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CRIMINOLOGY:THEORIES,PATTERNS & TYPOLOGIES W/INFOTRAC

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ISBN: 9780534545147 | 0534545149
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 8/14/2000

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Table of Contents
1 CONCEPTS OF CRIME, LAW, AND CRIMINOLOGY
Crime and Criminology
2(24)
Introduction
3(1)
... MORE
The Study of Criminology
4(1)
What Is Criminology
4(1)
A Brief History of Criminology
4(6)
Classical Criminology
5(1)
Nineteenth-Century Positivism
6(1)
The Development of Sociological Criminology
7(1)
The Foundations of Sociological Criminology
7(1)
The Chicago School and Beyond
8(1)
Conflict Criminology
9(1)
Criminology Today
9(1)
Criminology and Criminal Justice
10(1)
The Distinction Between Criminology and Criminal Justice
10(1)
The Distinction Between Criminology and Deviance
10(1)
What Criminologists Do: The Criminological Enterprise
11(3)
Criminal Statistics
12(1)
Sociology of Law
12(1)
Theory Construction
12(1)
Criminal Behavior Systems
13(1)
The Changing Face of International Crime Rates
14(2)
Penology
14(1)
Victimology
15(1)
How Criminologists View Crime
16(3)
The Consensus View of Crime
17(1)
The Conflict View of Crime
17(1)
The Interactionist View of Crime
18(1)
Defining Crime
19(1)
Criminology Research Methods
20(3)
Survey Research
20(1)
Cohort Research
20(1)
Aggregate Data Research
21(1)
Experimental Research
21(1)
Observational and Interview Research
22(1)
Ethical Issues in Criminology
23(1)
Summary
24(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
24(1)
Key Terms
24(1)
Notes
25(1)
Criminal Law and Its Processes
26(24)
Introduction
27(1)
The Origin of Law
28(3)
Early Crime, Punishment, and Law in Chaos
29(1)
Origins of Common Law
30(1)
Compensation for Crime
30(1)
The Norman Conquest
30(1)
Common Law
31(1)
policy and practice in criminology
Origin of the Jury Trial
32(2)
Common Law and Statutory Law
32(1)
Common Law and Statutory Law in America
33(1)
Common Law in Other Cultures
34(1)
Classification of Law
34(2)
Crimes and Torts
34(1)
Felonies and Misdemeanors
35(1)
Mala in Se and Mala Prohibitum
35(1)
Functions of Criminal Law
36(3)
Enforcing Social Control
36(1)
Discouraging Revenge
37(1)
Expressing Public Opinion and Morality
37(1)
Deterring Criminal Behavior
38(1)
Punishing Wrongdoing
38(1)
Maintaining Social Order
39(1)
The Legal Definition of a Crime
39(2)
Actus Reus
39(1)
Mens Rea
40(1)
Criminal Defenses
41(3)
Ignorance or Mistake
41(1)
Insanity
42(1)
Intoxication
43(1)
Duress
43(1)
policy and practice in criminology
The Insanity Controversy
44(2)
Necessity
45(1)
Self-Defense
45(1)
Entrapment
45(1)
Exotic Defenses
46(1)
Changing Criminal Law
46(1)
Summary
47(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
48(1)
Key Terms
48(1)
Notes
49(1)
The Nature and Extent of Crime
50(34)
Introduction
51(1)
The Uniform Crime Report
51(4)
Collecting the Uniform Crime Report
51(1)
How Accurate Are the Uniform Crime Reports?
52(2)
The Future of the Uniform Crime Report
54(1)
Victim Surveys
55(1)
The National Crime Victimization Survey
55(1)
Is the NCVS Valid?
55(1)
Self-Report Surveys
56(2)
The Focus of Self-Reports
56(1)
Are Self-Reports Accurate?
57(1)
The ``Missing Cases''
58(1)
Are Crime Statistics Sources Compatible?
58(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Crime Trends
59(1)
Explaining Crime Trends
60(4)
Trends in Violent Crime
62(1)
Trends in Property Crime
62(1)
Trends in Self-Reports and Victimization
62(1)
What the Future Holds
63(1)
Crime Patterns
64(2)
The Ecology of Crime
64(1)
Use of Firearms
65(1)
policy and practice in criminology
Gun Control Practices
66(11)
Social Class and Crime
67(2)
Age and Crime
69(3)
Gender and Crime
72(2)
Race and Crime
74(3)
Criminal Careers
77(2)
Delinquency in a Birth Cohort
77(1)
Implications of the Chronic Offender Concept
78(1)
Summary
79(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
79(1)
Key Terms
79(1)
Notes
80(4)
Victims and Victimization
84(28)
Introduction
85(1)
Problems of Crime Victims
85(3)
Loss
85(1)
Suffering
86(1)
Fear
87(1)
Antisocial Behavior
87(1)
The Nature of Victimization
88(6)
The Social Ecology of Victimization
89(1)
The Victim's Household
90(1)
Victim Characteristics
90(3)
The Victims and Their Criminals
93(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Victims of Stalking
94(2)
Theories of Victimization
95(1)
Victim Precipitation Theory
95(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Parents Who Get Killed and the Children Who Kill Them
96(4)
Lifestyle Theories
97(1)
Routine Activities Theory
98(2)
The Criminological Enterprise
Crime and Everyday Life
100(1)
Caring for the Victim
101(4)
The Government's Response
101(1)
Victim Service Programs
102(1)
Victims' Rights
103(1)
Self-Protection
104(1)
Community Organization
105(1)
Summary
105(2)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
106(1)
Key Terms
107(1)
Notes
107(5)
2 THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION
Choice Theory
112(36)
Introduction
113(1)
The Development of Rational Choice Theory
113(7)
The Classical Theory of Crime
114(1)
Choice Theory Emerges
114(1)
The Concepts of Rational Choice
115(3)
Rational Choice and Routine Activities
118(2)
Is Crime Rational?
120(3)
Are Street Crimes Rational?
121(1)
Is Drug Use Rational?
122(1)
Can Violence Be Rational?
122(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
In the Drug Business
123(2)
The Seductions of Crime
125(1)
Eliminating Crime
125(3)
Situational Crime Prevention
126(2)
policy and practice in criminology
Reducing Subway Crime
128(8)
General Deterrence
129(5)
Specific Deterrence
134(2)
Deterring Domestic Violence
136(4)
Rethinking Deterrence
138(1)
Incapacitation
138(2)
Policy Implications of Choice Theory
140(1)
Just Desert
140(1)
Summary
141(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
142(1)
Key Terms
142(1)
Notes
143(5)
Trait Theories
148(38)
Introduction
149(1)
Foundations of Biological Trait Theory
150(2)
Impact of Sociobiology
151(1)
Modern Trait Theories
151(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
The Nature Assumption
152(1)
Biological Trait Theories
153(11)
Biochemical Conditions and Crime
154(3)
Neurophysiological Conditions and Crime
157(3)
Genetics and Crime
160(2)
Evolutionary Views of Crime
162(1)
Evaluation of the Biological Branch of Trait Theory
163(1)
Psychological Trait Theories
164(6)
Theory of Imitation
164(1)
Psychodynamic Perspective
165(2)
Behavioral Theories
167(1)
Cognitive Theory
168(2)
The Media and Violence
170(4)
Crime and Mental Illness
172(1)
Personality and Crime
172(2)
The Antisocial Personality
174(3)
Intelligence and Crime
174(3)
Social Policy Implications
177(2)
Summary
179(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
179(1)
Key Terms
179(1)
Notes
180(6)
Social Structure Theories
186(36)
Introduction
187(1)
Sociological Criminology
187(1)
Economic Structure and Crime
188(3)
Lower-Class Culture
188(2)
Are the Poor Undeserving?
190(1)
race, culture, gender, and criminology
When Work Disappears
191(1)
Social Structure Theories
192(1)
Branches of Social Structure Theory
192(1)
Social Disorganization Theory
193(7)
The Work of Shaw and McKay
193(3)
The Social Ecology School
196(4)
Strain Theories
200(9)
Anomie
200(1)
Theory of Anomie
201(1)
Institutional Anomie Theory
202(2)
Relative Deprivation Theory
204(1)
General Strain Theory (GST)
205(4)
Cultural Deviance Theory
209(4)
Conduct Norms
209(1)
Focal Concerns
209(1)
Theory of Delinquent Subcultures
210(1)
Theory of Differential Opportunity
211(2)
Evaluation of Social Structure Theories
213(1)
Is the Structural Approach Valid?
213(1)
Social Structure Theory and Social Policy
213(1)
policy and practice in criminology
Operation Weed and Seed
214(1)
Summary
215(2)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
217(1)
Key Terms
217(1)
Notes
217(5)
Social Process Theories
222(34)
Introduction
223(1)
Socialization and Crime
224(4)
Family Relations
224(2)
Educational Experience
226(1)
Peer Relations
226(1)
Institutional Involvement and Belief
227(1)
The Effects of Socialization on Crime
227(1)
Social Learning Theories
228(8)
Differential Association Theory
228(5)
Differential Reinforcement Theory
233(1)
Neutralization Theory
234(2)
Are Learning Theories Valid?
236(1)
Social Control Theories
236(5)
Self-Concept and Crime
237(1)
Social Control Theory
238(1)
Elements of the Social Bond
238(1)
Testing Social Control Theory
239(2)
Social Reaction Theory
241(6)
Crime and Labeling Theory
242(1)
Differential Enforcement
243(1)
Becoming Labeled
243(1)
Consequences of Labeling
243(1)
Primary and Secondary Deviance
244(1)
Research on Social Reaction Theory
245(1)
Is Labeling Theory Valid?
246(1)
An Evaluation of Social Process Theory
247(1)
Social Process Theory and Social Policy
248(1)
policy and practice in criminology
Head Start
249(1)
Summary
250(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
251(1)
Key Terms
251(1)
Notes
251(5)
Conflict Theory
256(31)
Introduction
257(1)
Marxist Thought
257(3)
Productive Forces and Productive Relations
258(1)
Surplus Value
259(1)
Marx on Crime
260(1)
Developing a Conflict Theory of Crime
260(2)
The Contribution of Willem Bonger
260(1)
The Contribution of Ralf Dahrendorf
261(1)
The Contribution of George Vold
262(1)
Conflict Theory
262(4)
Conflict Criminology
262(3)
Research on Conflict Theory
265(1)
Analysis of Conflict Theory
265(1)
Marxist Criminology
266(6)
The Development of a Radical Criminology
266(1)
Fundamentals of Marxist Criminology
267(2)
Instrumental Marxism
269(1)
Structural Marxism
270(1)
Research on Marxist Criminology
271(1)
Marxist Theories of Crime
272(2)
Critique of Marxist Criminology
274(1)
Emerging Forms of Conflict Theory
274(5)
Left Realism
274(1)
Radical Feminist Theory
275(2)
Power-Control Theory
277(1)
Postmodern Theory
278(1)
Peacemaking Criminology
279(1)
Social Conflict Theory and Social Policy
279(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Restorative Justice
280(1)
Summary
281(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
282(1)
Key Terms
282(1)
Notes
283(4)
Integrated Theories: Latent Trait and Developmental Theories
287(37)
Introduction
288(1)
Developing Complex Theories
289(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
The Crime Prism
290(1)
Latent Trait Theories
291(7)
Human Nature Theory
292(2)
General Theory of Crime
294(4)
The Criminological Enterprise
Mating Habits and Crime
298(1)
Control-Balance Theory
299(1)
Developmental Theories
299(6)
The Glueck Research
301(1)
Developmental Concepts
301(4)
Theories of Criminal Development
305(1)
race, culture, gender, and criminology
Violent Female Criminals
306(10)
The Social Development Model
306(3)
Elliott's Integrated Theory
309(1)
Farrington's Theory of Delinquent Development
309(2)
Interactional Theory
311(2)
Sampson and Laub: Age-Graded Theory
313(3)
Commonalities and Distinctions
316(1)
Summary
316(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
316(1)
Key Terms
317(1)
Notes
317(7)
3 CRIME TYPOLOGIES
Violent Crime
324(44)
Introduction
325(1)
The Roots of Violence
326(1)
Personal Traits
326(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Violent Land
327(2)
Ineffective Families
328(1)
race, culture, gender, and criminology
Mothers Who Kill Their Children
329(4)
Evolutionary Factors/Human Instinct
329(1)
Exposure to Violence
330(1)
Substance Abuse
330(1)
Firearm Availability
330(1)
Cultural Values
331(2)
Forcible Rape
333(6)
History of Rape
333(1)
Incidence of Rape
334(1)
Types of Rape/Rapists
334(3)
The Causes of Rape
337(1)
Rape and the Law
338(1)
Murder and Homicide
339(5)
Degrees of Murder
340(1)
The Nature and Extent of Murder
340(1)
Murderous Relations
341(2)
Types of Murders
343(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Mass Murder and Serial Killing
344(2)
Assault and Battery
346(4)
Patterns of Assault
346(1)
The Nature and Extent of Assaults
347(1)
Assault in the Home
347(3)
Robbery
350(2)
The Criminological Enterprise
Armed Robbers in Action
352(1)
Emerging Forms of Interpersonal Violence
353(3)
Hate Crimes
353(1)
Workplace Violence
354(2)
Political Violence
356(5)
Terrorism
356(1)
Forms of Terrorism
357(3)
Extent of Terrorism
360(1)
Who Is the Terrorist?
360(1)
Responses to Terrorism
361(1)
Summary
361(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
362(1)
Key Terms
362(1)
Notes
362(6)
Property Crimes
368(22)
Introduction
369(1)
A Brief History of Theft
370(1)
Modern Theives
370(1)
Occasional Criminals
370(1)
race, culture, gender, and criminology
Catching Thieves in Eighteenth-Century England
371(3)
Professional Criminals
372(2)
Transforming Theft: Train Robbers and Safe Crackers
374(1)
Larceny/Theft
375(6)
Larceny Today
376(1)
Varieties of Larceny
377(1)
Shoplifting
377(1)
Bad Checks
378(1)
Credit Card Theft
379(1)
Auto Theft
379(1)
False Pretenses or Fraud
380(1)
Confidence Games
381(1)
Embezzlement
381(1)
Burglary
381(4)
The Nature and Extent of Burglary
382(1)
Careers in Burglary
383(2)
race, culture, gender, and criminology
The Female Burglar
385(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
What Motivates Juvenile Firesetters?
386(1)
Arson
387(1)
Summary
387(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
388(1)
Key Terms
388(1)
Notes
388(2)
White-Collar and Organized Crime
390(39)
Introduction
391(1)
White-Collar Crime
392(2)
Redefining White-Collar Crime
392(1)
The White-Collar Crime Problem
393(1)
International White-Collar Crime
393(1)
Components of White-Collar Crime
394(8)
Stings and Swindles
394(1)
Chiseling
395(2)
Individual Exploitation of Institutional Position
397(1)
Influence Peddling and Bribery
397(3)
Embezzlement and Employee Fraud
400(1)
Client Fraud
400(2)
The Savings and Loan Cases
402(7)
Corporate Crime
404(3)
High-Tech Crime
407(2)
The Cause of White-Collar Crime
409(2)
Greedy or Needy?
409(2)
White-Collar Law Enforcement Systems
411(4)
Corporate Policing
412(1)
Controlling White-Collar Crime
412(3)
Organized Crime
415(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
Can Corporations Commit Murder?
416(7)
Characteristics of Organized Crime
417(1)
Activities of Organized Crime
417(1)
The Concept of Organized Crime
418(3)
Organized Crime Groups
421(1)
Controlling Organized Crime
422(1)
The Future of Organized Crime
422(1)
Summary
423(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
424(1)
Key Terms
424(1)
Notes
424(5)
Public Order Crimes
429(46)
Introduction
430(1)
Law and Morality
430(3)
Debating Morality
431(2)
Homosexuality
433(3)
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality
435(1)
Homosexuality and the Law
435(1)
Paraphilias
436(2)
Prostitution
438(4)
Incidence of Prostitution
438(1)
Types of Prostitutes
439(1)
Becoming a Prostitute
440(1)
Legalize Prostitution?
441(1)
Pornography
442(4)
The Dangers of Pornography
442(1)
Does Pornography Cause Violence?
443(1)
Pornography and the Law
444(1)
Controlling Sex for Profit
445(1)
Substance Abuse
446(15)
When Did Drug Use Begin?
446(1)
Alcohol and Its Prohibition
447(1)
Commonly Abused Drugs
447(4)
The Extent of Substance Abuse
451(2)
AIDS and Drug Use
453(1)
The Causes of Substance Abuse
454(2)
Types of Drug Users
456(2)
Drugs and Crime
458(2)
Drugs and the Law
460(1)
The Criminological Enterprise
How Substance Abuse Provokes Violence
461(5)
Drug Control Strategies
462(4)
policy and practice in criminology
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
466(3)
Summary
469(1)
Thinking Like a Criminologist
469(1)
Key Terms
470(1)
Notes
470(5)
Glossary475(18)
Table of Cases493(1)
Name Index494(14)
Subject Index508(15)
Photo Credits523

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