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Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

by: Ferraro, Gary

Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

by: Ferraro, Gary

ISBN 13:
9780495030393
ISBN 10:
0495030392
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 03/28/2005
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: AN APPLIED PERSPECTIVE goes beyond the basic outline of introductory materials by applying the theories, insights, and methods of cultural anthropology to those situations that students are likely to encounter in their personal and professional lives. Through Ferraro's engaging narrative and wealth of modern examples, readers come to understand what they can do with anthropology today. With its comparative approach to the study of cultural, CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY provides a comprehensive and ideal overview of the discipline.

Preface

xiii

What Is Anthropology?

(25)

Physical Anthropology

(3)

Evolutionary Record of Humans

(1)

Primatology

(1)

Physical Variations Among Humans

(1)

Archaeology

(2)

Anthropological Linguistics

(2)

Cultural Anthropology

(3)

Areas of Specialization

(2)

Guiding Principles

(3)

Holism

(1)

Ethnocentrism

(1)

Cultural Relativism

(2)

Emic Versus Etic Approaches

(1)

Contributions of Anthropology

(5)

Enhancing Understanding

(2)

Applications

(1)

Building Skills for the Twenty-first Century

(1)

Develop a Broad Perspective

(1)

Appreciate Other Perspectives

(1)

Balance Contradictions

(1)

Emphasize Global Teamwork

(1)

Develop Cognitive Complexity

(1)

Develop Perceptual Acuity

(1)

The Bottom Line: Understanding Other Cultures

(1)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

The Concept of Culture

(23)

Culture Defined

(2)

Culture Is Shared

(1)

Culture Is Learned

(3)

Learning Versus Instincts

(1)

Learning Different Content

(1)

Culture Is Taken for Granted

(1)

Culture's Influence on Biological Processes

(2)

Our Bodies and Culture

(1)

Culture Changes

(1)

The Processes of Change

(1)

Causes of Cultural Change

(1)

Cultural Universals

(2)

Basic Needs

(1)

Culture: Adaptive and Maladaptive

(3)

Cultures Are Generally Integrated

(4)

Cultural Interconnections

(4)

``Primitive'' Cultures

(1)

Culture and the Individual

(1)

Applied Perspective

(5)

Anthropology and Architecture

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(6)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(1)

Applied Perspective

(2)

Cross-Cultural Coaching

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

Applied Anthropology

(20)

Applied Versus Pure Anthropology

(2)

Recent History of Applied Anthropology

(1)

Special Features of Anthropology

(5)

Specialized Roles of Applied Anthropologists

(1)

Examples of Applied Anthropology

(1)

The Nestle Baby Formula Controversy

(6)

Working with Minority Prison Inmates

(1)

An Ethnographic Study of Adolescent Drug Dealers

(1)

Marital Patterns and Population Growth

(1)

Mediating Between the Government and Trukese Villagers

(2)

The Greater Use of Anthropological Knowledge

(2)

Applied Perspective

(2)

Environmental Impact of Radiation on Marshall Islands Population

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(2)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(4)

Applied Perspective

(3)

Rebuilding Japan After World War II

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

The Growth of Anthropological Theory

(24)

Evolutionism

(2)

Evolutionism in Brief

(1)

Diffusionism

(1)

Diffusionism in Brief

(1)

American Historicism

(2)

American Historicism in Brief

(1)

Functionalism

(3)

Functionalism in Brief

(1)

Psychological Anthropology

(2)

Psychological Anthropology in Brief

(1)

Neoevolutionism

(1)

Neoevolutionism in Brief

(1)

French Structuralism

(3)

French Structuralism in Brief

(1)

Ethnoscience

(1)

Ethnoscience in Brief

(1)

Feminist Anthropology

(2)

Feminist Anthropology in Brief

(1)

Cultural Materialism

(1)

Cultural Materialism in Brief

(1)

Postmodernism

(2)

Postmodernism in Brief

(1)

Concluding Thoughts on Anthropological Theory

(1)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(3)

Applied Perspective

(8)

Trees for Haiti

Applied Perspective

(3)

The New Hope Antipoverty Program

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(6)

Summary

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

Methods in Cultural Anthropology

(28)

Preparing for Fieldwork

(1)

Stages of Field Research

(3)

Stage 1: Selecting a Research Problem

(1)

Stage 2: Formulating a Research Design

(1)

Stage 3: Collecting the Data

(1)

Stage 4: Analyzing the Data

(1)

Stage 5: Interpreting the Data

(1)

Data-Gathering Techniques

(6)

Participant-Observation

100

(1)

Guidelines for Participant-Observation Fieldwork

100

(2)

Advantages of Participant-Observation

102

(1)

Disadvantages of Participant-Observation

103

(2)

Interviewing

105

(1)

Structured and Unstructured Interviews

105

(1)

Validity of the Data Collected

106

(1)

Additional Data-Gathering Techniques

106

(4)

Census Taking

107

(1)

Mapping

107

(1)

Document Analysis

107

(1)

Collecting Genealogies

107

(1)

Photography

108

(2)

Choosing a Technique

110

(1)

The Pains and Gains of Fieldwork

110

(4)

Culture Shock

112

(1)

Biculturalism

113

(1)

Recent Trends in Ethnographic Fieldwork

114

(2)

Reflexive Methods

114

(1)

Statistical Cross-Cultural Comparisons

115

(1)

The Ethics of Cultural Anthropology

116

(2)

Anthropologists' Major Areas of Responsibility

117

Cross-Cultural Miscue

(5)

Applied Perspective

104

(4)

Anthropological Research and Aids

Cross-Cultural Miscue

108

(1)

Contemporary Issues

109

(9)

Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedures: How Rapid Is Too Rapid?

Summary

118

(1)

Key Terms

119

(1)

Suggested Readings

119

(2)

Language

121

(29)

The Nature of Language

122

(4)

Diversity of Language

122

(2)

Communication: Human Versus Nonhuman

124

(1)

Open and Closed Communication Systems

124

(1)

Displacement

125

(1)

Language Acquisition Among Children

126

(1)

The Structure of Language

127

(2)

Phonology

127

(1)

Morphemes

128

(1)

Grammar

128

(1)

Language Change

129

(3)

Language Families

130

(2)

Are Some Languages Superior to Others?

132

(1)

Language and Culture

132

(6)

How Culture Influences Language

132

(1)

The Nuer

133

(1)

U.S. Example of Cultural Emphasis

133

(1)

How Language Influences Culture

134

(1)

The Sapir--Whorf Hypothesis

134

(3)

Language Mirrors Values

137

(1)

Linguistic Style

138

(2)

Sociolinguistics

140

(5)

Diglossia

141

(1)

Specialized Vocabularies

142

(1)

Dialects

142

(2)

Language, Nationalism, and Ethnic Identity

144

(1)

Nonverbal Communication

145

(3)

Hand Gestures

145

(2)

Posture (Body Stance)

147

(1)

Touching

147

Cross-Cultural Miscue

127

(7)

Applied Perspective

134

(12)

Applied Anthropology and Ebonics

Contemporary Issues

146

(2)

What You Don't Know Can Hurt You

Summary

148

(1)

Key Terms

149

(1)

Suggested Readings

149

(1)

Making a Living

150

(29)

Human Adaptation

151

(2)

Environment and Technology

153

(3)

Major Food-Getting Strategies

156

(18)

Food-Collecting Societies

156

(2)

The Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari Region

158

(1)

The Inuit

159

(3)

Food-Producing Societies

162

(1)

Changes Resulting from Food Production

163

(1)

Horticulture

164

(1)

The Bemba

165

(2)

Pastoralism

167

(3)

Agriculture

170

(1)

Peasantry

171

(1)

Industrialized Food Getting

172

(2)

Food-Collecting Strategies and Science

174

(2)

Applied Perspective

154

(9)

Community-Based Water Management in Mexico

Cross-Cultural Miscue

163

(9)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

172

(2)

Applied Perspective

174

(2)

World's Drug Companies Rely on ``Primitive Medicine''

Summary

176

(1)

Key Terms

177

(1)

Suggested Readings

178

(1)

Economics

179

(29)

Economics and Economic Anthropology

180

(1)

Cross-Cultural Examination of Economic Systems

181

(1)

The Allocation of Natural Resources

181

(6)

Food Collectors

182

(1)

Pastoralists

183

(1)

Horticulturalists

183

(1)

Intensive Agriculturalists

184

(3)

Production

187

(5)

Units of Production

188

(1)

Production in the Household

188

(1)

Division of Labor

189

(1)

Gender Specialization

189

(1)

Age Specialization

190

(1)

Labor Specialization

191

(1)

Distribution of Goods and Services

192

(14)

Reciprocity

192

(1)

Generalized Reciprocity

192

(2)

Balanced Reciprocity

194

(1)

Negative Reciprocity

195

(1)

Redistribution

195

(1)

Chiefly Redistribution (Tribute)

196

(1)

Big Men/Feast-Givers

196

(1)

Bridewealth

197

(1)

Potlatch

197

(2)

Market Exchange

199

(1)

Standardized Currency

199

(1)

Variety of Markets

200

(3)

Globalization of World Economies

203

Applied Perspective

184

(6)

Is Nepotism Always Bad?

Cross-Cultural Miscue

190

(3)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

193

(7)

Applied Perspective

200

(6)

Anthropology and Market Research

Summary

206

(1)

Key Terms

207

(1)

Suggested Readings

207

(1)

Marriage and the Family

208

(28)

Marriage and the Family

209

(2)

Sexual Union

210

(1)

Permanence

210

(1)

Common Residence

210

(1)

Marriage and the Family: Functions

211

(1)

Mate Selection: Who Is Out of Bounds?

211

(2)

Natural Aversion Theory

212

(1)

Inbreeding Theory

212

(1)

Family Disruption Theory

213

(1)

Theory of Expanding Social Alliances

213

(1)

Mate Selection: Whom Should You Marry?

213

(6)

Rules of Exogamy

214

(1)

Rules of Endogamy

214

(1)

Arranged Marriages

214

(3)

Preferential Cousin Marriage

217

(2)

The Levirate and Sororate

219

(1)

Number of Spouses

219

(5)

Monogamy

220

(1)

Polygyny

220

(1)

Economic Status of Women in Polygynous Societies

221

(1)

Sex Ratio in Polygynous Societies

221

(1)

Advantages of Polygyny

221

(1)

Competition Among Wives

222

(1)

Polyandry

223

(1)

Economic Considerations of Marriage

224

(4)

Bridewealth

224

(2)

Bride Service

226

(1)

Dowry

227

(1)

Reciprocal Exchange

227

(1)

Divorce

228

(1)

Residence Patterns: Where Do Wives and Husbands Live?

229

(1)

Family Structure

230

(4)

The Nuclear Family

230

(1)

The Extended Family

231

(2)

Modern-Day Family Structure

233

Applied Perspective

214

(4)

The Anthropological Study of Skid Row

Contemporary Issues

218

(7)

Is Marriage a Crime?

Cross-Cultural Miscue

225

(6)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

231

(3)

Summary

234

(1)

Key Terms

235

(1)

Suggested Readings

235

(1)

Kinship and Descent

236

(26)

Kinship Defined

237

(2)

Cultural Rules Regarding Kinship

239

(1)

Functions of Kinship Systems

239

(1)

Using Kinship Diagrams

240

(1)

Principles of Kinship Classification

241

(2)

Generation

241

(1)

Sex or Gender

241

(1)

Lineality Versus Collaterality

242

(1)

Consanguineal Versus Affinal Kin

242

(1)

Relative Age

242

(1)

Sex of the Connecting Relative

242

(1)

Social Condition

242

(1)

Side of the Family

243

(1)

The Formation of Descent Groups

243

(9)

Unilineal Descent Groups

244

(1)

Patrilineal Descent Groups

244

(2)

Matrilineal Descent Groups

246

(2)

Types of Unilineal Descent Groups

248

(2)

The Corporate Nature of Unilineal Descent Groups

250

(1)

Cognatic (Nonunilineal) Descent Groups

250

(1)

Double Descent

250

(1)

Ambilineal Descent

251

(1)

Bilateral Descent

251

(1)

Six Basic Systems of Classification

252

(3)

Eskimo System

252

(1)

Hawaiian System

252

(1)

Iroquois System

252

(2)

Omaha System

254

(1)

Crow System

254

(1)

Sudanese System

254

(1)

Kinship and the Modern World

255

(4)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

243

(4)

Contemporary Issues

247

(9)

The Patrilineal Family: A Wife's View

Cross-Cultural Miscue

256

(2)

Applied Perspective

258

(1)

The Ethnography of Homeless Youth in the United States

Summary

259

(1)

Key Terms

260

(1)

Suggested Readings

260

(2)

Sex and Gender

262

(27)

Human Sexuality

265

(3)

Gender Roles

268

(3)

Gender and Language

271

(1)

Gender Stratification

272

(7)

Education

276

(1)

Employment

276

(1)

Reproductive Health

277

(1)

Finance

277

(2)

Gender Ideology

279

(2)

Exploitation Caused by Gender Ideology

281

(3)

Gender in the United States

284

(2)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

268

(4)

Applied Perspective

272

(6)

Improving Child Nutrition in Malawi

Applied Perspective

278

(7)

Using Family Planning Clinics in Ecuador

Cross-Cultural Miscue

285

(1)

Summary

286

(1)

Key Terms

287

(1)

Suggested Readings

287

(2)

Political Organization and Social Control

289

(31)

Types of Political Organization

290

(14)

Band Societies

290

(2)

Tribal Societies

292

(2)

Chiefdoms

294

(1)

State Systems

295

(2)

The Rise of State Systems

297

(1)

The Modern Nation-State

298

(1)

Gender and the Modern State

299

(1)

Changing State Systems of Government

300

(2)

Variations in Political Structures

302

(2)

Social Control

304

(7)

Informal Means of Social Control

306

(1)

Socialization

306

(1)

Public Opinion

306

(1)

Corporate Lineages

307

(1)

Supernatural Belief Systems

308

(2)

Age Organizations

310

(1)

Formal Means of Social Control

311

(6)

Song Duels

311

(1)

Intermediaries

311

(1)

Moots: Informal Courts

312

(1)

Oaths and Ordeals

313

(1)

Courts and Codified Law

314

(1)

Warfare

315

Applied Perspective

296

(8)

Are the Poarch Creek a Tribe?

Contemporary Issues

304

(4)

Can Canadians Accommodate Islamic Law?

Cross-Cultural Miscue

308

(7)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

315

(2)

Summary

317

(1)

Key Terms

317

(2)

Suggested Readings

319

(1)

Social Stratification

320

(28)

Dimensions of Social Inequality

321

(13)

Types of Societies

322

(1)

Egalitarian Societies

323

(1)

Rank Societies

324

(1)

Stratified Societies

325

(1)

Class Versus Caste

325

(1)

Class Societies

326

(4)

Caste Societies

330

(4)

Racial and Ethnic Stratification

334

(3)

Race and Ethnicity in the United States

337

(2)

Forms of Intergroup Relations

339

(3)

Theories of Stratification

342

(3)

The Functionalist Interpretation

342

(1)

The Conflict Theory Interpretation

343

(1)

Functionalists Versus Conflict Theorists

343

(1)

Global Stratification

344

Cross-Cultural Miscue

327

(5)

Applied Perspective

332

(6)

Anthropology and Architecture

Cross-Cultural Miscue

338

(2)

Applied Perspective

340

(5)

Diabetes Among Mexican Americans

Summary

345

(1)

Key Terms

346

(1)

Suggested Readings

346

(2)

Supernatural Beliefs

348

(31)

Defining Religion

349

(6)

Problems of Defining Religion

350

(1)

Religion and Magic

351

(2)

Sorcery and Witchcraft

353

(2)

Myths

355

(1)

Functions of Religion

356

(4)

Social Functions of Religion

356

(1)

Social Control

356

(1)

Conflict Resolution

357

(1)

Group Solidarity

358

(1)

Psychological Functions of Religion

358

(1)

Cognitive Function

358

(1)

Emotional Function

359

(1)

Types of Religious Organization

360

(16)

Individualistic Cults

360

(1)

Shamanistic Cults

361

(2)

Communal Cults

363

(1)

Rites of Passage

363

(1)

Rites of Solidarity

364

(2)

Ecclesiastical Cults

366

(2)

Globalization of World Religions

368

(3)

Religion and Social Change

371

(3)

Revitalization in the Age of Globalization

374

(1)

The Changing Nature of Religion

375

Cross-Cultural Miscue

353

(4)

Contemporary Issues

357

(8)

Religious Freedom in Florida

Cross-Cultural Miscue

365

(5)

Applied Perspective

370

(6)

Anthropology and the U.S. Supreme Court

Summary

376

(1)

Key Terms

377

(1)

Suggested Readings

377

(2)

Art

379

(26)

What Is Art?

380

(1)

Differences in Art Forms

381

(3)

The Functions of Art

384

(2)

Emotional Gratification for the Individual

384

(1)

Social Integration

385

(1)

Social Control

385

(1)

Preserving or Challenging the Status Quo

386

(3)

Graphic and Plastic Arts

389

(1)

Cross-Cultural Variations

389

(2)

Music

390

(1)

Ethnomusicology

391

(2)

Dance

392

(1)

Functions of Dance

393

(1)

Dance and Other Aspects of a Culture

393

(2)

Verbal Arts

393

(2)

Myths

395

(1)

Folktales and Legends

395

(3)

Film: A Recent Art Form

398

(1)

Art: Continuity and Change

399

(4)

Cross-Cultural Miscue

382

(8)

Applied Perspective

390

(6)

Avoiding Cultural Extinction Through Craft Industries

Applied Perspective

396

(2)

Cursing in Verse

Cross-Cultural Miscue

398

(5)

Summary

403

(1)

Key Terms

404

(1)

Suggested Readings

404

(1)

Culture Change and Globalization

405

(26)

Inventions/Innovations

407

(1)

Diffusion

408

(2)

General Patterns of Diffusion

408

(1)

Selectivity

408

(1)

Reciprocity

409

(1)

Modification

409

(1)

Likelihood

410

(1)

Variables

410

(1)

Acculturation

410

(2)

Linked Changes

412

(1)

Obstacles to Cultural Change

413

(3)

Cultural Boundary Maintenance

413

(1)

Language

413

(1)

Clothing

414

(1)

Eating Styles and Food

414

(1)

Relative Values

414

(1)

Cultures as Organic Wholes

415

(1)

Cultural Survival of Indigenous Peoples

416

(2)

Change and Development

418

(6)

Globalization and World Cultures

424

(5)

Contemporary Issues

412

(3)

Cell Phones and Pedestrian Behavior

Cross-Cultural Miscue

415

(7)

Applied Perspective

422

(3)

Environment and Development in Central Honduras

Cross-Cultural Miscue

425

(4)

Summary

429

(1)

Key Terms

430

(1)

Suggested Readings

430

(1)

Glossary

431

(6)

References

437

(10)

Index

447

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

9780495030393

0495030392

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective (with InfoTrac)

9780495030393

0495030392

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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