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Early Childhood Education Today

ISBN: 9780137499793 | 0137499795
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 9/1/1997

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SummaryTable of Contents
This comprehensive book provides the knowledge and skills that prospective early childhood teachers need in order to confidently educate young children while effectively collaborating with parents, other professionals, and community agencies. It encourages readers to take full advantage of the educational arena to give all young children the tools they need to succeed in school and in life. The broadest foundational coverage available is organized around seven core themes: Professionalism in Practice, Theory to Practice, Diversity, Family-Centered/Community-Based Practice, Timeliness, Developmentally-Appropriate Practice, and Applying Technology. Throughout the material, special features showcase the reality of early childhood education ¿as it happens¿ today. Special coverage of Child Care facilitates students' understanding of the field of child care, offering ideas for developing plans to meet the childcare needs of the future. Discusses Federal and State Support for Early Childhood Programs --covering such programs as Head Start and Even Start.
PART ONE Early Childhood Education and Professional Development1(58)
1 You and Early Childhood Education: What Does It Mean to Be a Professional?
2(26)
... MORE
Who Is an Early Childhood Professional?
4(1)
The Knowledge Base of the Profession
The Process of Becoming a Professional
4(12)
Qualities of Early Childhood Professionals
Terminology of Early Childhood Education
Preparing for a Career in Early Childhood Education
16(8)
Developing a Philosophy of Education
A Good Teacher: A Lesson from History
Ethical Standards for the Profession
What Does the Future Hold for the Early Childhood Professional?
24(2)
Activities for Further Enrichment
26(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
26(1)
Notes
27(1)
2 Early Childhood Education Today: Understanding Current Issues
28(31)
Contemporary Issues Affecting Early Childhood Education
30(5)
Women's Movement
Working Parents
Rising Incomes
Single Parents
Fathers
Teenage Parents: Children Having Children
Changing Families
35(2)
Families and Early Childhood
Paradigm Shifts in Early Childhood Education
37(18)
Public Policy and Early Childhood Education
Politics and Early Childhood Education
State Involvement in Early Childhood Programs
The Public Schools and Early Education
Business Involvement in Early Childhood Programs
The Ecology of Early Childhood
How Do Views of Children Make Lasting Influences?
The Return of Child-Centered Education
Activities for Further Enrichment
55(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
56(1)
Notes
57(2)
PART TWO The Development of Early Childhood Programs59(92)
3 The Past: Prologue to the Present
60(34)
Why Is the Past Important?
62(1)
Rebirth of Ideas
Build the Dream
Implement Current Practice
Empower Professionals
Inspire Professionals
Historical Influences on Early Childhood Education
62(12)
Martin Luther
John Amos Comenius
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Robert Owen
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
Common Beliefs of Great Educators
Modern Influences
74(7)
Maria Montessori
John Dewey
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Abraham Maslow
Erik Erikson
Howard Gardner
From Luther to Vygotsky: Basic Concepts Essential to Good Educational Practices
81(3)
As They Relate to Children
As They Relate to Teachers
As They Relate to Parents
How Has the Recent Past Influenced Early Childhood Education?
84(4)
Research
Poverty
The Open Education Movement
Recurring Themes
88(3)
Activities for Further Enrichment
91(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
92(1)
Notes
93(1)
4 Montessori Education: Respect, Independence, and Self-Directed Learning
94(28)
Why Is Montessori So Popular?
96(1)
Principles of the Montessori Method
96(5)
Respect for the Child
The Absorbent Mind
Sensitive Periods
The Prepared Environment
Self-or Autoeducation
The Role of the Teacher
How Does the Montessori Method Work?
101(9)
Practical Life
Sensory Materials
Academic Materials for Writing, Reading, and Mathematics
Additional Features
Montessori as an Educational System
110(8)
Montessori and the Public Schools
Thoroughly Modern Montessori
Infant Montessori Programs
Frequently Asked Questions
Guidelines for Selecting a Montessori School
Criticisms of the Montessori Method
Further Thoughts
118(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
118(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
119(1)
Notes
120(2)
5 Piaget: Constructivism in Practice
122(29)
Piaget's Definition of Intelligence
124(1)
Constructivism and Intellectual Development
Learning as the Adaption of Mental Constructs
124(5)
The Process of Adaptation
Stages of Intellectual Development
129(7)
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operations Stage
Formal Operations Stage
The High Scope Educational Approach: A Piaget-Based Program
136(11)
Objectives
The Five Elements of the High Scope Approach
Role of the Teacher
A Daily Routine to Support Active Learning
Parent Involvement
Curriculum Themes
Piaget Reconsidered
147(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
148(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
148(1)
Notes
149(2)
PART THREE Developmentally Appropriate Programs and Practices151(166)
6 Infants and Toddlers: Foundation Years for Learning
152(38)
Physical Development
154(1)
Motor Development
155(1)
How Does Intellectual Development Occur?
156(4)
Stages of Cognitive Development
How Does Language Develop?
160(6)
Language Acquisition
Early Childhood
Professionals and Language Learning
How Does Psychosocial Development Occur?
166(3)
Stages of Psychosocial Development
Basic Human Needs
Characteristics of Early Childhood Professionals
169(1)
Characteristics of Quality Infant and Toddler Programs
170(8)
Developmentally Appropriate Programs
Curricula for Infants and Toddlers
Providing Multicultural Environments and Activities
Childproofing Homes and Centers
178(1)
Important Health Issues in Early Childhood Programs
179(8)
Activities for Further Enrichment
187(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
188(1)
Notes
188(2)
7 The Preschool Years: Transitions and New Encounters
190(28)
What Is Preschool?
192(3)
The History of Preschool Education
Why Are Preschools Growing in Popularity?
Should Public Schools Provide Preschool Services?
Who Is the Preschooler?
195(3)
Physical and Motor Development
Cognitive Development
Language Development
How Preschoolers Learn Through Play
198(7)
Purposes of Play
Kinds of Play
The Value of Play
Early Childhood Professionals' Roles in Promoting Play
Issues Associated with Play
The Preschool Curriculum
205(7)
Play as Curriculum
Appropriate Preschool Goals
The Daily Schedule
Important Considerations for Selecting a Good Early Childhood Program
212(4)
Preschool Education Issues
Who Are Preschools For?
The Future of Preschool Education
216(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
216(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
217(1)
Notes
217(1)
8 Kindergarten Education: Learning All You Need to Know
218(37)
The History of Kindergarten Education
220(2)
Who Is Kindergarten For?
222(1)
Should Kindergarten Be Compulsory?
School Readiness: Who Gets Ready for Whom?
222(7)
Maturation and Readiness
Play and Readiness
Important Readiness Skills
Dimensions of Readiness
Making Readiness a National Agenda
What Should Kindergarten Be Like?
229(4)
Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Full-or Half-Day Kindergarten
Assessment in Kindergarten
233(5)
Screening Processes
Screening Instruments and Observational Records
Developmentally Appropriate Assessment
Literacy Education and Young Children
238(7)
Cultural and Social Processes of Literacy Education
Emergent Literacy
Developing Literacy in Young Children
Kindergarten Children and Transitions
245(3)
Issues Related to Kindergarten
248(3)
The Pushed-Down Curriculum
Retention
High-Stakes Testing
The Graying of Kindergarten
The Future of Kindergarten
251(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
251(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
252(1)
Notes
252(3)
9 The Primary Grades: Preparation for Lifelong Success
255(33)
What Are Primary Children Like?
256(4)
Physical Development
Motor Development
Cognitive Development
Moral Development
The Significance of the Primary Years
How Restructuring Is Affecting the Primary Grades
260(1)
Reasons for Restructuring Primary Education
The Contemporary Primary School
261(19)
The New Curriculum for the Primary Grades
Character Education
The Naturalness of Literacy Development
Assessment
280(1)
Authentic Assessment
Promotion
281(2)
Characteristics of Primary Education Professionals
283(2)
The Future of Primary Education
285(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
285(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
286(1)
Notes
286(2)
10 Guiding Children: Creating Environments for Prosocial Behavior
288(29)
What Is Guiding Behavior?
290(17)
Know Yourself
Know Child Development
Meet Children's Needs
Help Children Build New Behaviors
Establish Appropriate Expectations
Arrange and Modify the Environment
Model Appropriate Behavior
Provide Guidance
Avoid Problems
Involve Parents and Families
Promote Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Teach Cooperative Living and Learning
Use Conflict Management and Resolution Techniques
Behavior Modification Approaches to Guiding Behavior
307(2)
Reinforced Misbehavior
Positive Reinforcement
Understanding Behavior
Reinforcing Behavior
309(2)
Appropriate Reinforcers
Praise as a Reinforcer
Contingency Management
Token System
Time-Out
Development of Autonomous Behavior
311(2)
Physical Punishment
313(1)
Trends in Behavior Guidance
313(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
314(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
315(1)
Notes
315(2)
PART FOUR Developing Curricula to Meet the Special Needs of Young Children317(108)
11 Technology and Young Children: Education for the Information Age
318(34)
The Computer Generation
320(4)
Technology: A Definition
Technological Literacy
The Technology of Teaching and Learning
Computers in Early Childhood Programs
324(20)
Appropriate Use of Technology
Multicultural Technology
Bilingual Education Technology
Technology and Children with Special Needs
Software for Young Children
Integrated Learning Systems
Other Technological Applications
Early Childhood Professionals and Technology
344(3)
Research on Technology and Education
Issues in Technology
347(3)
Equity
Antibias
Integration
Appropriate Use
Drill versus Discovery
Higher-Order Learning
Computer Literacy
The Future
350(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
350(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
350(1)
Notes
351(1)
12 Multiculturalism: Education for Living in a Diverse Society
352(33)
Who Are Multicultural Children?
354(2)
What Is Multicultural Infusion?
356(20)
Foster Cultural Awareness
Teach to Children's Learning Styles
Encourage Cooperative Learning
Promote and Use Conflict Resolution Strategies
Welcome Parent and Community Involvement
Programs That Support Multicultural Education
376(4)
Bilingual Education
Native American and Native Alaskan Education
Head Start and Multicultural Programming
Trends in Multicultural Education
380(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
381(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
382(1)
Notes
383(2)
13 Children with Special Needs: Providing Appropriate Education for All
385(40)
Children with Disabilities
386(20)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Inclusion
Strategies for Teaching Children with Disabilities
Gifted and Talented Children
406(5)
Nature or Nurture?
Educating the Gifted and Talented
Children Who Have Been Abused or Neglected
411(10)
Causes of Abuse
Seeking Help
Child Abuse Prevention Curricula
Homeless Children
Childhood Stress
Activities for Further Enrichment
421(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
422(1)
Notes
423(2)
PART FIVE The Role of Families and the Federal Government in Developing Early Childhood Programs425(98)
14 Child Care: Meeting the Needs of Children, Parents, and Families
426(38)
Why Is Child Care So Popular?
428(1)
Terminology of Child Care
428(1)
Types of Child Care Programs
428(19)
Full-Service Child and Family Programs
Child Care by Family and Relatives
Family Daycare
Intergenerational Child Care
Center Child Care
Employer-Sponsored Child Care Programs
Proprietary Child Care
Foster Child Care
Baby-sitters
Drop-In or Casual Child Care
Military Child Care
Child Care for Children with Medical Needs
Before- and Afterschool Care
Locating Child Care
447(1)
Funding and Support for Child Care
447(2)
Who Should Pay for Child Care?
How Much Should Child Care Cost?
Federally Supported Child Care
449(3)
Child Care and Development Block Grant
Child Care Component of the Child and Adult Care Food Program
Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Child Care Tax Credits
Training and Certification for Early Childhood Personnel
452(1)
Certificate Programs
Degree Programs
The CDA National Credentialing Program
What Constitutes Quality Child Care?
453(4)
How Parents Define Quality
Developmental Needs
Appropriate and Safe Environment
Caregiver-Child Ratio
Developmentally Appropriate Programs
Family Involvement
Staff Training and Development
Knowledge of Children
Program Accreditation
Agreement Between Parents and Care Providers
Advocacy and Quality Child Care: Child Care Aware
Child Care Issues
457(4)
Who Does Child Care Serve?
The Effects of Child Care on Children
Interactions Among the Home, the Workplace, and Child Care
State and National Licensing Standards
Improving the Quality of Child Care
Future Trends in Child Care
461(1)
Activities for Further Enrichment
462(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
462(1)
Notes
463(1)
15 Parent, Family, and Community Involvement: Cooperation and Collaboration
464(28)
Changes in Schooling
466(1)
Goals 2000
Political and Social Forces
Changing Families
467(1)
Education as a Family Affair
468(4)
Family-Centered Teaching
Family-Centered Curriculum and Instruction
Two-Generation and Intergenerational Programs
Who Is a Parent and What Is a Family?
472(2)
Implications of Family Patterns for Early Childhood Professionals
Guidelines for Involving Parents and Families
474(11)
Four Approaches to Parent and Family Involvement
Activities for Involving Families
Conducting Parent-Professional Conferences
Involving Single-Parent Families
Involving Language-Minority Parents and Families
Involving Teenage Parents
Involving Fathers
Involving Other Caregivers
Community Involvement and More
485(4)
Using the Community to Teach
School-Business Involvement
National Organizations
Website Connections
Activities for Further Enrichment
489(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
490(1)
Notes
490(2)
16 The Federal Government: Supporting Children's Success
492(31)
Federal Support for Early Childhood Programs
494(1)
Families and Poverty
The Federal Definition of Poverty
Head Start: A Two-Generation Program
495(4)
History and Operating Principles
Goal and Purposes
499(1)
Program Design and Management
499(3)
Parents and Families
Administration
Head Start Services
502(15)
Implementation of Services
Education and Development for All Children
Child Health and Safety
Services to Children with Disabilities
Family and Community Partnerships
New Initiatives, Future Directions
Is Head Start Effective?
517(2)
Head Start in the Twenty-First Century
Other Federal Programs
519(1)
Even Start
Child Care
Activities for Further Enrichment
520(1)
Readings for Further Enrichment
521(1)
Notes
521(2)
Appendix A The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct523(6)
Appendix B Highlights of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child529(2)
Appendix C NAEYC Guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs531(28)
Appendix D Highlights of the NAEYC Position Statement: Technology and Young Children559(1)
Appendix E Individualized Family Service Plan560(8)
Appendix F CDA Competency Goals and Functional Areas568(1)
Index569

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