Maxine Eskenazi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Dr. Eskenazi is Principal Systems Scientist at the Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA. She has authored over 100 scientific papers in the areas of computer assisted language learning and speech and spoken dialog systems. Her work has produced such systems as the Let's Go spoken dialog system and the REAP vocabulary tutor. She is also the founder and CTO of the Carnegie Speech Company.

Gina-Anne Levow, University of Washington, USA
Dr. Levow is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Linguistics, University of Washington, USA. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Washington, she served on the faculty at the University of Chicago in the Department of Computer Science and as a Research Fellow at the University of Manchester, UK. She served on the Editorial Board of Computational Linguistics and as Associate Editor of ACM Transactions on Asian Language Processing.

Helen Meng, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Dr. Meng is Founder and Director of the Human-Computer Communications Laboratory at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and is also the Founder and Co-Director of the Microsoft-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Human-Centric Computing and Interface Technologies, which was conferred the national status of the Ministry of Education of China (MoE) Key Laboratory in 2008. Prof. Meng also served as an Associate Dean (Research) of the Faculty of Engineering from 2006 to 2010. She serves as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing.

Gabriel Parent, Amazon.com, USA
Gabriel Parent is a Software Development Engineer at Amazon.com working on solving natural language related problems. His main research focuses were human-computer interaction through spoken dialog systems and crowdsourcing.

David Suendermann, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, Germany
Dr. Sundermann is currently full Professor of Computer Science at the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, Stuttgart, Germany. He is also the Principal Speech Scientist of SpeechCycle, New York, USA which has been recognized by Deloitte as a "Technology Fast 500" company based on revenue growth. He has authored more than 70 publications and patents, including a book and six book chapters.

Preface ix

1 An Overview

1.1 Growing Needs for Speech Data

1.1.1 Origins of Crowdsourcing

1.1.2 Operational Definition of Crowdsourcing

1.1.3 Functional Definition of Crowdsourcing

1.2 Some Issues

1.3 Some Terminology

1.4 Acknowledgements

References

2 The Basics

2.1 An Overview of the Literature on Crowdsourcing for Speech Processing

2.1.1 Evolution of the Use of Crowdsourcing for Speech

2.1.2 Geographic Locations of Crowdsourcing for Speech

2.1.3 Specific Areas of Research

2.2 Alternate Solutions

2.3 Some Ready-Made Platforms for Crowdsourcing

2.4 Making Task Creation Easier

2.5 Getting Down to Brass Tacks

2.5.1 Hearing and Being Heard Over the Web

2.5.2 Prequalification

2.5.3 Native Language of the Workers

2.5.4 Payment

2.5.5 Choice of Platform in the Literature

2.5.6 The Complexity of the Task

2.6 Quality Control

2.6.1 Was that Worker a Bot?

2.6.2 Quality Control in the Literature

2.7 Judging the Quality of the Literature

2.8 Some Quick Tips

References

13 Collecting Speech from Crowds

13.1 A Short History of Speech Collection

13.1.1 Speech Corpora

13.1.2 Spoken Language Systems

13.1.3 User-Configured Recording Environments

13.2 Technology for Web-based Audio Collection

13.2.1 Silverlight

13.2.2 Java

13.2.3 Flash

13.2.4 HTML and JavaScript

13.3 Example:WAMI Recorder

13.3.1 The JavaScript API

13.3.2 Audio Formats

13.4 Example: The WAMI Server

13.4.1 PHP Script

13.4.2 Google App Engine

13.4.3 Server Configuration Details

13.5 Example: Speech Collection on Amazon Mechanical Turk

13.5.1 Server Setup

13.5.2 Deploying to Amazon Mechanical Turk

13.5.3 The Command Line Interface

13.6 Using the Platform Purely for Payment

13.7 Advanced Methods of Crowdsourced Audio Collection

13.7.1 Collecting Dialogue Interactions

13.7.2 Human Computation

13.8 Summary

13.9 Acknowledgements

References

Index

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