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Now covering both conventional and unmanned systems, this is a significant update of the definitive book on aircraft system design
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems, Second Edition is for people who want to understand how industry develops the customer requirement into a fully integrated, tested, and qualified product that is safe to fly and fit for purpose. This edition has been updated to take into account the growth of unmanned air vehicles, together with updates to all chapters to bring them in line with curr... MORE
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems, Second Edition
Design and Development of Aircraft Systems, Second Edition has been written to be generic and not to describe any single process. It aims to complement other volumes in the Wiley Aerospace Series, in particular Aircraft Systems, Third Edition and Civil Avionics Systems by the same authors, and will inform readers of the work that is carried out by engineers in the aerospace industry to produce innovative and challenging – yet safe and reliable – systems and aircraft.
Essential reading for Aerospace Engineers.
Acknowledgements
Glossary of Terms
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1. General
1.2. System Development
1.3. Skills
1.4. Overview
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2 – The Aircraft Systems
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Definitions
2.3. Everyday Examples of Systems
2.4. Aircraft Systems of Interest
2.4.1. Airframe systems
2.4.2. Vehicle systems
2.4.3. Interface characteristics of vehicle systems
2.4.4. Avionic systems
2.4.5. Interface ch... MORE
2.4.6. Mission systems
2.4.7. Interface characteristics of mission systems
2.5. Ground systems
2.6. Generic System Definitions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3 – The Design and Development Process
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Definitions
3.3. The Product Lifecycle
3.4. Concept Phase
3.4.1. Engineering process
3.4.2. Engineering skills
3.5. Definition Phase
3.5.1. Engineering process
3.5.2. Engineering skills
3.6. Design Phase.
3.6.1. Engineering process
3.6.2. Engineering skills
3.7. Build Phase
3.7.1. Engineering process
3.7.2. Engineering skills
3.8. Test Phase
3.8.1. Engineering process
3.8.2. Engineering skills
3.9. Operate Phase
3.9.1. Engineering process
3.9.2. Engineering skills
3.10. Disposal or Retirement Phase
3.10.1. Engineering process
3.10.2. Engineering skills
3.11. Refurbishment Phase
3.11.1. Engineering process
3.11.2. Engineering skills
3.12. Whole Life Cycle Tasks
References
Further Reading
Exercises
Chapter 4 - Design Drivers
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Design Drivers in the Business Environment
4.2.1. Customer
4.2.2. Market and competition
4.2.3. Capacity
4.2.4. Financial issues
4.2.5. Defence policy
4.2.6. Leisure and business interests
4.2.7. Politics
4.2.8. Technology
4.3. Design Drivers in the Project Environment
4.3.1. Standards and regulations
4.3.2. Availability
4.3.3. Cost
4.3.4. Programme
4.3.5. Performance
4.3.6. Skills and resources
4.3.7. Health, safety and environment issues
4.3.8. Risk
4.4. Design Drivers in the Product Environment
4.4.1. Functional performance
4.4.2. Human machine interface
4.4.3. Crew and passengers
4.4.4. Stores and cargo
4.4.5. Structure
4.4.6. Safety
4.4.7. Quality
4.4.8. Environmental conditions
4.5. Drivers in the Product Operating Environment
4.5.1. Heat
4.5.2. Noise
4.5.3. RF radiation
4.5.4. Solar energy
4.5.5. Altitude
4.5.6. Temperature
4.5.7. Contaminants/destructive substances
4.5.8. Lightning
4.5.9. Nuclear, biological and chemical
4.5.10. Vibration
4.5.11. Shock
4.6. Interfaces with the Sub-system Environment
4.6.1. Physical interfaces
4.6.2. Power interfaces
4.6.3. Data communication interfaces
4.6.4. Input/output interfaces
4.6.5. Status/discrete interfaces
4.7. Obsolescence
4.7.1. Introduction
4.7.2. The threat of obsolescence in the product lifecycle
4.7.3. Managing obsolescence
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5 - Systems Architectures
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Definitions
5.3. Systems Architectures
5.3.1. General systems
5.3.2. Avionic systems
5.3.3. Mission systems
5.3.4. Cabin systems
5.3.5. Data bus
5.4. Architecture Modelling and Trade-off
5.5. Example of a Developing Architecture
5.6. Evolution of Avionics Architectures
5.6.1. Distributed analogue architecture
5.6.2. Distributed digital architecture
5.6.3. Federated digital architecture
5.6.4. Integrated modular architecture
References
Further Reading
Chapter 6 - Systems Integration
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Definitions
6.3. Examples of Systems Integration
6.3.1. Integration at the component level
6.3.2. Integration at the system level
6.3.3. Integration at the process level
6.3.4. Integration at the functional level
6.3.5. Integration at the information level
6.3.6. Integration at the prime contractor level
6.3.7. Integration arising from emergent properties
6.4. System Integration Skills
6.5. Management of Systems Integration
6.5.1. Major activities
6.5.2. Major milestones
6.5.3. Decomposition and definition process
6.5.4. Integration and verification process
6.5.5. Component engineering
6.6. Highly Integrated Systems
6.7. Discussion
References
Chapter 7 – Verification of System Requirements
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Gathering qualification evidence in the lifecycle
7.3. Test methods
7.3.1. Inspection of design
7.3.2. Calculation
7.3.3. Analogy
7.3.4. Modelling and simulation
7.3.5. Test rigs
7.3.6. Environmental testing
7.3.7. Integration test rigs
7.3.8. Flight test
7.4 An example using a radar system.
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8 - Practical Considerations
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Identification of Stakeholders
8.3. Communications
8.3.1. The nature of communication
8.3.2. Examples of organisation communication media
8.3.3. The cost of poor communication
8.3.4. A lesson learned
8.4. Giving and Receiving Criticism
8.4.1. The need for criticism in the design process
8.4.2. The nature of criticism
8.4.3. Behaviours associated with criticism
8.4.4. Conclusions
8.5. Supplier Relationships
8.6. Engineering Judgement
8.7. Complexity
8.8. Emergent Properties
8.9. Wiring and connectors
8.9.1. Aircraft wiring
8.9.2. Aircraft breaks
8.9.3. Wiring bundle definitions
8.9.4. Wiring routing
8.9.5. Wiring sizing
8.9.6. Aircraft electrical signal types
8.9.7. Electrical segregation
8.9.8. The nature of aircraft wiring and connectors
8.9.9. Use of twisted pairs and quads
8.10 Bonding and grounding
References
Further Reading
Chapter 9 – Configuration Control
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Configuration Control Process
9.3. A Simple Portrayal of a System
9.4. Varying System Configuration
9.4.1. System configuration A
9.4.2. System configuration B
9.4.3. System configuration C
9.5. Forwards and Backwards Compatibility
9.5.1. Forwards compatibility
9.5.2. Backwards compatibility
9.6. Factors Affecting Compatibility
9.6.1. Hardware
9.6.2. Software
9.6.3. Wiring
9.7. System Evolution
9.8. Interface Control
9.8.1. Interface Control Document
9.8.2. Aircraft level data bus data
9.8.3. System internal data bus data
9.8.4. Internal system input/output data
9.8.5. Fuel component interfaces
Chapter 10 – Aircraft System Examples
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Design Considerations
10.3. Safety and Economic Considerations
10.4. Failure Severity Categorisation
10.5. Design Assurance Levels
10.6 Redundancy
10.6.1. Architecture options
10.6.2. Systems examples
10.7. Integration of Aircraft Systems
10.7.1. Engine control system
10.7.2. Flight control system
10.7.3. Attitude measurement system
10.7.4. Air data system
10.7.5. Electrical power system
10.7.6. Hydraulic power system
10.8. Integration of Avionics Systems
References
Chapter 11 – Power system issues
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Electrical system description
11.3. Electrical power distribution system
11.3.1. Power generation
11.3.2. Primary power distribution
11.3.3. Power conversion
11.3.4. Secondary power distribution
11.4. Electrical system design issues
11.4.1. Engine power off-takes
11.4.2. The generator
11.4.3. Power feeders
11.4.4. Generator control
11.4.5. Power switching
11.5. Hydraulic system description
11.5.1. Engine driven pump
11.5.2. Hydraulic accumulator
11.5.3. System users
11.5.4. Power transfer unit
11.6. Hydraulic system design considerations
11.6.1. Hydraulic power generation
11.6.2. System level issues
11.6.3. Hydraulic fluid
11.7. Aircraft system Energy losses
11.8. Electrical system power dissipation
11.8.1. Constant frequency system
11.8.2. Variable frequency system
11.9. Hydraulic system power dissipation
11.9.1. Hydraulic power calculations
11.9.2. Operating pressures
11.9.3. Rated delivery capacity
11.9.4 Boeing 767 – Entry into Service: 1982 [United Airlines]
11.9.5 Boeing 787 – Entry into Service: 2011 [All Nippon Airways]
11.9.6 Simple Hydraulic Power Models
11.10. More-electric issues
Chapter 12 – Key characteristics of aircraft systems
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Aircraft systems
12.3. Avionic systems
12.4. Mission systems
12.5. Sizing and scoping of systems
12.6. Analysis of the fuel penalties of aircraft systems
12.6.1. Introduction
12.6.2. Basic formulation of fuel weight penalties
12.6.3. Application of fuel weight penalty formulation to multi-phase flight.
12.6.4. Analysis of Fuel Weight Penalties Formulation for Multi-phase Flight
12.6.5. Use of fuel weight penalties to compare systems
12.6.6. Determining Input Data for Systems Weight Penalties Analysis
References
Chapter 13 - Conclusions
Index