitarian Tradition. 2.7. Contemporary Perspectives on Utilitarianism. 2.8. Deontology: An Ethics of Duty and Rights. 2.9. Contemporary Perspectives on Deontological Ethics. 2.10. Religious Environmental Ethics. 2.11. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. Part II: ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AS APPLIED ETHICS. 3. Ethics and Economics: Managing Public Lands. Discussion: Development versus Preservation. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Forests: Conservation or Preservation? 3.3. Managing the National Forests. 3.4. Pollution and Economics. 3.5. Ethical Issues in Economic Analysis. 3.6. Cost-Benefit Analysis. 3.7. Ethical Analysis and Environmental Economics. 3.8. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 4. Responsibilities to Future Generations: Sustainable Development. Discussion: Population and Consumption. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2. Population, Consumption, and Environmental Ethics. 4.3. Do We Have Responsibilities to Future Generations? 4.4. What Do We Owe Future Generations? 4.5. Sustainable Development: Economics and Consumption. 4.6. Conclusion: Sustainable Living: Now and in the Future. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 5. Responsibilities to the Natural World: From Anthropocentric to Nonanthropocentric Ethics. Discussion: Animal Research and Factory Farming. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Moral Standing in the Western Tradition. 5.3. Early Environmental Ethics: Passmore and Blackstone. 5.4. Moral Standing. 5.5. Do Trees Have Standing? 5.6. Peter Singer and the Animal Liberation Movement. 5.7. Tom Regan and Animal Rights. 5.8. Ethical Implications of Animal Welfare. 5.9. Critical Challenges. 5.10. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. Part III: THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS. 6. Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life. Discussion: Biodiversity. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Instrumental Value and Intrinsic Value. 6.3. Biocentric Ethics and the Reverence for Life. 6.4. Ethics and Character. 6.5. Taylor''s Biocentric Ethics. 6.6. Practical Implications. 6.7. Challenges and Developments. 6.8. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 7. Wilderness, Ecology, and Ethics. Discussion: Wilderness Management: The Cases of Yellowstone and Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. The Wilderness Ideal. 7.3. The Wilderness "Myth": The Contemporary Debate. 7.4. From Ecology to Philosophy. 7.5. From Ecology to Ethics. 7.6. Varieties of Holism. 7.7. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 8. The Land Ethic. Discussion: A Place for Predators. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. The Land Ethic. 8.3. Leopold''s Holism. 8.4. Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Facts and Values. 8.5. Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Holistic Ethics. 8.6. Callicott''s Revisions. 8.7. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 9. Deep Ecology. Discussion: Eco-philosophy as religion. 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. The Deep Ecology Platform. 9.3. Ecology and Ecophilosophy. 9.4. Metaphysical Ecology. 9.5. From Metaphysics to Ethics. 9.6. Self-Realization and Biocentric Equality. 9.7. Criticisms. 9.8. Summary and Conclusions. Notes. Discussion Questions. Further Reading. 10. Environmental Justice and Social Ecology. Discussion: Exporting Toxic Wastes: The World Bank Memo. 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Theories of Social Justice. 10.3. Property Rights and Justice. 10.4. Environmental Justi

Preface

xiii

I BASIC CONCEPTS

(42)

Science, Ethics, and the Environment

(14)

... MORE

Discussion: Technological Solutions to Environmental Problems

(2)

Introduction: Why Philosophy?

(3)

Science and Ethics

(4)

What is Environmental Ethics?

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

(3)

Notes

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

Ethical Theory and the Environment

(26)

Discussion: Why Protect Endangered Species?

(1)

Introduction

(3)

Why Ethical Theory?

(1)

Ethical Relativism

(1)

The Natural Law Tradition---Teleology and Virtues

(3)

Contemporary Perspectives on Teleology

(4)

The Utilitarian Tradition

(2)

Contemporary Perspectives on Utilitarianism

(1)

Deontology: An Ethics of Duty and Rights

(2)

Contemporary Perspectives on Deontological Ethics

(1)

Religious Environmental Ethics

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

(4)

Notes

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

II ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AS APPLIED ETHICS

(80)

Ethics and Economics: Managing Public Lands

(25)

Discussion: Development versus Preservation

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Forests: Conservation or Preservation?

(3)

Managing the National Forests

(5)

Pollution and Economics

(3)

Ethical Issues in Economic Analysis

(2)

Cost--Benefit Analysis

(2)

Ethical Analysis and Environmental Economics

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

(4)

Notes

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Responsibilities to Future Generations: Sustainable Development

(24)

Discussion: Population and Consumption

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Population, Consumption, and Environmental Ethics

(1)

Do We Have Responsibilities to Future Generations?

(4)

What do We Owe Future Generations?

(8)

Consumption and Sustainable Development

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

(4)

Notes

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Responsibilities to the Natural World: From Anthropocentric to Nonanthropocentric Ethics

(29)

Discussion: Animal Research and Factory Farming

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Moral Standing in the Western Tradition

(3)

Early Environmental Ethics

(4)

Moral Standing

103

(3)

Do Trees Have Standing?

106

(3)

Peter Singer and the Animal Liberation Movement

109

(2)

Tom Regan and Animal Rights

111

(2)

Ethical Implications of Animal Welfare

113

(1)

Critical Challenges

114

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

118

(5)

Notes

119

(2)

Discussion Questions

121

(1)

Further Reading

122

(1)

III THEORIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

123

(150)

Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life

125

(23)

Discussion: Biodiversity

125

(1)

Introduction

126

(2)

Instrumental Value and Intrinsic Value

128

(3)

Biocentric Ethics and the Reverence for Life

131

(3)

Ethics and Character

134

(2)

Taylor's Biocentric Ethics

136

(3)

Practical Implications

139

(3)

Challenges and Developments

142

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

145

(3)

Notes

145

(2)

Discussion Questions

147

(1)

Further Reading

147

(1)

Wilderness, Ecology, and Ethics

148

(28)

Discussion: Wilderness Management: The Cases of Yellowstone and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness

148

(3)

Introduction

151

(1)

The Wilderness Ideal

152

(4)

The Wilderness ``Myth'': The Contemporary Debate

156

(6)

From Ecology to Philosophy

162

(6)

From Ecology to Ethics

168

(2)

Varieties of Holism

170

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

172

(4)

Notes

172

(2)

Discussion Questions

174

(1)

Further Reading

174

(2)

The Land Ethic

176

(26)

Discussion: A Place for Predators

176

(3)

Introduction

179

(1)

The Land Ethic

180

(4)

Leopold's Holism

184

(2)

Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Facts and Values

186

(3)

Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Holistic Ethics

189

(6)

Callicott's Revisions

195

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

199

(3)

Notes

199

(2)

Discussion Questions

201

(1)

Further Reading

201

(1)

Deep Ecology

202

(22)

Discussion: Eco-philosophy as Religion

202

(2)

Introduction

204

(2)

The Deep Ecology Platform

206

(1)

Ecology and Ecophilosophy

207

(2)

Metaphysical Ecology

209

(3)

From Metaphysics to Ethics

212

(3)

Self-Realization and Biocentric Equality

215

(3)

Criticisms

218

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

221

(3)

Notes

221

(1)

Discussion Questions

222

(1)

Further Reading

223

(1)

Environmental Justice and Social Ecology

224

(19)

Discussion: Exporting Toxic Wastes: The World Bank Memo

224

(1)

Introduction

225

(1)

Theories of Social Justice

226

(2)

Property Rights and Justice

228

(3)

Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism

231

(3)

Murray Bookchin's Social Ecology

234

(3)

Critical Reflections

237

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

240

(3)

Notes

240

(2)

Discussion Questions

242

(1)

Further Reading

242

(1)

Ecofeminism

243

(15)

Discussion: The Chipko Movement

243

(1)

Introduction

244

(3)

Ecofeminism: Making Connections

247

(4)

Ecofeminism: Recent Developments

251

(3)

Summary and Conclusions

254

(4)

Notes

255

(1)

Discussion Questions

256

(1)

Further Reading

257

(1)

Pluralism, Pragmatism, and Sustainability

258

(15)

Discussion: Community-Based Conservation

258

(3)

Introduction: Agreement and Disagreement in Environmental Ethics

261

(1)

Moral Pluralism and Moral Monism

262

(3)

Environmental Pragmatism

265

(4)

Conclusion: Sustainability Revisited

269

(4)

Notes

271

(2)

Glossary

273

(4)

Index

277

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Environmental Ethics : An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy

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