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| Introduction to Educational Technology | p. 1 |
| Introduction to Learning and Technology | p. 3 |
| Welcome | p. 4 |
| Making a Comparison: A Construction Metaphor | |
| Vision of the Text: Where Are We Going? | p. 4 |
| Learning | p. 5 |
| What Exactly Is Learning? | |
| How Does Learning Typically Occur? | |
| Why Is the Study of Learning Important? | |
| ... MORE | |
| How Can the Learning Experience Be Enhanced? | |
| The Teacher as Instructional Expert | |
| The Learning Environment: Shifts Toward Learner-Centered Instruction | |
| Technology | p. 13 |
| Why Is the Study of Technology Important? | |
| What Exactly Is Educational Technology? | |
| How Is Educational Technology Utilized? | |
| What Is the Meaningful Integration of Technology? | |
| How Is the Meaningful Integration of Technology Accomplished? | |
| The Role of Instruction | p. 19 |
| Instructional Design | |
| Instructional Media | |
| Instructional Computing | |
| Summary | p. 22 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 22 |
| Theory into Application | p. 24 |
| Introduction | p. 25 |
| The Value of Theory | p. 25 |
| Learning Theory | p. 26 |
| Behavioral Perspective | |
| Information Processing Perspective | |
| Constructivist Perspective | |
| Selecting Theoretical Principles | p. 38 |
| Summary | p. 40 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 40 |
| Computers and Computer Tools for Teaching and Learning | p. 42 |
| Introduction | p. 43 |
| Understanding Computer Systems | p. 43 |
| Hardware | |
| Software | |
| Computer Operation | |
| Computer System Evaluation and Acquisition | p. 47 |
| Troubleshooting Computer Problems | p. 49 |
| Computer as Teacher, Learner, and Assistant | p. 52 |
| Computer Tools | p. 53 |
| Word Processors | |
| Graphics Tools | |
| Presentation Software | |
| Computer Databases | |
| Electronic Spreadsheets | |
| Telecommunications Tools | |
| Other Tools | |
| Summary | p. 64 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 64 |
| Planning the Technology-Enhanced Learning Experience | p. 67 |
| Technology and Instructional Situations: Understanding Learners, Learning Objectives, and Learning Environments | p. 69 |
| Introduction | p. 70 |
| Overview of Instructional Planning | p. 70 |
| Students | p. 71 |
| Gender | |
| Socioeconomic Status | |
| Culture and Ethnicity | |
| Existing Knowledge of the Content | |
| Motivation | |
| Learning Style | |
| Special Needs | |
| Technology Literacy | |
| Diversity as an Asset | |
| Objectives | p. 79 |
| Sources of Objectives | |
| Specifying Lesson Objectives | |
| Composing Objectives | |
| Learning Environment | p. 83 |
| Summary | p. 84 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 84 |
| Technology and Instructional Planning: Identifying the Plan's Key Activities | p. 86 |
| Introduction | p. 86 |
| Developing Instructional Activities | p. 87 |
| Motivation Activities | |
| Orientation Activities | |
| Information Activities | |
| Application Activities | |
| Evaluation Activities | |
| Instructional Plans as Heuristic Guides | p. 91 |
| Making Plans Congruent | |
| Practical Benefits of Plans | p. 95 |
| Before Instruction | |
| During Instruction | |
| After Instruction | |
| Summary | p. 99 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 99 |
| Instructional Methods: Identifying Ways to Involve Learners | p. 101 |
| Introduction | p. 102 |
| What Are Instructional Methods and Why Are They Important? | p. 102 |
| Presentation | |
| Demonstration | |
| Discussion | |
| Games | |
| Simulation | |
| Cooperative Learning | |
| Discovery | |
| Problem Solving | |
| Drill and Practice | |
| Tutorial | |
| Can You Combine Methods? | p. 112 |
| Which Method(s) to Use? | p. 113 |
| Summary | p. 117 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 117 |
| Instructional Media: Involving Multiple Senses of Learners | p. 118 |
| Introduction | p. 119 |
| Instructional Media | p. 119 |
| Text | |
| Visuals | |
| Audio | |
| Video | |
| Real Objects and Models | |
| Multimedia | |
| Which Medium? | p. 132 |
| Summary | p. 138 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 138 |
| Technology and Instructional Material Selection, Adaptation, and Creation | p. 139 |
| Introduction | p. 140 |
| Instructional Materials | p. 141 |
| Instructional Materials, Methods, and Media: How They Work Together to Ensure Learning | p. 141 |
| When and Where Are Instructional Materials Included within the Learning Plan? | p. 141 |
| Determining the Value of Instructional Materials | p. 142 |
| Where Do We Acquire Instructional Materials? | p. 143 |
| Selecting Existing Instructional Materials | |
| Modifying Available Instructional Materials | |
| Creating New Instructional Materials | |
| Formative Evaluation of Instructional Materials | p. 150 |
| Locating, Adapting, Creating, and Evaluating Instructional Materials: How Can Technology Help? | p. 151 |
| Copyright Issues | p. 152 |
| Summary | p. 157 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 157 |
| Meaningful Integration of Technology | p. 159 |
| Integration of Computers to Support Learning | p. 161 |
| Introduction | p. 162 |
| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate the Computer in the Learning Experience | p. 163 |
| Computer as Teacher | p. 163 |
| Scenario: States and Capitals | |
| Categories of Computer-Assisted Instruction | |
| Integrated Learning Systems | |
| Problems and Pitfalls | |
| Computer as Assistant | p. 170 |
| Scenario: Stock Market Game | |
| Common Computer Assistant Tools | |
| Problems and Pitfalls | |
| Computer as Learner (Student as Teacher) | p. 177 |
| Scenario: Multimedia Reports | |
| Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring | |
| Problems and Pitfalls | |
| Issues Involved in Integrating the Use of Computers | p. 182 |
| Summary | p. 184 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 184 |
| Integration of the Internet to Support Learning | p. 185 |
| Introduction | p. 186 |
| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate the Internet in the Learning Experience | p. 186 |
| What Is the Internet and How Do I Connect? | p. 187 |
| Uses of the Internet | p. 187 |
| Communication | |
| Information Retrieval | |
| Information Publishing | |
| Internet Applications for Communication | p. 190 |
| E-Mail and Mailing Lists | |
| Newsgroups | |
| Instant Messaging and Chat | |
| Others | |
| Classroom Applications | |
| Internet Applications for Information Retrieval | p. 194 |
| Scavenger Hunts | |
| WebQuests | |
| Classroom Applications | |
| Internet Applications for Information Publishing | p. 201 |
| Web Authoring | |
| Classroom Applications | |
| Problems and Pitfalls | p. 203 |
| Issues Involved in the Use of the Internet in the Classroom | p. 206 |
| Copyright and Fair Use of Materials on the Web | |
| Security and Information Privacy | |
| Evaluating the Quality of Websites | |
| Summary | p. 209 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 210 |
| Integration of Distance Education to Support Learning | p. 211 |
| Introduction | p. 212 |
| Technology Integration Process: Preparing to Integrate Distance Education in the Learning Experience | p. 212 |
| What Is Distance Education? | p. 213 |
| Distance Education Technologies | p. 213 |
| Audio-Based Technologies | |
| Video-Based Technologies | |
| Computer-Based Technologies | |
| Planning for Distance Education | p. 216 |
| Benefits of Distance Education | |
| Understanding the Distance Education Learner | |
| Preparing for Distance Education | |
| Problems and Pitfalls | |
| Implementing Distance Education | p. 222 |
| Distance Education Examples | |
| Strategies for Teaching at a Distance | |
| Assessing Student Performance in Distance Education | p. 225 |
| Utilization Guidelines for Distance Education | p. 226 |
| Issues Related to Distance Education | p. 227 |
| Copyright | |
| Support | |
| Policy Issues | |
| Summary | p. 229 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 230 |
| Ensuring Successful Technology-Enhanced Learning Experiences | p. 231 |
| Evaluation of Students and Materials | p. 233 |
| Introduction | p. 234 |
| What Is Evaluation? | p. 234 |
| Why Evaluate? | p. 235 |
| Evaluating the Students | |
| Evaluating the Instruction | |
| How to Evaluate | p. 237 |
| Techniques to Evaluate Student Learning | |
| Techniques to Evaluate Instruction | |
| Summary of Techniques to Evaluate Instruction | |
| Summary | p. 252 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 253 |
| Technology and Learning Today and Tomorrow | p. 255 |
| Issues in Integrating Technology | p. 257 |
| Introduction | p. 258 |
| How Can the Integration of Technology Be Effectively Accomplished? | p. 258 |
| What Barriers to Integration of Technology May Be Encountered? | p. 262 |
| What Are the Costs Involved? | |
| How Can We Address and Overcome the Barriers to Integration? | p. 266 |
| What Additional Issues May the Integration of Technology Create? | p. 267 |
| Equity and Other Issues of Access | |
| Legal, Ethical, and Security Issues | |
| Why Invest the Time, Energy, and Cost into the Integration of Technology? | p. 274 |
| Technology as a Means to Address Difficulties in Teaching and Learning | |
| Technology as a Change Agent | |
| Technology as a Means to Maintain Economic Competitiveness | |
| Summary | p. 276 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 277 |
| Trends in Educational Technology | p. 278 |
| Introduction | p. 279 |
| Educational Technology in the Past | p. 279 |
| Instructional Design Roots | |
| Educational Media Roots | |
| Educational Computing Roots | |
| Educational Technology Today | p. 284 |
| Educational Technology Status | |
| Educational Technology in the Schools of Today | |
| Educational Technology in the Future | p. 288 |
| Horizon Technologies | |
| Schooling and Education in the Future | |
| Summary | p. 295 |
| Suggested Resources | p. 295 |
| National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for Teachers | p. 297 |
| Kevin Spencer's Sample Lesson Plan (Civil War Unit) | p. 299 |
| Glossary | p. 305 |
| References | p. 315 |
| Name Index | p. 319 |
| Subject Index | p. 321 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |