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Drugs Across the Spectrum

ISBN: 9780534574123 | 0534574122
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Brooks Cole
Pub. Date: 1/18/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
Considered the most comprehensive drug text on the market, Goldberg's four-color text encourages readers to examine the motivation for drug use, social implications of drug use, legal ramifications, and factors affecting how drugs interact with the human body. It provides a look at the history and culture surrounding drug use and abuse, key information regarding specific types of drugs, and a review of drug treatment, education, and prevention approaches and programs. DRUGS ACROSS THE SPECTRUM, FIFTH EDITION also includes a number of resources to support active learning, both in and out of the classroom. From the JoinIn on TurningPoint in-class lecture tool to the support of critical thinking with the new "Fact or Fiction" boxes and popular "Thinking Critically" boxes, students are engaged and educated about the topics and issues related to drugs in society.
An Overall Perspective
Drugs in Perspective
3(22)
Definitions
4(1)
... MORE
Drug Misuse
4(1)
Drug Abuse
5(1)
The Prevalence of Drug Use
5(1)
The Impact of Drug Use and Abuse
6(2)
An Historical Perspective of Drug Use
8(11)
Alcohol
8(2)
Marijuana
10(1)
Narcotics
11(2)
Coffee
13(1)
Cocaine
13(1)
Amphetamines
14(1)
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
14(2)
Hallucinogens
16(1)
Tobacco
17(2)
Summary
19(6)
Drugs in Contemporary Society
25(26)
Drugs From a Social Perspective
26(5)
Patterns of Drug Taking
26(2)
Extent of Drug Use
28(3)
Drug Abuse By Older Adults
31(2)
Drugs in the Workplace
33(3)
Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)
33(1)
Drug Testing
34(2)
Consequences of Drug Use
36(1)
Drugs and the Family
37(1)
Drugs and Deviant Behavior
37(2)
Drugs, Education, and Employment
38(1)
Drug Toxicity
39(1)
Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)
39(2)
Designer Drugs
41(1)
Fentanyl
41(1)
Meperidine
41(1)
Look-alike and Sound-alike Drugs
42(1)
The Drug Business
42(2)
Summary
44(7)
Motivations for Drug Use
51(22)
Reasons for Drug Use
51(4)
Experimentation
52(1)
Pleasure/Escape From Boredom
52(1)
Peer Influence
52(1)
Spiritual Purposes
53(1)
Self-Discovery
54(1)
Social Interaction
54(1)
Rebelliousness
54(1)
Drug Dependency Versus Drug Addiction
55(2)
Theories of Drug Addiction
57(2)
Personality Theories
57(1)
Reinforcement Theory
58(1)
Biological Theories
58(1)
Social Theories
59(1)
Mass Media and Drugs
59(3)
Advertisements
59(2)
Billboards
61(1)
Television
61(1)
Music
61(1)
Celebrities
62(1)
Ergogenic Aids
62(5)
Anabolic Steroids
63(1)
Human Growth Hormones and Erythropoietin
64(1)
Creatine
64(1)
Androstenedione
64(1)
Stimulants
65(1)
Depressants
66(1)
Sexual Performance
66(1)
Summary
67(6)
Drugs and the Law
73(22)
Whiskey Rebellion
73(1)
Significant Laws
74(7)
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
74(1)
Harrison Act of 1914
75(1)
Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
76(1)
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
77(1)
Kefauver-Harris Amendments
78(1)
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
78(1)
Anti-Drug Abuse Act
79(2)
Legal Issues
81(9)
Drug Paraphernalia
81(1)
The War on Drugs
81(1)
Legalization
82(3)
Drug Enforcement
85(2)
Prevention
87(1)
Racism and Drug Enforcement
88(1)
Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentencing
89(1)
Summary
90(5)
The Pharmacology and Physiology of Drug Use
95(24)
Pharmacology
95(1)
Drug Actions
96(1)
The Neuron
96(1)
Neurotransmitters
97(3)
Acetycholine
98(1)
Serotonin
98(1)
Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
99(1)
Catecholamines
99(1)
Peptides
100(1)
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
100(3)
Reticular Activating System
100(1)
Hypothalamus
101(1)
Cerebral Cortex
102(1)
Limbic System
102(1)
Medical Forebrain Bundle
102(1)
Basal Ganglia
102(1)
Perventricular System
103(1)
Brain Stem
103(1)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
103(1)
Somatic Nervous System
104(1)
Autonomic Nervous System
104(1)
Drugs and Major Body Systems
104(2)
Endocrine System
104(1)
Cardiovascular System
105(1)
Respiratory System
105(1)
Gastrointestinal System
105(1)
Factors Influencing the Effects of Drugs
106(4)
Age
106(1)
Gender
106(1)
Dosage
107(1)
Purity and Potency
107(1)
Drug Interactions
108(1)
Tolerance
109(1)
Set and Setting
110(1)
Methods of Administration
110(2)
Oral Ingestion
110(1)
Injection
111(1)
Topical Application
112(1)
Inhalation
112(1)
Summary
112(7)
II Categories of Drugs
Alcohol
119(26)
History of Alcohol Use in the United States
120(5)
Colonial Times
120(1)
Temperance Movement
120(2)
Prohibition
122(1)
Current Alcohol Use
123(2)
Alcoholic Beverages
125(1)
Pharmacology of Alcohol
126(1)
Effects of Alcohol
127(4)
Alcohol and the Brain
127(1)
Alcohol and the Liver
128(1)
Alcohol and the Gastrointestinal Tract
129(1)
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System
129(1)
Alcohol and the Immune System
130(1)
Alcohol and Cancer
130(1)
Alcohol and Women
130(1)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
130(1)
Alcohol-Related Issues
131(2)
Underage Drinking
131(1)
Problem Drinking
132(1)
Alcoholism
132(1)
Withdrawal
133(1)
Causes of Alcoholism
133(2)
Genetics
133(1)
Psychosocial Factors
134(1)
Culture
135(1)
Alcohol and Society
135(3)
Automobile Accidents
135(1)
Accidents
136(1)
Suicide
137(1)
Family Violence
137(1)
Children of Alcoholics
137(1)
Summary
138(7)
Narcotics
145(20)
Extent of Narcotic Use
147(2)
Use in the United States
147(2)
Worldwide Comparison
149(1)
Characteristics of Narcotics
149(2)
Opium
149(1)
Morphine
150(1)
Heroin
150(1)
Synthetic Opiates
150(1)
Physical and Psychological Effects
151(3)
Physical Effects
152(1)
Emotional and Social Effects
153(1)
Needle-Exchange Programs (NEP)
154(1)
Dependency
155(1)
Toxicity
156(1)
Medical Benefits
156(1)
Analgesia
156(1)
Gastrointestinal Difficulties
156(1)
Cough Suppressant
156(1)
Treatment and Support Groups
157(2)
Detoxification
157(1)
Narcotic Antagonists
157(1)
Methadone and Other Treatments
158(1)
Narcotics Anonymous
159(1)
Summary
159(6)
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
165(14)
Barbiturates
165(3)
Types of Barbiturates
166(1)
Effects of Barbiturates
166(1)
Potential Hazards
167(1)
Medical Uses
167(1)
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives
168(1)
Chloral Hydrate
168(1)
Paraldehyde
168(1)
Bromides
168(1)
Meprobamate
168(1)
Methaqualone
169(1)
Misconceptions
169(1)
Effects
169(1)
Minor Tranquilizers
170(2)
Benzodiazepines
170(1)
``Date-Rape'' Drug
171(1)
Inhalants
172(2)
Glue and Other Solvents
173(1)
Anesthetic Inhalants
173(1)
Nitrite Inhalants
174(1)
Summary
174(5)
Psychotherapeutic Drugs
179(14)
Understanding Mental Illness
179(2)
Mental Illness and Medicine
180(1)
Types of Disorders
180(1)
Treatment of Mental Illness Prior to 1950
181(1)
Demographics of Drugs and Mental Disorders
181(1)
Antidepressants
182(2)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
182(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
183(1)
Prozac
184(1)
Zoloft
185(1)
Lithium
185(1)
Effectiveness
185(1)
Side Effects
186(1)
Toxicity
186(1)
Antipsychotic Drugs
186(2)
Effectiveness
187(1)
Side Effects
187(1)
Summary
188(5)
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Caffeine
193(20)
Cocaine
193(9)
Background
193(1)
Properties
194(1)
Mode of Intake
195(1)
Historical Use
195(3)
Crack
198(1)
Cocaine and the Media
198(1)
Effects
199(1)
Dependence
200(1)
Death From Cocaine
201(1)
Cocaine and Pregnancy
201(1)
Amphetamines
202(5)
Early Applications
202(1)
Pharmacology
202(1)
The Amphetamine Trade
203(1)
Consequences of Amphetamine Use
203(1)
Methamphetamines
204(2)
Methcathinone
206(1)
Ritalin
206(1)
Caffeine
207(2)
Pharmacology
207(1)
Properties and Risks
208(1)
Effects of Caffeine
208(1)
Decaffeinated Coffee
208(1)
Caffeinism
209(1)
Summary
209(4)
Tobacco
213(24)
History of Tobacco Use
214(1)
Tobacco in the U. S. Colonies
214(1)
Mechanization and Marketing
214(1)
Opposition and Escalation
215(1)
Costs of Smoking
215(1)
Extent of Tobacco Use
215(3)
Demographics of Smoking
216(1)
Smokeless Tobacco
216(1)
Tobacco Use in Other Countries
217(1)
Clove Cigarettes
218(1)
Cigars
218(1)
Characteristics of Smoking and Smokers
218(4)
Nicotine and Performance
219(1)
Tobacco Use by Young People
219(2)
Nicotine Tolerance and Dependence
221(1)
Symptoms of Withdrawal
221(1)
Pharmacology of Tobacco
222(1)
Physical Effects on the Individual
222(3)
Heart Disease and Strokes
223(1)
Respiratory Diseases
224(1)
Cancer
224(1)
Tobacco and Pregnancy
224(1)
Tobacco and Physical Activity
224(1)
Passive Smoke
225(3)
Effects on Nonsmokers
226(1)
Effects on Children of Smokers
226(1)
Rights of Smokers Versus Nonsmokers
226(1)
Anti-Smoking Legislation
226(1)
Liability and Tobacco-Related Illnesses
227(1)
Cessation Techniques
228(2)
Nicotine Gum
228(1)
Nicotine Patches
229(1)
Nicotine Inhalers
229(1)
Drug Therapy
229(1)
Aversive Techniques
229(1)
Behavior Modification
229(1)
Hypnosis
230(1)
Acupuncture
230(1)
Summary
230(7)
Marijuana
237(16)
Characteristics
237(1)
Species of Marijuana
238(2)
Points of Origin
239(1)
Extent of Use
239(1)
Pharmacology of Marijuana
240(5)
Absorption
240(1)
Tolerance
241(1)
Physical Dependence
241(1)
Psychological Dependence
242(1)
Effects of Marijuana Use
242(1)
Psychological Effects
242(1)
Perceptual Effects
242(1)
Cognitive Effects
243(1)
Amotivational Syndrome
243(1)
Physical Effects
243(2)
Medical Applications
245(1)
Glaucoma
245(1)
Nausea and Vomiting
245(1)
Asthma
245(1)
Additional Medical Uses
246(1)
Decriminalization and Legalization
246(2)
Medical Uses of Marijuana
247(1)
Cost
247(1)
Crime and Violence
248(1)
Summary
248(5)
Hallucinogens
253(16)
Terminology
253(1)
The Origin of Hallucinogens
254(1)
The Search for Hallucinogens
254(1)
Amanita Muscaria
254(1)
Saint Anthony's Fire
254(1)
The U. S. Experience
255(2)
LSD and Mental Health
255(1)
LSD and Creativity
256(1)
LSD and Government Experiments
256(1)
LSD and the U. S. Culture
257(1)
Review of Major Hallucinogens
257(4)
LSD
257(2)
Peyote
259(1)
Psilocybin
260(1)
Anticholinergic Hallucinogens
261(3)
Belladonna
261(1)
Datura
261(1)
Mandrake
262(1)
Nutmeg and Mace
262(1)
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
262(1)
Phencyclidine (PCP)
263(1)
Ketamine
264(1)
Summary
264(5)
Over-the-Counter Drugs
269(16)
Over-the-Counter Drug Market
269(1)
Regulating Over-the-Counter Drugs
270(1)
Categories of Over-the-Counter Drugs
270(1)
Analgesics
270(4)
Aspirin
271(1)
Acetaminophen
272(1)
Ibuprofen
273(1)
Naproxen Sodium and Ketoprofen
274(1)
Cold and Allergy Drugs
274(2)
Antihistamines
274(1)
Cough Medicines
275(1)
Decongestants
275(1)
Antacids
276(1)
Sodium Bicarbonate
276(1)
Calcium Carbonate
276(1)
Salts of Magnesium and Aluminum
276(1)
Sleep Aids and Sedatives
277(1)
OTC Stimulants
277(1)
Weight-Loss Aids
277(1)
Starch Blockers
278(1)
Phenylpropanolamine
278(1)
Benzocaine
278(1)
Being a Smart Consumer
278(1)
Summary
279(6)
III Treatment and Prevention
Substance Abuse Treatment
285(22)
Underlying Causes of Drug Abuse
285(1)
Benefits of Treatment
286(1)
Profile of the Drug Abuser
287(1)
History of Treatment
288(1)
Treatment Issues
289(1)
Voluntary Versus Compulsory Treatment
289(1)
Matching Patients and Treatments
289(1)
Treating Adolescent Drug Abusers
289(1)
Women and Treatment
289(1)
Problems Associated With Treatment
290(2)
Client Resistance to Treatment
290(1)
Community Resistance
290(1)
Continuing Drug Use
290(1)
Relapse
291(1)
Personnel Recruitment and Retention
292(1)
Treatment Programs
292(3)
Methadone Maintenance
292(1)
Therapeutic Communities
293(1)
Outpatient Treatment
294(1)
Inpatient Treatment
294(1)
Self-Help Groups
294(1)
Alcohol Treatment
295(4)
Alcoholics Anonymous
296(2)
Moderate Drinking
298(1)
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
299(1)
Naltrexone
299(1)
Summary
299(8)
Drug Prevention and Education
307(18)
Funding Drug Prevention
307(1)
Changes in Drug Prevention
308(1)
Drug Prevention in Retrospect
308(1)
Effectiveness of Prevention Programs
308(1)
Goals of Drug Prevention
309(1)
Levels of Drug Prevention
309(2)
Primary Prevention
310(1)
Secondary Prevention
310(1)
Tertiary Prevention
310(1)
Identifying High-Risk Youths
311(2)
Resilient Children
311(1)
At-Risk Factors
311(2)
Preventing High-Risk Behavior
313(1)
Education
313(1)
Role of Parents
313(1)
Community Efforts
313(1)
Drug Education
314(2)
The Evolution in Drug Education
314(1)
Limitations of Drug Education
315(1)
Goals of Drug Education
315(1)
One-Size-Fits-All Drug Education
316(1)
Current Approaches to Drug Education
316(2)
Personal and Social Skills Training
316(1)
Resistance Skills Training
317(1)
Drug Prevention Programs
317(1)
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
317(1)
Just Say NO!
318(1)
Effectiveness of Drug Education
318(1)
Health Education
318(1)
Peer Programs
319(1)
Summary
319(6)
Bibliography325(2)
Answers327(2)
Glossary329(8)
Index337

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