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Elements of Crisis Intervention: Crises & How to Respond to Them

ISBN: 9780534199081 | 0534199089
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Brooks Cole
Pub. Date: 4/2/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
Brief, handy, and affordable, this primer for crisis workers distills the practice of Crisis Intervention into its basic elements. Invaluable as a tool for easy reference, the authors offer straightforward guidelines appropriate for experienced professionals and novice helpers alike. Easy to access and easy to use, the handbook is ideal for those who work daily in the field and need immediate, practical assistance. You'll find to-the-point coverage of what constitutes a crisis, the difference between Crisis Intervention and counseling, how to deal with burnout, how to work effectively with children and families in crisis, and much more.
Chapter One APPROACH TO CRISIS INTERVENTION
1(8)
1. Know what a crisis is.
2. Use the crisis cube to plot the course of a crisis.
... MORE
3. Differentiate between the need for Crisis Intervention and the need for counseling.
4. Does the sufferer fit the profile of a crisis-prone person?
5. Which events in the sufferer's life have precipitated the crisis?
6. Is the sufferer in crisis?
7. Know the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral signs and symptoms of psychological reactions to crisis.
Chapter Two PROCEDURE FOR EFFECTIVE CRISIS INTERVENTION
9(18)
1. Act immediately.
2. Take control.
a. Be clear about what and whom you are attempting to control.
b. Enter the crisis scene cautiously.
c. Appear stable, supportive, and able to establish structure.
d. Be clear in your introductory statements.
e. Do not promise things that might not happen.
f. Direct and arrange the pattern of standing or sitting.
g. Guide victims with your eyes and voice rather than through physical force.
h. Use physical force only as a last resort, and only if you are trained and authorized to use it.
i. Remove the victim from the crisis situation if possible.
j. Be creative in taking control.
k. Break eye contact between disputants.
l. Separate the victims if necessary.
3. Assess the situation.
a. Evaluate on the spot.
b. Make the evaluation quick, accurate, and comprehensive.
c. Do not take a lengthy life history. Focus on the present crisis and the events that precipitated it.
d. Ask short, direct questions.
e. Ask questions one at a time.
f. Allow the victim time to answer.
g. Do not bombard victims with questions.
h. Be comfortable with silence.
i. Avoid interrupting the victim.
j. Clarify the crisis.
k. Allow the crisis to be the victim's crisis.
l. Assess both the actual and the symbolic meaning of the crisis event.
m. Use the sufferer's body language and non-verbal cues as a source of additional information.
n. Listen for what is not being said.
o. Return control to the victim as soon as possible.
4. Decide how to handle the situation after you have assessed it.
a. Help victims identify and mobilize their own resources.
b. Mobilize social resources.
c. Hold out hope that a solution is possible.
d. Develop options.
e. Help parties to the crisis make an agreement.
5. Refer as needed; follow up as possible.
a. Have prepared referral information available.
b. Keep your list of referral sources up to date.
c. Make appropriate referrals.
d. Follow up as agreed.
6. Utilize the American Academy of Crisis Interveners Lethality Scale and the Life Change Index Scale if needed.
Chapter Three A POTPOURRI OF MISTAKEN ASSUMPTIONS
27(4)
1. "If you can't help them, at least don't hurt them."
2. "I know exactly how you feel."
3. "If I ask about suicide, the person might do it."
4. "I can relax after the parties are seated."
5. "Listening to and acknowledging feelings implies that I agree."
6. "My degree, badge, or profession will automatically make me an effective intervener."
Chapter Four SPECIAL ISSUES
31(8)
1. Take safety seriously.
a. Approach the crisis slowly.
b. Don't park in front of the building where the crisis is occurring.
c. Approach doors carefully.
d. Expect the unexpected.
e. Listen for clues.
f. Maintain control.
g. Visually frisk the people involved.
h. Remain observant.
i. Separate disputants if necessary.
j. Seat the victims.
k. Sit attentively.
l. Do not turn your back.
m. Bring disputants back together.
n. Maintain eye contact with your partner.
o. Break eye contact between disputants.
p. Plan your office with safety in mind.
q. Intervene with a partner.
r. Play the "what if" game.
s. Make contingency plans.
2. Be sensitive to gender, racial, and ethnic issues.
a. Become aware of your own cultural biases.
b. Ask for clarification as needed.
c. Do not impose your personal values.
d. Be willing to test, adapt, and change your perceptions to fit your new experience with people from another culture.
Chapter Five INTERVENER SURVIVAL
39(6)
1. Recognize the signs and symptoms of stress and burnout.
2. Take care of yourself.
a. Eat nutritiously.
b. Get enough rest.
c. Exercise regularly.
d. Set realistic goals for yourself.
e. Plan for fun and relaxation.
f. Be responsible for self-direction.
g. Be concerned about personal safety.
3. Become aware of your own personal issues.
Chapter Six CHILDREN'S REACTION TO CRISIS
45(16)
1. Teachers: Take care of yourselves and each other.
2. Learn the "typical" reactions of normal children in each age group.
3. Refer the family for professional help as needed.
4. Create age- and grade-appropriate activities for children in crisis.
a. Preschool
b. Elementary School
c. Junior and Senior High School
(1) Journalism
(2) Science
(3) English Composition
(4) Literature
(5) Psychology
(6) Peer Counseling
(7) Health
(8) Art
(9) Speech and Drama
(10) Mathematics
(11) Civics and Government
(12) History
Chapter Seven HOT-LINE WORKERS
61(6)
1. Learn the Do's to effective hot-line interactions.
2. Avoid the Don's that can lead to ineffective hot-line interactions.
3. Learn to handle the difficult caller.
Chapter Eight FAMILY CRISIS
67(8)
1. Follow the thirty steps for handling family crisis.
2. Learn how parents can help their children cope with crisis-related feelings.
3. In preparing for holidays, follow the twenty steps for avoiding holiday crisis.
Chapter Nine GRIEF
75(8)
1. Look for the grief component in the crisis.
2. Recognize what grief victims may experience.
3. Teach the sufferer to use self-intervention.
4. Help the sufferer cope with separation or loss.
5. Recognize the recurring reactions of sufferers of tragic events.
Chapter 10 LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF CRISIS INTERVENTION
83(8)
1. Know the laws that may govern what you do.
2. Treat victims as human beings rather than as cases.
3. Intervene within the limits of your background, training, and experience.
4. If you begin an intervention, stay with it unless you are relieved by someone with greater skill.
5. If possible, obtain consent before intervening.
6. Maintain confidentiality of all information you obtain.
7. Document all your actions in an intervention.
8. Maintain your professional competency.
9. Respect the victim's right to privacy.
10. Think before you act.
Appendix Communicating Effectively with Those in Crisis91(14)
Bibliography105

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