Motives for Writing

Beliefs About Writing

EXERCISE 1.1 What Do You Believe?

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Bernice’s Journal

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Journals

Unlearning Unhelpful Beliefs

The Beliefs of This Book

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Portfolios

Writing Situations and Rhetorical Choices

Habits of Mind

Start with Questions, Not Answers

Suspend Judgment

Search for Surprise

EXERCISE 1.2 A Roomful of Details

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Bernice’s Journal

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Invention Strategies

Writing as a Process

EXERCISE 1.3 What Is Your Process?

Thinking About Your Process

EXERCISE 1.4 Literacy Narrative Collage

Writing Creatively, Writing Critically: A Process of Writing

EXERCISE 1.5 Alternating Currents of Thought: Generating and Judging Thinking and Writing Dialectically

Opening Questions

Questions, Creativity, and Critical Thinking: A Strategy for Inquiry

EXERCISE 1.6 Writing with the Wrong Hand and Other Ways of Thinking About Yourself as a Writer

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: The Writing Literacy Memoir

SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY Bernice Olivas, Writing a New Path

EXERCISE 1.7 Taking a Reflective Turn

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 2 READING AS INQUIRY

Motives for Reading

Beliefs About Reading

EXERCISE 2.1 What Do You Believe?

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Briana’s Journal

Reading Situations and Rhetorical Choices

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Briana’s Journal

EXERCISE 2.2 Reading Autobiography

Reading as a Process

Reading to Write

Goal-Directed Reading

EXERCISE 2.3 What Do You Know and When Did You Know It?

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Briana’s Journal

Inquiry Questions for Reading to Write

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Reading Perspectives

Reading Dialectically

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Visual Literacy: Reading Photographs

EXERCISE 2.4 Reading Creatively, Reading Critically

READINGS Bruce Ballenger, “The Importance of Writing Badly”

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Briana’s Journal

Read to Write and Write to Read

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: The Reading Literacy Memoir

STUDENT ESSAY Briana Duquette-Shackley, Reading Literacy Memoir

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Double-Entry Journal

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 3 WRITING A PERSONAL ESSAY

Writing About Experience

Motives for Writing a Personal Essay

The Personal Essay and Academic Writing

Features of the Form

READINGS

PERSONAL ESSAY 1 Laura Zazulak, “Every Morning for Five Years”

Inquiring into the Essay

PERSONAL ESSAY 2 Judith Ortiz Cofer, “One More Lesson”

Inquiring into the Essay

SEEING THE FORM Nautilus Shell

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES The Personal Academic Essay

WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Essaying “This I Believe”

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: Writing a Personal Essay

Thinking About Subjects

Generating Ideas

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Margaret’s Journal

Listing Prompts

Fastwriting Prompts

Visual Prompts

Research Prompts

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Clustering or Mapping

Judging What You Have

What’s Promising Material and What Isn’t?

Questions About Purpose and Audience

Questions for Reflection

Writing the Sketch

STUDENT SKETCH Amanda Stewart, “Earning a Sense of Place”

Moving from Sketch to Draft

Evaluating Your Own Sketch

Questions for Peer Review

Reflecting on What You’ve Learned

Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information

Composing the Draft

Methods of Development

Using Evidence

Workshopping the Draft

Reflecting on the Draft

Questions for Readers

Revising the Draft

Polishing the Draft

STUDENT ESSAY Julia C. Arredondo, “Beet Field Dreams”

Evaluating the Essay

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 4 WRITING A REVIEW

Writing That Evaluates

Motives for Writing a Review

The Review and Academic Writing

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Evaluation Across the Disciplines

Features of the Form

READINGS

REVIEW 1 Mark Kermode, “Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest”

Inquiring into the Essay

REVIEW 2 Ezra Dyer, “A Ton (Just Barely) of Fun”

Inquiring into the Essay

SEEING THE FORM Choosing the Best Picture

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: Writing a Review

Thinking About Subjects

Generating Ideas

Listing Prompts

Fastwriting Prompts

Visual Prompts

Research Prompts

Judging What You Have

WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Online Product Reviews

What’s Promising Material and What Isn’t?

Questions About Audience and Purpose

EXERCISE 4.1 From Jury to Judgment

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Sam’s Journal

Thinking About Criteria

Writing the Sketch

STUDENT SKETCH Sam Battey, “River Birch: A Diamond in the Rough”

Moving from Sketch to Draft

Evaluating Your Own Sketch

Questions for Peer Review

Reflecting on What You’ve Learned

Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information

Re-Experience

Interview

Read

Composing the Draft

Methods of Development

Using Evidence

Workshopping the Draft

Reflecting on the Draft

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Christy’s Journal

Questions for Readers

Revising the Draft

Polishing the Draft

STUDENT ESSAY Sam Battey, “River Birch: A Diamond in the Rough”

Evaluating the Essay

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 5 WRITING A PROPOSAL

Writing About Problems and Solutions

Problems of Consequence

Problems of Scale

Motives for Writing a Proposal

The Proposal and Academic Writing

Features of the Form

READINGS

PROPOSAL 1 David S. Johnston, “Housing and Our Military”

Inquiring into the Essay

PROPOSAL 2 UC Santa Cruz Dining Services, “Green Dining”

Inquiring into the Essay

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Writing a Research Proposal

SEEING THE FORM A Problem in Pictures

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: Writing a Proposal

Thinking About Subjects

Generating Ideas

Listing Prompts

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Caesar’s Journal

Fastwriting Prompts

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Gina’s Journal

Visual Prompts

Research Prompts

Judging What You Have

What’s Promising Material and What Isn’t?

Questions About Audience and Purpose

Questions of Form

Research Considerations

Writing the Sketch

STUDENT SKETCH Gina Sinisi, “Clothing Optional”

Moving from Sketch to Draft

Evaluating Your Own Sketch

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Gina’s Journal

Questions for Peer Review

Reflecting on What You Learned

Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information

WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Grant Proposals and Group Ethos

Composing the Draft

Methods of Development

Using Evidence

Workshopping the Draft

Reflecting on the Draft

Questions for Readers

Revising the Draft

Polishing the Draft

STUDENT ESSAY Gina Sinisi, “Clothing Optional”

Evaluating the Essay

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 6 WRITING AN ARGUMENT

Writing to Persuade People

What Is Argument?

Two Sides to Every Argument?

Argument and Inquiry

Suspending Judgment

Making Judgments

Analyzing Argument

Using Toulmin

Using Logical Fallacies

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Common Logical Fallacies

Motives for Writing an Argument

The Argument and Academic Writing

Features of the Form

WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Public Argument in a Digital Age

READINGS

ARGUMENT 1 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, “The Language of War Is Killing”

Inquiring into the Essay

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Some Basic Argument Strategies

ARGUMENT 2 Jeff Jacoby, “A Teacher with Faith and Reason”

Inquiring into the Essay

ARGUMENT 3 Loye Young, “Is Humiliation an Ethically Appropriate Response to Plagiarism?”

Inquiring into the Essay

SEEING THE FORM The “Imagetext” as Argument

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: Writing a Public Argument

Thinking About Subjects

Generating Ideas

Listing Prompts

Fastwriting Prompts

Visual Prompts

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Ben’s Journal

Research Prompts

Judging What You Have

What’s Promising Material and What Isn’t?

Questions About Audience and Purpose

Research Considerations

Narrowing the Question

Writing the Sketch

STUDENT SKETCH Ben Bloom, “How to Really Rock the Vote”

Moving from Sketch to Draft

Evaluating Your Own Sketch

Questions for Peer Review

Reflecting on What You’ve Learned

Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information

Composing the Draft

Methods of Development

Using Evidence

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS What Evidence Can Do

Workshopping the Draft

Reflecting on the Draft

Questions for Readers

Revising the Draft

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Argument in Academic Disciplines

Polishing the Draft

STUDENT ESSAY Kelly Sundberg, “I Am Not a Savage”

Evaluating the Essay

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 7 WRITING A CRITICAL ESSAY

Writing About Literature

Motives for Writing a Critical Essay

The Critical Essay and Academic Writing

Features of the Form

READINGS

SHORT STORY 1 Ursula Le Guin, “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas”

Inquiring into the Story

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Bernice’s Double-Entry Journal

WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES Why Literary Theory Is Not a Sleep Aid

ESSAY Sarah Vowell, “Shooting Dad”

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS How to Read Nonfiction

Inquiring into the Essay

SEEING THE FORM Christina’s World by Andrew Wyeth

THE WRITING PROCESS

Inquiry Project: Writing a Critical Essay

Thinking About Subjects

Generating Ideas

Listing Prompts

Fastwriting Prompts

Visual Prompts

Research Prompts

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Common Literary Devices

Judging What You Have

What’s Promising Material and What Isn’t?

Questions About Audience and Purpose

Writing the Sketch

STUDENT SKETCH Bernice Olivas, “Who Are ‘The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas’?”

Moving from Sketch to Draft

Evaluating Your Own Sketch

Questions for Peer Review

Reflecting on What You’ve Learned

Research and Other Strategies: Gathering More Information

Composing the Draft

Methods of Development

Using Evidence

Workshopping the Draft

WRITING IN YOUR LIFE Book Groups

Reflecting on the Draft

Questions for Readers

Revising the Draft

Polishing the Draft

STUDENT ESSAY Bernice Olivas, “Can You Really Walk Away?”

Evaluating the Essay

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 8 RESEARCH TECHNIQUES

Methods of Collecting

Research in the Electronic Age

Magic Words That Open Doors

Google Your Boole

Developing Working Knowledge

A Strategy for Developing Working Knowledge

Developing Focused Knowledge

A Strategy for Developing Focused Knowledge

Library Research

Web Research

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Methods of Recording Information

Evaluating Library Sources

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Working Bibliography

Evaluating Web Sources

Writing in the Middle: Synthesizing Source Information and Your Own Ideas

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS How to Annotate a Book

Double-Entry Journal

Research Log

Interviews

Arranging Interviews

Conducting the Interview

Using the Interview in Your Writing

Surveys

Defining a Survey’s Goals and Audience

Types of Survey Questions

Crafting Survey Questions

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Types of Survey Questions

Conducting a Survey

Using Survey Results in Your Writing

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 9 USING AND CITING SOURCES

Controlling Information

Using Sources

Summarizing

Paraphrasing

Quoting

Citing Sources

Avoiding Plagiarism

EXERCISE 9.1 The Accidental Plagiarist

MLA Documentation Guidelines

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS The Common Knowledge Exception

Citing Sources

Where to Put Citations

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Citations That Go with the Flow

When You Mention the Author’s Name

When There Is No Author

Works by the Same Author

When One Source Quotes Another

Personal Interviews

Several Sources in a Single Citation

Sample Parenthetical References for Other Sources

Format

The Layout

Preparing the Works Cited Page

Format

Citing Books

Sample Book Citations

Citing Periodicals

Sample Periodical Citations

Citing Nonprint and Other Sources

A Sample Paper in MLA Style

STUDENT ESSAY Amy Garret, “We Need the Sun”

APA Documentation Guidelines

How the Essay Should Look

Page Format

Title Page

Abstract

Body of the Paper

References Page

Appendix

Notes

Tables and Figures

Language and Style

Citing Sources in Your Essay

When the Author Is Mentioned in the Text

When the Author Isn’t Mentioned in the Text

When to Cite Page Numbers

A Single Work by Two or More Authors

A Work with No Author

Two or More Works by the Same Author

An Institutional Author

Multiple Works in the Same Parentheses

Interviews, E-Mail, and Letters

New Editions of Old Works

A Web Site

Preparing the References List

Order of Sources

Order of Information

Sample References: Articles

Sample References: Books

Sample References: Other

A Sample Paper in APA Style

STUDENT ESSAY Amy Garrett, “The Happy Cow”

Using What You Have Learned

Chapter 10 REVISION STRATEGIES

Re-seeing Your Topic

Divorcing the Draft

Strategies for Divorcing the Draft

Photography as a Metaphor for Revision

Five Categories of Revision

Problems with Purpose

Revision Strategy 10.1: The Motive Statement

Revision Strategy 10.2: What Do You Want to Know About What You Learned?

ONE STUDENT’S RESPONSE Julia’s Draft

Revision Strategy 10.3: Finding the Focusing Question

Revision Strategy 10.4: What’s the Relationship?

Problems with Meaning

Where Does Meaning Come From?

Methods for Discovering Your Thesis

Revision Strategy 10.5: Find the “Instructive Line”

Revision Strategy 10.6: Looping Toward a Thesis

Revision Strategy 10.7: Reclaiming Your Topic

Revision Strategy 10.8: Believing and Doubting

Methods for Refining Your Thesis

Revision Strategy 10.9: Questions as Knives

Revision Strategy 10.10: Qualifying Your Claim

Problems with Information

Revision Strategy 10.11: Explode a Moment

Revision Strategy 10.12: Beyond Examples

Revision Strategy 10.13: Research

Revision Strategy 10.14: Backing Up Your Assumptions

Problems with Structure

Formal Academic Structures

Revision Strategy 10.15: Beginnings, Middles, Ends, and the Work They Do

Revision Strategy 10.16: Reorganizing Around Thesis and Support

Revision Strategy 10.17: Multiple Leads

INQUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Types of Leads

Revision Strategy 10.18: The Frankenstein Draft

Problems with Clarity and Style

Solving Problems of Clarity

Revision Strategy 10.19: The Three Most Important Sentences

The First Sentence

The Last Line of the First Paragraph

The Last Line of the Essay

Revision Strategy 10.20: Untangling Paragraphs

Revision Strategy 10.21: Cutting Clutter

IN QUIRING INTO THE DETAILS Transition Flags

Revision Strategy 10.22: The Actor and the Action Next Door Improving Style

Revision Strategy 10.23: Actors and Actions

Revision Strategy 10.24: Smoothing the Choppiness

Revision Strategy 10.25: Fresh Ways to Say Things

Using What You Have Learned

INDEX

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