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Drugs and Behavior : An Introduction to Behavioral Pharmacology

ISBN: 9780132197885 | 013219788X
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Pearson
Pub. Date: 10/4/2006

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SummaryTable of Contents
For undergraduate courses in Drugs and Behavior Psychopharmacology, as well as graduate survey courses in Psychopharmacology. This text gives an up-to-date description of the field of Behavioral Pharmacology. It starts by describing basic pharmacological concepts of drug administration and pharmacokinetics, research methodology including clinical trials, tolerance and withdrawal, drug conditioning, addiction processes, and neuroscience of drug action. Each chapter, thereafter, applies these concepts to different classes of both recreational and... MORE
Prefacexv
Some Basic Pharmacology
1(24)
What is a Drug?
1(1)
... MORENames of Drugs
2(1)
Describing Dosages
3(2)
Potency and Effectiveness
5(1)
Primary Effects and Side Effects
5(1)
Drug Interactions
6(1)
Pharmacokinetics
6(1)
Routes of Administration
6(2)
Absorption from Parenteral Sites
8(1)
Inhalation of Gases
9(2)
Inhalation of Smoke and Solids
11(1)
Oral Administration
11(1)
The Digestive System
12(2)
Transdermal Administration
14(1)
Distribution of Drugs
15(1)
Excretion and Metabolism
16(2)
First-Pass Metabolism
18(1)
Factors That Alter Drug Metabolism
19(2)
Combining Absorption and Excretion Functions
21(1)
The Therapeutic Window
22(1)
Chapter Summary
23(2)
Research Design and the Behavioral Analysis of Drug Effects
25(17)
Research Design
25(4)
Nonexperimental Research
29(1)
The Study of Behavior
30(1)
Level of Arousal
31(1)
Measuring Performance in Humans
32(2)
Measuring Behavior in Nonhumans
34(3)
Dissociation
37(1)
Stimulus Properties of Drugs
38(1)
Development and Testing of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
38(2)
Chapter Summary
40(2)
Tolerance, Withdrawal, Sensitization, and Conditioning of Drug Effects
42(15)
Tolerance
42(1)
Mechanisms of Tolerance
43(2)
Withdrawal Symptoms and Physical Dependence
45(3)
Tolerance and Conditioning
48(5)
Sensitization
53(1)
Expectancy and Context
54(1)
Chapter Summary
55(2)
Neurophysiology, Neurotransmitters, and the Nervous System
57(34)
The Neuron
57(5)
The Synapse
62(6)
Neurotransmitters
68(4)
The Nervous System
72(8)
Development of the Nervous System
80(1)
Brain Imaging of Drug Effects
81(8)
Chapter Summary
89(2)
Dependence, Addiction, and the Self-Administration of Drugs
91(37)
History of Addiction Research
92(3)
Defining Addiction
95(1)
Addiction as Physical Dependence
96(2)
Modern Behavioral and Neuroscientific Explanations
98(2)
Drugs as Positive and Negative Reinforcers
100(3)
Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans
103(2)
Measuring the Reinforcing Value of Drugs
105(1)
Factors That Alter the Reinforcing Value of Drugs
106(5)
The Neuroanatomy of Motivation and Reinforcement
111(4)
What Happens During Addiction?
115(1)
Incentive Sensitization Theory
115(3)
Hedonic Dysregulation and Adaptation
118(1)
Behavioral Economics: Choosing to Use Drugs
119(4)
Behavioral Economics: Price and Demand
123(2)
Chapter Summary
125(3)
Alcohol
128(33)
Source of Alcohol
128(1)
Measurement of Alcohol Content
129(1)
Origin and History
129(4)
Measuring Alcohol Levels in the Body
133(1)
Route of Administration and Pharmacokinetics
133(1)
Absorption
134(1)
Inhalation
135(1)
Distribution
135(2)
Excretion
137(1)
Neuropharmacology
138(1)
Effects of Alcohol
139(1)
Effects on Human Behavior and Performance
140(3)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
143(1)
Discriminative Stimulus Properties
144(1)
Tolerance
144(1)
Withdrawal
145(1)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
146(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
146(2)
Alcoholism
148(3)
Harmful Effects of an Acute Administration
151(1)
Harmful Effects of Chronic Consumption
152(3)
Benefits of Alcohol Consumption
155(1)
Treatments
156(3)
Chapter Summary
159(2)
Tranquilizers and Sedative-Hypnotics
161(18)
Introduction
161(1)
History
161(2)
Route of Administration and Absorption
163(1)
Distribution and Excretion
163(1)
Neurophysiology
164(2)
Effects on the Body
166(1)
Effects on Behavior and Performance of Humans
167(1)
Effects on Performance
168(1)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
169(1)
Discriminative Stimulus Properties
170(1)
Tolerance
170(1)
Withdrawal
171(2)
Self-Administration in Humans
173(2)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
175(1)
Harmful Effects
176(1)
Treatment
177(1)
Chapter Summary
177(2)
Solvents, Anesthetics, and Inhaled Substances
179(19)
Introduction
179(1)
Sources of Inhaled Substances
179(3)
History
182(3)
Route of Administration
185(1)
Absorption Distribution and Excretion
186(1)
Neurophysiology
187(1)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
187(1)
Effects on the Behavior of Humans
188(2)
Discriminative Stimulus Properties
190(1)
Tolerance and Withdrawal
190(1)
Harmful Effects
191(2)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
193(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
193(2)
Prevention and Treatment
195(1)
Chapter Summary
196(2)
Tobacco and Nicotine
198(22)
Preparations
198(1)
History
199(2)
Route of Administration
201(2)
Distribution
203(1)
Excretion
203(1)
Neurophysiological Effects
204(1)
Effects of Tobacco
204(2)
Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans
206(2)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
208(1)
Drug State Discrimination
208(1)
Withdrawal Symptoms
209(1)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
209(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
210(4)
Harmful Effects
214(3)
Treatments
217(1)
Chapter Summary
218(2)
Caffeine and the Methylxanthines
220(21)
Sources of Methylxanthines
220(3)
History of Methylxanthine Use
223(2)
Route of Administration
225(1)
Absorption
225(1)
Distribution
225(1)
Excretion
226(1)
Neurophysiology
226(1)
Effects of Caffeine and the Methylxanthines
227(3)
Discriminative Stimulus Properties
230(2)
Withdrawal
232(1)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
233(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
234(2)
Harmful Effects
236(2)
Epilogue
238(1)
Chapter Summary
239(2)
Psychomotor Stimulants
241(20)
Sources
241(1)
History
242(2)
Routes of Administration and Absorption
244(1)
Distribution
245(1)
Excretion
245(1)
Neurophysiology
246(1)
Effects of Psychomotor Stimulants
247(1)
Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans
247(4)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
251(1)
Dissociation and Drug State Discrimination
252(1)
Tolerance
252(1)
Withdrawal
253(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
254(1)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
254(2)
Harmful Effects
256(2)
Treatment
258(1)
Chapter Summary
259(2)
Opiates and Opioids
261(22)
Origins and Sources of Opioids
261(2)
History
263(1)
Routes of Administration
264(1)
Distribution
265(1)
Excretion
265(1)
Neurophysiology
265(3)
Effects of Opioids
268(1)
Effects on Human Behavior and Performance
268(3)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
271(1)
Drug State Discrimination
272(1)
Tolerance
272(1)
Withdrawal
273(1)
Self-Administration in Humans
274(1)
Self-Administration in Nonhumans
275(1)
Harmful Effects
276(3)
Treatment
279(3)
Chapter Summary
282(1)
Antipsychotic Drugs
283(14)
Types of Antipsychotics
284(1)
The Nature of Psychosis and Schizophrenia
285(2)
History
287(1)
Routes of Administration
288(1)
Absorption and Distribution
288(1)
Excretion
288(1)
Neurophysiology
288(4)
Effects of Antipsychotics
292(1)
Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans
293(1)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
293(1)
Drug State Discrimination and Dissociation
294(1)
Tolerance
294(1)
Withdrawal
294(1)
Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans
294(1)
Harmful Effects
295(1)
Other Therapeutic Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs
295(1)
Chapter Summary
295(2)
Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
297(16)
The Nature of Depression and Mania
298(2)
History
300(2)
Absorption
302(1)
Distribution
302(1)
Excretion
302(1)
Neurophysiology
303(2)
Effects of Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
305(2)
Effects on the Behavior and Performance of Humans
307(1)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
308(1)
Discriminative Stimulus Properties
308(1)
Tolerance
309(1)
Withdrawal
309(1)
Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans
309(1)
Harmful Effects
310(1)
Chapter Summary
311(2)
Cannabis
313(23)
The Cannabinoids
313(2)
History
315(2)
Absorption
317(1)
Distribution
318(1)
Excretion
318(1)
Neuropharmacology
319(1)
Effects of Cannabis
320(2)
Effects on Behavior and Performance of Humans
322(3)
Effects on the Behavior of Nonhumans
325(1)
Dissociation
326(1)
Drug State Discrimination
326(1)
Tolerance
327(1)
Withdrawal
327(1)
Self-Administration in Humans and Nonhumans
328(1)
Epidemiology
329(1)
Harmful Effects
330(4)
Epilogue
334(1)
Chapter Summary
335(1)
Hallucinogens, Phantasticants, and Club Drugs
336(21)
LSD and the Monamine-Like Drugs
336(8)
Ecstasy and Synthetic Mescaline-Like Drugs
344(4)
Dissociative Anesthetics: Phencyclidine and Ketamine
348(3)
Dextromethorphan
351(1)
GHB
352(2)
Chapter Summary
354(3)
References357(42)
Index399

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