9780073252315

An internationally recognized scholar and author, James A. Inciardi presents a solid overview of the structure, processes, and problems of the criminal justice system in the United States. Inciardi brings his significant field and research experience to bear on the revision of this successful textbook; his research background, his privileged access to national data, and his story-telling style of writing guarantee a unique perspective to criminal justice.

Brief Table of Contents
Part 1: The Foundations of Crime and Justice
Chapter 1: "Criminal Justice" in America
Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law
Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime
Chapter 4: Criminal Statistics and the Extent of Crime
Chapter 5: The Process of Justice: An Overview
Part 2: The Police
Chapter 6: Police Systems in the United States: History and Structure
Chapter 7: Enforcing the Law and Keeping the Peace: The Nature and Scope of Police Work
Chapter 8: The Law of Arrest, Search, and Seizure: Police and the Constitution
Chapter 9: Beyond the Limits of the Law: Police Crime, Corruption, and Brutality
Part 3: The Courts
Chapter 10: The Structure of American Courts
Chapter 11: Judges, Prosecutors, and Other Performers at the Bar of Justice
Chapter 12: The Business of the Court: From First Appearance through Trial
Chapter 13: Sentencing, Appeal, and the Judgment of Death
Part 4: Corrections
Chapter 14: From Walnut Street to Alcatraz: The American Prison Experience
Chapter 15: Penitentiaries, Prisons, and Other Correctional Institutions: A Look Inside the Inmate World
Chapter 16: Prison Conditions and Inmate Rights
Chapter 17: Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Correction
Part 5: Juvenile Justice
Chapter 18: Juvenile Justice: An Overview
Glossary
Credits
Case Index
Name Index
Subject Index
Detailed Table of Contents
Part I: The Foundations of Crime and Justice
Chapter 1: Criminal Justice in America
The Emergence of Criminal Justice
Law and Order and the War on Crime
The Presidents Crime Commission
The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Models of Criminal Justice
The Due Process Model
The Crime Control Model
Key Factors in Criminal Justice Today
The War on Drugs
Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice
Victims and Justice
Terrorism, Criminal Justice, and the Constitution
International and Cross-Cultural Perspectives
Organization of This Book
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law
The Nature of Crime
Crime as a Social Construct
Crime as a Legal Construct
Criminal Law
Common Law
Other Sources of Criminal Law
Theories of Crime Causation
Biological Theories
Sociocultural Theories
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime
Legal Categories of Crime
Criminal Homicide
Assault
Robbery
Arson
Burglary
Property Offenses
Sex Offenses
Drug Law Violations
Crimes Against Public Order and Safety
Major Forms of Crime
Domestic Violence
Hate Crime
White-Collar and Corporate Crime
Organized Crime
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 4: Criminal Statistics and the Extent of Crime
The Uniform Crime Reports
Structure and Content
The Extent of Crime
Reliability of Estimates
The UCR: An Evaluation
Victim Survey Research
The National Crime Victimization Survey
Applications and Limitations of Victimization Surveys
Self-Reported Criminal Behavior
Other Sources of Data on Crime and Justice
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 5: The Process of Justice: An Overview
Criminal Due Process
Trial by Ordeal
Inquisitorial Versus Adversarial Justice
The Law of the Land
The Bill of Rights
Nationalization of the Bill of Rights
Due Process of Law in the Early 2000s
Substantive Due Process
Procedural Due Process
The Criminal Justice Process
Prearrest Investigation
Arrest
Booking
Initial Appearance
Preliminary Hearing
Determination of Formal Charges
Arraignment
The Trial Process
Sentencing
Appeals and Release
Criminal Justice as a System
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Part II: The Police
Chapter 6: Police Systems in the United States: History and Structure
The Emergence of Modern Police
Magistrates, Constables, Beadles, and Thief-Takers
Henry Fielding and the Bow Street Runners
Patrick Colquhoun and Sir Robert Peel
Law and Order in Early America
The Trans-Mississippi West
Policing the Metropolis
Police Systems in the United States
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
Department of Justice
Department of Homeland Security
Treasury Department
United States Postal Service
Other Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
State Police Agencies
County and Municipal Policing
Police in the Private Sector
Volunteer Police and the Vigilante Tradition
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 7: Enforcing the Law and Keeping the Peace: The Nature and Scope of Police Work
The Functions of Police
The Role of Police
The Right to Use Force
The Police Bureaucracy
Division of Labor
Chain and Units of Command
Rules, Regulations, and Discipline
The Organization of Policing
Patrol
Detective Work
Specialized Police Units
Community Policing
Women in Policing
The Emergence of Women Police
The Equal Opportunity Movement for Women in Policing
The Current Status of Women in Policing
Police Discretion and Selective Law Enforcement
Situations Requiring Discretion
Full Versus Selective Enforcement
Factors in the Decision to Arrest
Command Discretion
The Police Subculture
The Police Personality
Sources of Stress
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 8: The Law of Arrest, Search, and Seizure: Police and the Constitution
Search and Seizure
Search Warrants
Probable Cause
Warrantless Search
Search Incident to Arrest
Stop-and-Frisk
Automobile Searches
Fresh Pursuit
Consent Searches
Other Warrantless Searches
The Plain View Doctrine
The Exclusionary Rule
Weeks v. United States
Wolf v. Colorado
Mapp v. Ohio
Custodial Interrogation
Twining v. New Jersey
Brown v. Mississippi
The Prompt Arraignment Rule
Confessions and Counsel
Miranda v. Arizona
Show Ups and Lineups
DNA and Other Nontestimonial Exemplars
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 9: Beyond the Limits of the Law: Police Crime, Corruption, and Brutality
Police Corruption
Meals and Services
Kickbacks
Opportunistic Theft
Planned Theft and Robbery
Shakedowns
Protection
Case Fixing
Private Security
Patronage
Explanations of Police Corruption
The Society-at-Large Explanation
The Structural Explanation
The Rotten-Apple Explanation
Police Violence
Police Brutality
Deadly Force
Tasers and Nonlethal Use of Force
Controlling Police Misconduct
Legislative Control
Civilian Review Boards
Police Control
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Part III: The Courts
Chapter 10: The Structure of American Courts
State Courts
State Court Infrastructure
Levels of Jurisdiction in State Courts
Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Major Trial Courts
Appellate Courts
Reform and Unification of State Courts
The Federal Judiciary
U.S. Commissioners Courts and U.S. Magistrates Courts
U.S. District Courts
U.S. Courts of Appeals
The U.S. Supreme Court
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 11: Judges, Prosecutors, and Other Performers at the Bar of Justice
The Courtroom Work Group
Judges
Prosecutors
Defense Attorneys
Bailiffs, Clerks, and Other Courtroom Regulars
The Right to Counsel
Powell v. Alabama
Extending the Right to Counsel
Restrictions on the Right to Counsel
Legal Aid, Assigned Counsel, and Public Defenders
Voluntary Defender Programs
Assigned Counsel Systems
Public Defenders
Contract Systems
Legal, Prosecutorial, and Judicial Misconduct: Aspects of the Criminal Justice Nonsystem
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 12: The Business of the Court: From First Appearance Through Trial
Is Criminal Justice Chaotic?
Bail and Pretrial Release
The Right to Bail
Discretionary Bail Setting
The Bail Bond Business
Criticisms of the Bail System
Pretrial Detention
Preventive Detention
Release on Recognizance
The Grand Jury
Operation of the Grand Jury
Grand Jury Procedure and the Supreme Court
Grand Juries on Trial
The Plea
Not Guilty
Guilty
Nolo Contendere
Insanity
Statute of Limitations
Double Jeopardy
Pretrial Motions
Motion for Discovery
Motion for Change of Venue
Motion for Suppression
Motion for a Bill of Particulars
Motion for Severance of Charges of Defendants
Motion for Continuance
Motion for Dismissal
Speedy and Public Trial
The Supreme Court and Speedy Trial
Speedy Trial and the States
The Speedy Trial Act of 1974
The Right to a Public Trial
The Jury
The Right to a Trial by Jury
Jury Selection
The Venire
The Voir Dire
The Criminal Trial
Opening Statements
Presentation of the States Case
Motion for Directed Verdict
Presentation of the Defenses Case
Rebuttal and Surrebuttal
Closing Arguments
Charging the Jury
Jury Deliberations
Verdict and Judgment
Posttrial Motions
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 13: Sentencing, Appeal, and the Judgment of Death
Sentencing
Sentencing Objectives
Statutory Sentencing Structures
Fines
Imprisonment
Other Sentencing Variations
Disparities in Sentencing
Sentencing Reform
Truth in Sentencing
The Sentencing Process
The Death Penalty
The Death Sentence, 18641967
Capital Punishment and Discrimination
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The Death Penalty and the Supreme Court
The Return of Capital Punishment
Methods of Execution
The Death Penalty Debate
Capital Punishment at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Appellate Review
The Defendants Right to Appeal
The Prosecutions Right to Appeal
Appellate Review of Sentences
The Appeal Process
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Part IV: Corrections
Chapter 14: From Walnut Street to Alcatraz: The American Prison Experience
Varieties of Punishment
Origins of American Corrections
Punishment in the Colonies
Punishment Versus Reformation
The Classical School of Criminology
American Prisons in Perspective
The Walnut Street Jail
The Separate System
The Silent System
Prison Industries
The Reformatory Era
The 20th-Century Industrial Prison
The Federal Prison System
Jails and Detention Centers
Origins of American Jails
Contemporary Jail Systems
The Jail Population
Jail Conditions
Home Incarceration
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 15: Penitentiaries, Prisons, and Other Correctional Institutions: A Look Inside the Inmate World
Types of Prisons
Maximum-Security Prisons
Supermax Prisons
Medium-Security Prisons
Minimum-Security Prisons
Open Institutions
Correctional Organization and Administration
Police Administration
Prison Personnel
Institutional Routines
Prison Facilities
Classification
Prison Programs
Prison Discipline
Sex in Prison
Same-Gender Sex
Sexual Assault
Conjugal Visitation
Coeducational Prisons
The Inmate Social System
Prisonization
The Inmate Code
Sources and Functions of the Inmate Social System
Women in Prison
Womens Institutions
Women and Children in Prison
The Social Order of Womens Prisons
The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment
The Martinson Report
Obstacles to Effective Correctional Treatment
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 16: Prison Conditions and Inmate Rights
Attica, 1971
Conditions at Attica
The Revolt
The Assault
In Pursuit of Prisoners Rights
The Wit of Habeas Corpus
Civil Rights and Prisoners Rights
Legal Services in Prison
Johnson v. Avery
Jailhouse Lawyers
Constitutional Rights and Civil Disabilities
Religion
Mail and Media Interviews
Rehabilitative Services
Medical Services
Prisoner Labor Unions
Prison Discipline and Constitutional Rights
The Arkansas Prison Scandal
Solitary Confinement
The Lash
Prison Disciplinary Proceedings
The Conditions of Incarceration
The Texas Prison Suit
The New Mexico Inmate Massacre
Future Prospects
Reform Versus Law and Order
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Chapter 17: Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Correction
Criminal Justice Diversion
The Development of Diversion
Patterns of Diversion
The Impact of Diversion
Community Service Programs
Probation
The Nature of Probation
The Probation Philosophy
Suspended Sentences and Conditional Release
The Presentence or Probation Investigation
Conditions of Probation
Restitution Programs
Probation Services
Shock Probation
Intensive Probation Supervision
Probation Violation and Revocation
The Effectiveness of Probation
Parole
The Origins of Parole
Parole Administration
Eligibility for Parole
Conditions of Parole
Parole Supervision and Services
Parole Violation and Revocation
Parole Discharge
The State of Parole in the United States
Trends in Community-Based Correction
Furlough and Temporary Release
Should Parole Be Abolished?
What Works and What Does Not with Prisoner Reentry
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Part V: Juvenile Justice
Chapter 18: Juvenile Justice: An Overview
The Nature of Juvenile Justice
The Emergence of Juvenile Justice
Parens Patriae
Modern Juvenile Courts
The Processing of Juvenile Offenders
Police Discretion
Petition and Intake
Detention and Bail
Adjudication and Disposition
Juveniles and the Constitution
Due Process and Juvenile Proceedings
Police Encounters and Juvenile Rights
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Critical Issues in Juvenile Justice
Status Offenders
Juveniles in Adult Courts
Children on Death Row
Juvenile Detention
Juvenile Corrections
Is Child Saving Dead?
Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Terms
Issues for Discussion
Media and Literature Resources
Endnotes
Glossary
Credits
Case Index
Name Index
Subject Index

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Criminal Justice with PowerWeb

Criminal Justice with PowerWeb

007325231X

Summary

Table of Contents

Part 1: The Foundations of Crime and Justice

Chapter 1: "Criminal Justice" in America

Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law

Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime

Chapter 4: Criminal Statistics and the Extent of Crime

Chapter 5: The Process of Justice: An Overview

Part 2: The Police

Chapter 6: Police Systems in the United States: History and Structure

Chapter 7: Enforcing the Law and Keeping the Peace: The Nature and Scope of Police Work

Chapter 8: The Law of Arrest, Search, and Seizure: Police and the Constitution

Chapter 9: Beyond the Limits of the Law: Police Crime, Corruption, and Brutality

Part 3: The Courts

Chapter 10: The Structure of American Courts

Chapter 11: Judges, Prosecutors, and Other Performers at the Bar of Justice

Chapter 12: The Business of the Court: From First Appearance through Trial

Chapter 13: Sentencing, Appeal, and the Judgment of Death

Part 4: Corrections

Chapter 14: From Walnut Street to Alcatraz: The American Prison Experience

Chapter 15: Penitentiaries, Prisons, and Other Correctional Institutions: A Look Inside the Inmate World

Chapter 16: Prison Conditions and Inmate Rights

Chapter 17: Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Correction

Part 5: Juvenile Justice

Chapter 18: Juvenile Justice: An Overview

Glossary

Credits

Case Index

Name Index

Subject Index

Detailed Table of Contents

Part I: The Foundations of Crime and Justice

Chapter 1: Criminal Justice in America

The Emergence of Criminal Justice

Law and Order and the War on Crime

The Presidents Crime Commission

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968

The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

Models of Criminal Justice

The Due Process Model

The Crime Control Model

Key Factors in Criminal Justice Today

The War on Drugs

Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice

Victims and Justice

Terrorism, Criminal Justice, and the Constitution

International and Cross-Cultural Perspectives

Organization of This Book

Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice

Summary

Key Terms

Issues for Discussion

Media and Literature Resources

Endnotes

Chapter 2: Crime and the Nature of Law

The Nature of Crime

Crime as a Social Construct

Crime as a Legal Construct

Criminal Law

Common Law

Other Sources of Criminal Law

Theories of Crime Causation

Biological Theories

Sociocultural Theories

Critical Thinking in Criminal Justice

Summary

Key Terms

Issues for Discussion

Media and Literature Resources

Endnotes

Chapter 3: Legal and Behavioral Aspects of Crime

Legal Categories of Crime

Criminal Homicide

Assault

Robbery