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Digital and Analog Communication Systems

ISBN: 9780135225837 | 0135225833
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: PRENTICE HALL
Pub. Date: 10/1/1996

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SummaryTable of Contents
Provides a broad introduction to basic analog and digital principles and their application to the design and analysis of real-world communication systems. Contains MATLAB and MATHCAD exercises.
PREFACExvii(4)
LIST OF SYMBOLS
xxi
1 INTRODUCTION
1(32)
... MORE
1-1 Historical Perspective
2(1)
1-2 Digital and Analog Sources and Systems
2(4)
1-3 Deterministic and Random Waveforms
6(1)
1-4 Organization of This Book
6(1)
1-5 Use of a Personal Computer and MATLAB
7(1)
1-6 Block Diagram of a Communication System
8(1)
1-7 Frequency Allocations
9(1)
1-8 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
10(6)
1-9 Information Measure
16(2)
Example 1-1 Evaluation of Information and Entropy
17(1)
1-10 Channel Capacity and Ideal Communication Systems
18(1)
1-11 Coding
19(11)
Block Codes
21(1)
Convolutional Codes
21(2)
Code Interleaving
23(1)
Code Performance
24(3)
Trellis-Coded Modulation
27(3)
1-12 Preview
30(1)
1-13 Study-aid Examples
30(1)
Problems
31(2)
2 SIGNALS AND SPECTRA
33(94)
2-1 Properties of Signals and Noise
33(10)
Physically Realizable Waveforms
34(1)
Time Average Operator
35(1)
Dc Value
36(1)
Power
37(1)
Example 2-1 Evaluation of Power
38(1)
Rms Value and Normalized Power
39(1)
Energy and Power Waveforms
40(1)
Decibel
40(2)
Phasors
42(1)
2-2 Fourier Transform and Spectra
43(19)
Definition
43(2)
Example 2-2 Spectrum of an Exponential Pulse
45(1)
Properties of Fourier Transforms
46(1)
Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectral Density
47(2)
Example 2-3 Spectrum of a Damped Sinusoid
49(1)
Dirac Delta Function and Unit Step Function
50(2)
Example 2-4 Spectrum of a Sinusoid
52(2)
Rectangular and Triangular-Pulses
54(1)
Example 2-5 Spectrum of a Rectangular Pulse
54(3)
Example 2-6 Spectrum of a Triangular Pulse
57(1)
Convolution
58(1)
Example 2-7 Convolution of a Rectangle with an Exponential
58(1)
Example 2-8 Spectrum of a Triangular Pulse by Convolution
59(1)
Example 2-9 Spectrum of a Switched Sinusoid
60(2)
2-3 Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function
62(3)
Power Spectral Density
62(1)
Autocorrelation Function
63(1)
Example 2-10 PSD of a Sinusoid
63(2)
2-4 Orthogonal Series Representation of Signals and Noise
65(3)
Orthogonal Functions
65(1)
Example 2-11 Orthogonal Complex Exponential Functions
66(1)
Orthogonal Series
66(2)
2-5 Fourier Series
68(10)
Complex Fourier Series
68(2)
Quadrature Fourier Series
70(1)
Polar Fourier Series
71(2)
Line Spectra for Periodic Waveforms
73(2)
Example 2-12 Fourier Coefficients for a Rectangular Wave
75(1)
Power Spectral Density for Periodic Waveforms
76(1)
Example 2-13 PSD for a Square Wave
77(1)
2-6 Review of Linear Systems
78(6)
Linear Time-Invariant Systems
78(1)
Impulse Response
79(1)
Transfer Function
79(2)
Example 2-14 RC Low-Pass Filter
81(2)
Distortionless Transmission
83(1)
Example 2-15 Distortion Caused by a Filter
83(1)
2-7 Bandlimited Signals and Noise
84(9)
Bandlimited Waveforms
86(1)
Sampling Theorem
86(3)
Impulse Sampling
89(3)
Dimensionality Theorem
92(1)
2-8 Discrete Fourier Transform
93(8)
Using the DFT to Compute the Continuous Fourier Transform
94(3)
Example 2-16 DFT for a Rectangular Pulse
97(3)
Using the DFT to Compute the Fourier Series
100(1)
Example 2-17 Use the DFT to Compute the Spectrum of a Sinusoid
100(1)
2-9 Bandwidth of Signals
101(8)
Example 2-18 Bandwidths for a BPSK Signal
105(4)
2-10 Summary
109(1)
2-11 Study-Aid Examples
110(3)
Problems
113(14)
3 BASEBAND PULSE AND DIGITAL SIGNALING
127(99)
3-1 Introduction
127(1)
3-2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation
128(8)
Natural Sampling (Gating)
129(4)
Instantaneous Sampling (Flat-Top PAM)
133(3)
3-3 Pulse Code Modulation
136(12)
Sampling, Quantizing, and Encoding
137(3)
Practical PCM Circuits
140(1)
Bandwidth of PCM
141(2)
Effects of Noise
143(2)
Example 3-1 Design of a PCM System
145(1)
Nonuniform Quantizing: Mu-Law and A-Law Companding
146(2)
3-4 Digital Signaling
148(9)
Vector Representation
150(1)
Example 3-2 Vector Representation of a Binary Signal
151(1)
Bandwidth Estimation
151(1)
Binary Signaling
152(1)
Example 3-3 Binary Signaling
153(1)
Multilevel Signaling
154(1)
Example 3-4 L = 4 Multilevel Signal
155(2)
3-5 Line Codes and Spectra
157(19)
Binary Line Coding
157(2)
Power Spectra for Binary Line Codes
159(7)
Differential Coding
166(1)
Eye Patterns
167(1)
Regenerative Repeaters
168(2)
Bit Synchronization
170(3)
Power Spectra for Multilevel Signals
173(2)
Spectral Efficiency
175(1)
3-6 Intersymbol Interference
176(9)
Nyquist's First Method (Zero ISI)
179(1)
Raised Cosine-Rolloff Filtering
180(2)
Example 3-1 (continued)
182(2)
Nyquist's Second and Third Methods for Control of ISI
184(1)
3-7 Differential Pulse Code Modulation
185(4)
3-8 Delta Modulation
189(7)
Granular Noise and Slope Overload Noise
190(1)
Example 3-5 Design of a DM System
191(2)
Adaptive Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation
193(1)
Speech Coding
194(2)
3-9 Time-Division Multiplexing
196(13)
Frame Synchronization
196(4)
Synchronous and Asynchronous Lines
200(1)
Example 3-6 Design of a Time-Division Multiplexer
201(2)
TDM Hierarchy
203(2)
The Tl PCM System
205(4)
3-10 Pulse Time Modulation: Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Position Modulation
209(1)
3-11 Summary
210(4)
3-12 Study-Aid Examples
214(3)
Problems
217(9)
4 BANDPASS SIGNALING PRINCIPLES AND CIRCUITS
226(69)
4-1 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Waveforms
226(3)
Definitions: Baseband, Bandpass, and Modulation
227(1)
Complex Envelope Representation
228(1)
4-2 Representation of Modulated Signals
229(1)
4-3 Spectrum of Bandpass Signals
230(3)
4-4 Evaluation of Power
233(3)
Example 4-1 Amplitude-Modulated Signal
234(2)
4-5 Bandpass Filtering and Linear Distortion
236(4)
Equivalent Low-Pass Filter
236(2)
Linear Distortion
238(2)
4-6 Bandpass Sampling Theorem
240(1)
4-7 Received Signal Plus Noise
241(1)
4-8 Classification of Filters and Amplifiers
242(5)
Filters
242(4)
Amplifiers
246(1)
4-9 Nonlinear Distortion
247(5)
4-10 Limiters
252(1)
4-11 Mixers, Up Converters, and Down Converters
253(6)
4-12 Frequency Multipliers
259(2)
4-13 Detector Circuits
261(8)
Envelope Detector
261(1)
Product Detector
262(2)
Frequency Modulation Detector
264(5)
4-14 Phase-Locked Loops and Frequency Synthesizers
269(7)
4-15 Direct Digital Synthesis
276(1)
4-16 Transmitters and Receivers
277(6)
Generalized Transmitters
277(2)
Generalized Receiver: The Superheterodyne Receiver
279(2)
Example 4-2 AM Broadcast Superheterodyne Receiver
281(2)
4-17 Summary
283(1)
4-18 Study-Aid Examples
283(5)
Problems
288(7)
5 AM, FM, AND DIGITAL MODULATED SYSTEMS
295(86)
5-1 Amplitude Modulation
296(5)
Example 5-1 Power of an AM Signal
299(2)
5-2 AM Broadcast Technical Standards
301(1)
5-3 Double-Sideband Suppressed Carrier
302(1)
5-4 Costas Loop and Squaring Loop
303(1)
5-5 Asymmetric Sideband Signals
304(7)
Single Sideband
304(4)
Vestigial Sideband
308(3)
5-6 Phase Modulation and Frequency Modulation
311(15)
Representation of PM and FM signals
311(4)
Spectra of Angle-Modulated Signals
315(1)
Example 5-2 Spectrum of a PM or FM Signal with Sinusoidal Modulation
316(5)
Narrowband Angle Modulation
321(1)
Wideband Frequency Modulation
322(1)
Example 5-3 Spectrum for WBFM with Triangular Modulation
323(2)
Preemphasis and Deemphasis in Angle-Modulated Systems
325(1)
5-7 Frequency-Division Multiplexing and FM Stereo
326(3)
5-8 FM and Noise Reduction Standards
329(3)
FM Broadcast Technical Standards
329(1)
Dolby and DBX Noise Reduction Systems
329(3)
5-9 Binary Modulated Bandpass Signaling
332(13)
On-Off Keying (OOK)
332(4)
Binary-Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
336(1)
Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK)
337(1)
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK)
338(1)
Example 5-4 Spectrum of the Bell-Type 103 FSK Modem
339(6)
5-10 Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling
345(7)
Quadrature Phase-Shift (QPSK) Keying and M-ary Phase-Shift Keying (MPSK)
345(1)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
346(3)
Power Spectral Density for MPSK and QAM
349(3)
5-11 Minimum-Shift Keying (MSK)
352(5)
5-12 Spread Spectrum Systems
357(9)
Direct Sequence
358(6)
Frequency Hopping
364(2)
5-13 Summary
366(1)
5-14 Study-Aid Examples
366(3)
Problems
369(12)
6 RANDOM PROCESSES AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
381(77)
6-1 Some Basic Definitions
382(9)
Random Processes
382(1)
Stationarity and Ergodicity
383(1)
Example 6-1 First-Order Stationarity
383(2)
Example 6-2 Ergodic Random Process
385(1)
Correlation Functions and Wide-Sense Stationarity
386(4)
Complex Random Processes
390(1)
6-2 Power Spectral Density
391(13)
Definition
391(1)
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem
392(3)
Properties of the PSD
395(1)
Example 6-3 Evaluation of the PSD for a Polar Baseband Signal
395(4)
General Formula for the PSD of Digital Signals
399(3)
White Noise Processes
402(1)
Measurement of PSD
403(1)
6-3 Dc and Rms Values for Ergodic Random Processes
404(2)
6-4 Linear Systems
406(5)
Input-Output Relationships
406(3)
Example 6-4 Output Autocorrelation and PSD for an RC Low-Pass Filter
409(1)
Example 6-5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio at the Output of an RC Low-Pass Filter
410(1)
6-5 Bandwidth Measures
411(2)
Equivalent Bandwidth
411(1)
Rms Bandwidth
411(2)
Example 6-6 Equivalent Bandwidth and Rms Bandwidth for an RC LPF
413(1)
6-6 The Gaussian Random Process
413(5)
Properties of Gaussian Processes
415(2)
Example 6-7 White Gaussian Noise Process
417(1)
6-7 Bandpass Processes
418(12)
Bandpass Representations
418(3)
Properties of WSS Bandpass Processes
421(3)
Example 6-8 Spectra for the Quadrature Components of White Bandpass Noise
424(1)
Example 6-9 PSD for a BPSK Signal
424(1)
Proofs of Some Properties
425(3)
Example 6-10 PDF for the Envelope and Phase Functions of a Gaussian Bandpass Process
428(2)
6-8 Matched Filters
430(11)
General Results
430(3)
Results for White Noise
433(1)
Example 6-11 Integrate-and-Dump (Matched) Filter
434(3)
Correlation Processing
437(1)
Example 6-12 Matched Filter for Detection of a BPSK Signal
437(1)
Transversal Matched Filter
438(3)
6-9 Summary
441(2)
6-10 Appendix: Proof of Schwars's Inequality
443(3)
6-11 Study-Aid Examples
446(2)
Problems
448(10)
7 PERFORMANCE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORRUPTED BY NOISE
458(75)
7-1 Error Probabilities for Binary Signaling
459(6)
General Results
459(2)
Results for Gaussian Noise
461(2)
Results for White Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception
463(1)
Results for Colored Gaussian Noise and Matched-Filter Reception
464(1)
7-2 Performance of Baseband Binary Systems
465(5)
Unipolar Signaling
465(2)
Polar Signaling
467(1)
Bipolar Signaling
468(2)
7-3 Coherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals
470(6)
On-Off Keying
470(2)
Binary-Phase-Shift Keying
472(1)
Frequency-Shift Keying
473(3)
7-4 Noncoherent Detection of Bandpass Binary Signals
476(8)
On-Off Keying
477(3)
Frequency-Shift Keying
480(2)
Differential Phase-Shift Keying
482(2)
7-5 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying and Minimum-Shift Keying
484(3)
7-6 Comparison of Digital Signaling Systems
487(3)
Bit Error Rate and Bandwidth
487(2)
Synchronization
489(1)
7-7 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio for PCM Systems
490(5)
7-8 Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Analog Systems
495(16)
Comparison with Baseband Systems
496(1)
AM Systems with Product Detection
497(1)
AM Systems with Envelope Detection
498(1)
DSB-SC Systems
499(1)
SSB Systems
500(1)
PM Systems
501(4)
FM Systems
505(3)
FM Systems with Threshold Extension
508(1)
FM Systems with Deemphasis
509(2)
7-9 Comparison of Analog Signaling Systems
511(4)
Ideal System Performance
514(1)
7-10 Summary
515(1)
7-11 Study-Aid Examples
515(9)
Problems
524(9)
8 CASE STUDIES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
533(87)
8-1 Telecommunication Systems
534(2)
Time-Division Multiplexing
534(1)
Frequency-Division Multiplexing
534(2)
8-2 Telephone Systems
536(7)
Historical Basis
536(1)
Modern Telephone Systems and Remote Terminals
536(7)
8-3 Integrated Service Digital Network
543(4)
8-4 Capacities of Public Switched Telephone Networks
547(1)
8-5 Satellite Communication Systems
547(13)
Digital and Analog Television Transmission
551(2)
Data and Telephone Signal Multiple Access
553(1)
Example 8-1 Fixed Assigned Multiple-Access Mode Using an FDMA Format
554(1)
Example 8-2 SPADE System
555(4)
Personal Communications via Satellite
559(1)
8-6 Link Budget Analysis
560(20)
Signal Power Received
561(2)
Thermal Noise Sources
563(1)
Characterization of Noise Sources
564(1)
Noise Characterization of Linear Devices
565(4)
Example 8-3 T(e) and F for a Transmission Line
569(1)
Noise Characterization of Cascaded Linear Devices
570(2)
Link Budget Evaluation
572(2)
E(b)/N(0) Link Budget for Digital Systems
574(1)
Example 8-4 Link Budget Evaluation for a Television Receive-Only Terminal for Satellite Signals
575(5)
8-7 Fiber Optic Systems
580(2)
Example 8-5 Link Budget for a Fiber Optic System
581(1)
8-8 Cellular Telephone Systems
582(7)
8-9 Television
589(20)
Black-and-White Television
589(7)
MTS Stereo Sound
596(1)
Color Television
596(5)
Standards for TV and CATV Systems
601(4)
HDTV
605(4)
8-10 Summary
609(1)
8-11 Study-Aid Examples
609(5)
Problems
614(6)
APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES, IDENTITIES, AND TABLES
620(14)
A-1 Trigonometry
620(1)
Definitions
620(1)
Trigonometric Identities
620(1)
A-2 Differential Calculus
621(2)
Definition
621(1)
Differentiation Rules
621(1)
Derivative Table
622(1)
A-3 Indeterminate Forms
623(1)
A-4 Integral Calculus
623(1)
Definition
623(1)
Integration Techniques
623(1)
A-5 Integral Tables
623(4)
Indefinite Integrals
623(3)
Definite Integrals
626(1)
A-6 Series Expansions
627(2)
Finite Series
627(1)
Infinite Series
628(1)
A-7 Hilbert Transform Pairs
629(1)
A-8 The Dirac Delta Function
629(2)
Properties of Dirac Delta Function
630(1)
A-9 Tabulation of Sa(x) = (sin x)/x
631(1)
A-10 Tabulation of Q(z)
632(2)
APPENDIX B PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES
634(43)
B-1 Introduction
634(1)
B-2 Sets
635(1)
B-3 Probability and Relative Frequency
636(3)
Simple Probability
636(1)
Joint Probability
637(1)
Example B-1 Evaluation of Probabilities
637(1)
Example B-1 (Continued)
638(1)
Conditional Probabilities
638(1)
Example B-1 (Continued)
638(1)
B-4 Random Variables
639(1)
Example B-2 Random Variable
639(1)
B-5 Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Density Functions
639(7)
Example B-2 (Continued)
641(1)
Properties of CDFs and PDFs
642(1)
Discrete and Continuous Distributions
642(1)
Example B-3 A Continuous Distribution
642(2)
Example B-3 (Continued)
644(2)
B-6 Ensemble Average and Moments
646(3)
Ensemble Average
646(1)
Example B-4 Evaluation of an Average
647(1)
Moments
647(2)
B-7 Examples of Important Distributions
649(9)
Binomial Distribution
649(3)
Poisson Distribution
652(1)
Uniform Distribution
652(1)
Gaussian Distribution
653(4)
Sinusoidal Distribution
657(1)
B-8 Functional Transformations of Random Variables
658(5)
Example B-5 Sinusoidal Distribution
659(1)
Example B-6 PDF for the Output of a Diode Characteristic
660(3)
B-9 Multivariate Statistics
663(7)
Multivariate CDFs and PDFs
663(2)
Bivariate Statistics
665(1)
Gaussian Bivariate Distribution
666(1)
Multivariate Functional Transformation
666(1)
Example B-7 PDF for the Sum of Two Random Variables
667(2)
Central Limit Theorem
669(1)
Example B-8 PDF for the Sum of Three Independent Uniformly Distributed Random Variables
669(1)
Problems
670(7)
APPENDIX C STANDARDS AND TERMINOLOGY FOR COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
677(26)
C-1 Codes
677(1)
Baudot
677(1)
ASCII
678(1)
C-2 DTE/DCE and Ethernet Interface Standards
678(8)
Current Loop
680(1)
RS-232C, RS-422A, RS-449, and RS-530 Interfaces
680(1)
Centronics Parallel Interface
681(1)
IEEE-488 Interface
681(3)
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Interface
684(2)
C-3 The ISO OSI Network Model
686(4)
C-4 Data Link Control Protocols
690(3)
BISYNC
690(1)
SDLC
690(1)
HDLC
690(1)
CCITT X.25 Protocol
691(1)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
692(1)
C-5 Modem Standards
693(5)
C-6 Brief Computer Communications Glossary
698(5)
REFERENCES703(11)
ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS714(6)
INDEX720
FRONT ENDPAPERS
Abbreviations
BACK ENDPAPERS
Fourier Transform Theorems
Fourier Transform Pairs
Q(z) Function

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