Rent 9780071639620 | Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation : For Solar Power Utilization

Summary Table of Contents Author Biography

This comprehensive guide reviews the fundamentals of the thermodynamics of radiation matter - photon gas. The book introduces the exergy of radiation through the most advanced thermodynamic analysis of the solar power processes involving radiation.

Complete coverage of the thermodynamics of radiation matter for solar energy utilization

This comprehensive guide reviews the fundamentals of the thermodynamics of radiation matter--photon gas. The book introduces the exergy of radiation through the most a... MORE

Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation: For Solar Power Utilization provides, for the first time, an exhaustive discussion on energy and exergy analysis of radiation processes. Extensive details on the exergy of radiation are developed for evaluation of the practical uses of radiation. This volume contains quantitative calculation examples for solar heating, a solar chimney power plant, photosynthesis, and photovoltaic technology. Addressed to researchers, designers, and users of different solar installations, the book also has the potential to inspire the development of new applications of radiation exergy.

Coverage includes:

Definitions and laws of substance and radiation
Laws of thermodynamic analysis, including energy and exergy analysis
Thermodynamic properties of photon gas
Exergy of emission and arbitrary radiation flux
Energy, entropy, and exergy radiation spectra of surfaces
Thermodynamic analysis of heat from the sun, a solar chimney power plant, photosynthesis, and the photovoltaic

Authoritative coverage of thermal radiation theory and potential applications in solar power energy generation

... MORE

Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Objective and Scope of This Book	p. 1
General Thermodynamic Definitions	p. 5
Definitions and Laws of Substance	p. 9
Equation of State	p. 9
State Parameters of Substance	p. 11
Pressure	p. 11
Temperature	p. 12
Energy of Substance	p. 14
Energy Transfer	p. 16
Work	p. 16
Heat	p. 17
Entropy of Substance	p. 19
Exergy of Substance	p. 20
Traditional Exergy	p. 20
Gravitational Interpretation of Exergy	p. 23
Exergy Annihilation Law	p. 28
Exergy Transfer During Heat and Work	p. 31
Chemical Exergy of Substance	p. 31
Nomenclature for Chapter 2	p. 33
Definitions and Laws of Radiation	p. 37
Radiation Source	p. 37
Radiant Properties of Surfaces	p. 39
Definitions of the Radiation of Surfaces	p. 41
Planck's Law	p. 43
Wien's Displacement Law	p. 47
Stefan-Boltzmann Law	p. 48
Lambert's Cosine Law	p. 50
Kirchhoff's Law	p. 53
Nomenclature for Chapter 3	p. 55
The Laws of Thermodynamic Analysis	p. 57
Outline of Thermodynamic Analysis	p. 57
Significance of Thermodynamic Analysis	p. 57
General Remarks and Definition of the Considered Systems	p. 59
Substance and Mass Conservation	p. 60
Energy Conservation Law	p. 62
Energy Balance Equations	p. 62
Components of the Energy Balance Equation	p. 64
Entropy Growth	p. 66
Exergy Balance Equation	p. 68
Traditional Exergy Balance	p. 68
Components of the Traditional Exergy Balance Equation	p. 70
Exergy Balance at Varying Environment Parameters	p. 71
Exergy Balance with Gravity Input	p. 73
Process Efficiency	p. 79
Carnot Efficiency	p. 79
Perfection Degree of Process	p. 84
Specific Efficiencies	p. 86
Remarks on the Efficiency of Radiation Conversion	p. 87
Consumption Indices	p. 87
Method of Reconciliation of the Measurement Data	p. 89
Nomenclature for Chapter 4	p. 94
Thermodynamic Properties of Photon Gas	p. 97
Nature of Photon Gas	p. 97
Temperature of Photon Gas	p. 101
Energy of Photon Gas	p. 105
Pressure of Photon Gas	p. 106
Entropy of Photon Gas	p. 112
Isentropic Process of Photon Gas	p. 113
Exergy of Photon Gas	p. 113
Mixing Photon Gases	p. 116
Analogies Between Substance and Photon Gases	p. 117
Nomenclature for Chapter 5	p. 122
Exergy of Emission	p. 125
Basic Explanations	p. 125
Derivation of the Emission Exergy Formula	p. 126
Analysis of the Formula of the Exergy of Emission	p. 129
Efficiency of Radiation Processes	p. 132
Radiationrto-Work Conversion	p. 132
Radiation-to-Heat Conversion	p. 136
Other Processes Driven by Radiation	p. 139
Irreversibility of Radiative Heat Transfer	p. 140
Irreversibility of Emission and Absorption of Radiation	p. 143
Influence of Surroundings on the Radiation Exergy	p. 146
Emissivity of the Environment	p. 146
Configuration of Surroundings	p. 147
Presence of Other Surfaces	p. 149
"Cold" Radiation	p. 151
Radiation Exergy at Varying Environmental Temperatures	p. 153
Radiation of Surface of Nonuniform Temperature	p. 160
Emission Exergy at Continuous Surface Temperature Distribution	p. 160
Effective Temperature of a Nonisothermal Surface	p. 161
Nomenclature for Chapter 6	p. 165
Radiation Flux	p. 167
Energy of Radiation Flux	p. 167
Entropy of Radiation Flux	p. 171
Entropy of the Monochromatic Intensity of Radiation	p. 171
Entropy of Emission from a Black Surface	p. 172
Entropy of Arbitrary Radiosity	p. 173
Exergy of Radiation Flux	p. 175
Arbitrary Radiation	p. 175
Polarized Radiation	p. 178
Nonpolarized Radiation	p. 178
Nonpolarized and Uniform Radiation	p. 179
Nonpolarized, Uniform Radiation in a Solid Angle 2�	p. 179
Nonpolarized, Black, Uniform Radiation in a Solid Angle 2�	p. 181
Nonpolarized, Black, Uniform Radiation Within a Solid Angle �	p. 181
Propagation of Radiation	p. 182
Propagation in a Vacuum	p. 182
Some Remarks on Propagation in a Real Medium	p. 185
Radiation Exergy Exchange Between Surfaces	p. 187
View Factor	p. 187
Emission Exergy Exchange Between Two Black Surfaces	p. 194
Exergy Exchange Between Two Gray Surfaces	p. 196
Exergy of Solar Radiation	p. 208
Significance of Solar Radiation	p. 208
Possibility of Concentration of Solar Radiation	p. 211
Nomenclature for Chapter 7	p. 216
Radiation Spectra of a Surface	p. 219
Introductory Remarks	p. 219
Energy Radiation Spectrum of a Surface	p. 220
Entropy Radiation Spectrum of a Surface	p. 221
Radiation Exergy Derived from Exergy Definition	p. 223
Exergy Radiation Spectrum of a Surface	p. 227
Spectrum of a Black Surface	p. 227
Spectrum of a Gray Surface	p. 233
Exergetic Emissivity	p. 235
Application of Exergetic Spectra for Exergy Exchange Calculation	p. 239
Conclusion	p. 243
Nomenclature for Chapter 8	p. 244
Discussion of Radiation Exergy Formulae Proposed by Researchers	p. 247
Polemic Addressees	p. 247
What Work Represents Exergy?	p. 248
Is Radiation Matter Heat?	p. 250
Bejan's Discussion	p. 254
Discussion by Wright et al.	p. 259
Other Authors	p. 259
Summary	p. 261
Nomenclature for Chapter 9	p. 262
Thermodynamic Analysis of Heat from the Sun	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Global Warming Effect	p. 266
Effect of a Canopy	p. 268
Evaluation of Solar Radiation Conversion into Heat	p. 272
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Solar Cylindrical-Parabolic Cooker	p. 279
Introductory Remarks	p. 279
Description of the SCPC	p. 281
Mathematical Model for Energy Analysis of the SCPC	p. 282
Mathematical Consideration of the Exergy Analysis of an SCPC	p. 285
Conclusion Regarding the Solar Cylindrical-Parabolic Cooker	p. 300
Nomenclature for Chapter 10	p. 300
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solar Chimney Power Plant	p. 303
Introduction	p. 303
Description of the Plant as the Thermodynamic Problem	p. 304
The Main Assumptions for the Simplified Mathematical Model of the SCPP	p. 308
Energy Analysis	p. 310
Exergy Analysis	p. 321
Exergy Analysis Using the Mechanical Exergy Component for a Substance	p. 325
Trends of Response for the Varying Input Parameters	p. 327
Nomenclature for Chapter 11	p. 330
Thermodynamic Analysis of Photosynthesis	p. 333
Objectives of the Chapter	p. 333
Simplified Description of Photosynthesis	p. 334
Some Earlier Work About Photosynthesis	p. 335
Assumptions Defining the Simplified Mathematical Model of Photosynthesis	p. 336
Properties of Substance	p. 339
Energy of Substance	p. 339
Entropy of Substance	p. 340
Exergy of Substance	p. 340
Radiation Properties	p. 341
Energy of Radiation	p. 341
Entropy of Radiation	p. 342
Exergy of Radiation	p. 343
Balances Equations	p. 344
Mass Conservation Equations	p. 344
Energy Equation	p. 345
Entropy Equation	p. 346
Exergy Equations	p. 346
Perfection Degrees of Photosynthesis	p. 347
Some Aspects Inspired by the Example Calculations	p. 349
Trends Responsive to Varying Input Parameters	p. 349
Relation Between the Environment Temperature, Leaf Temperature, and Rate of Sugar Generation	p. 352
Ratio of Vaporized Water and Assimilated Carbon Dioxide Rates	p. 353
Exergy Losses in the Component Processes of Photosynthesis	p. 354
Increased Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Leaf Surroundings	p. 356
Remarks on the Photosynthesis Degree of Perfection	p. 357
Concluding Remarks	p. 358
Nomenclature for Chapter 12	p. 362
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Photovoltaic	p. 365
Significance of the Photovoltaic	p. 365
General Description of the Photovoltaic	p. 366
Simplified Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solar Cell	p. 367
Nomenclature for Chapter 13	p. 371
References	p. 373
Appendix	p. 379
Prefixes to Derive Names of Secondary Units	p. 379
Typical Constant Values for Radiation and Substance	p. 379
Application of Mathematics to Some Thermodynamic Relations	p. 380
Review of Some Radiation Energy Variables	p. 382
Review of Some Radiation Entropy Variables	p. 384
Review of Some Radiation Exergy Variables	p. 386
Exergy of Liquid Water	p. 387
Index	p. 389
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Richard (Ryszard) Petela, D.Sc., Ph.D., is president of the Technology Scientific Ltd. He has researched and lectured courses in engineering thermodynamics, energy conversion processes, heat and mass transfer, combustion, and fuel technology. Dr Petela is the associate editor for the Journal of Solar Energy.

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