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Criminal Justice

ISBN: 9780205193547 | 0205193544
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference
Pub. Date: 4/1/1999

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SummaryTable of Contents
Criminal Justice, 4/E Jay S. Albanese, "Virginia"" Commonwealth University" ISBN-10: 0205499090 Albanese's Criminal Justice, 4th edition is a thorough introduction to the field of criminal justice. In addition the major concepts, this text focuses on critical thinking as well as the media's influence on both criminal justice and the public's perception of criminal justice. Albanese gives new attention to up-to-the-minute laws and policies related to crime, search and seizure, and operations of the criminal justice system. The text examines cutting-edge issues of technology, including crimes facilitated by the Internet and identity theft. An experienced author, scholar, and past president of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Jay Albanese has received high marks for his appealing narrative style and comprehensive style.
Prefacexv
Organization of the Bookxvi
Features of the Bookxvii
Supplemental Materialsxviii
Acknowledgmentsxx
About the Author... MORE
Concern about Crime and Violence
2(20)
Concern about Crime in the United States
4(4)
Crime Victimization versus Other Life Events
6(2)
Effects of Fear of Crime
8(4)
Psychological Impact
8(1)
Behavioral Effects
8(4)
Is Crime Normal?
12(1)
The Criminal Justice Response
13(9)
Education and Professionalism
14
Contemporary Issues
Criminology versus Criminal Justice
5(8)
Future Issues
Crib Death or Infanticide?
13
Media and Criminal Justice
Falling Down
11(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Causes of Fear
16(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Real Versus Apparent Hate Crimes in a Time of Fear
17(5)
The Nature of Crime
22(24)
Aspects of Crime
24(7)
Thinking versus Acting
25(1)
The Political Nature of Crime
25(2)
Crime as Social History
27(1)
Mala in Se versus Mala Prohibita
28(2)
Criminal Harm
30(1)
Distinguishing Offensive from Criminal Behavior
31(15)
Alcohol Consumption
31(2)
Commercialized Sex
33(3)
Gambling
36(2)
Drug Use
38
Contemporary Issues
Obscenity: Sex or Violence?
34(5)
Future Issues
Why We Buy Guns
39
Media and Criminal Justice
The People us. Larry Flynt
35(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Drug Use Forecasting
41(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Binge Drinking
41(5)
Measuring Crime
46(32)
Trends in Crime Rates
49(12)
What the Police Say
50(4)
What Victims Say
54(2)
Reconciling the Differences
56(3)
What Offenders say
59(1)
Crimes against Households
60(1)
Violent Crimes
61(3)
Homicide
61(2)
Sexual Assault
63(1)
Assault
63(1)
Robbery
64(1)
Property Crimes
64(2)
Burglary
64(1)
Larceny
65(1)
Arson
65(1)
Characteristies of Offenders and Victims
66(4)
Age
66(1)
Gender
67(1)
Race and Ethnicity
68(2)
Other Types of Crime
70(8)
White Collar Crime
70(1)
Computer Crime
70(1)
Organized Crime
71(1)
Serial Murder
71(1)
Hate Crimes
72(1)
Terrorism
72
Contemporary Issues
Drug-Abusing Women Offenders
51(21)
Future Issues
Can We Predict How Violent the Future Will Be?
72
Media and Criminal Justice
New Jersey Drive
69(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Homicide and State of Mind
74(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Elements of Crimes
74(4)
Explanations of Crime
78(28)
Classical Explanations of Crime
80(1)
Positivist Explanations of Crime
81(8)
Biological Determinism
81(2)
Psychological Explanations
83(2)
Sociological Explanations
85(3)
Strength of the Social Bond
88(1)
Structural Explanations of Crime
89(2)
The Ethical Explanation of Crime
91(1)
Correlates of Crime
92(14)
Guns
93(3)
Drugs and Alcohol
96
Contemporary Issues
Explaining Serial Murders
82(11)
Future Issues
Television Crime Dramas and the Causes of Homicide
93
Media and Criminal Justice
Boyz N' the Hood
90(9)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Explaining an Attempted Assassination
99(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
A Case Study of Delinquency
99(7)
Criminal Law
106(26)
The Nature of Criminal Law
108(3)
Sources of Criminal Law
108(2)
Limits of Criminal Law
110(1)
The Nature of Crime
111(5)
Characteristics of Criminal Acts
112(2)
The State of Mind Requirement
114(1)
The Causation Requirement
115(1)
Defenses to Criminal Charges
116(16)
Defenses Related to Mental Illness
116(3)
Defenses Involving Force
119(2)
Defenses Involving Justification or Excuse
121
Contemporary Issues
Setting a Trap for Pornography
113(4)
Future Issues
Maternal Infanticide
117(7)
Media and Criminal Justice
The Advocate
124(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Banning Pit Bulls
126(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Hinckley, Kaczynski, and Legal Insanity
127(5)
The Criminal Justice System
132(26)
Origins of the Criminal Justice System
134(4)
Justice in the Colonial Period
135(1)
The Evolution of Due Process
136(2)
The Agencies of Criminal Justice
138(3)
Law Enforcement
138(1)
Courts
139(1)
Corrections
140(1)
Criminal Procedure
141(10)
Law, Investigation, Arrest
141(2)
Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing
143(1)
Grand Jury, Indictment, Arraignment
144(3)
Trial, Conviction, Sentencing
147(2)
Appeals
149(2)
The Cost of Justice
151(7)
Contemporary Issues
Unauthorized Access to Criminal History Records
137(8)
Future Issues
Blame and Believability in Rape Cases
145(5)
Media and Criminal Justice
Criminal Justice
150(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Justice on the Carolina Frontier (1764)
152(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Prior Record of Defendants and Juror Prejudice
153(5)
Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement
158(26)
Community Protection before Police
160(4)
The Watch and Ward System
160(2)
The Invention of Gin
162(2)
Police in the United States
164(7)
The Progressive Era
165(1)
Police Professionalism
166(1)
Reliance on Technology
167(2)
The Dilemma of Policing
169(1)
Back to Community Policing
169(2)
The Organization of Law Enforcement
171(13)
Local Police
171(1)
State Police
172(1)
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
173(2)
The Movement toward Private Policing
175(2)
Contemporary Issues
Campus Law Enforcement
177
Future Issues
Preventing Subway Crime
172
Media and Criminal Justice
The Untouchables
162(16)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Dogs and Horses in Law Enforcement
178(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Cyclical Nature of Community Policing
179(5)
Police Discretion and Behavior
184(34)
The Outer Limits of Law Enforcement
186(5)
The Call for Reform
188(2)
Formulating an Arrest Policy
190(1)
Styles of Policing
190(1)
The Police Personality
191(9)
Studies of Police Cynicism
191(3)
The Working Personality
194(2)
Sources of Police Attitudes
196(1)
Education and Attitudes
197(1)
Attitudes and Performance
197(3)
When Police Make Bad Decisions
200(5)
Forms of Police Corruption
201(1)
Explanations of Corruption
201(4)
Preventing Corruption
205(1)
Police Performance
205(13)
Responding to Crime
206(1)
Noncriminal Matters
207
Contemporary Issues
The Performance of Policewomen
198(2)
Future Issues
Pursuit Driving
200(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
Rush
203(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Responding to Spousal Abuse
208(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Changing the Police Culture in 1913
210(8)
Police and the Rule of Law
218(42)
Procedural Law
220(1)
The Fourth Amendment
220(18)
Frisks versus Searches
221(5)
The Exclusionary Rule: Mapp V. Ohio
226(1)
Searches with Warrants
227(3)
Searches without Warrants
230(8)
The Fifth Amendment
238(8)
The Miranda Warning
239(3)
The Erosion of Miranda
242(4)
Use of Deadly Force
246(4)
Legal Justification
246(1)
Victims of Police Shootings
247(2)
Contemporary Deadly Force Laws
249(1)
Police Brutality
250(10)
Contemporary Issues
Does the Exclusionary Rule Handcuff the Police?
228(17)
Future Issues
An Appropriate Remedy for Police Misconduct?
245
Media and Criminal Justice
The Star Chamber
239(13)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Civil Suits against Police
252(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Unannounced Entry
253(7)
The Origins and Organization of Courts
260(28)
The History of Criminal Courts
262(2)
The Organization of Contemporary Courts
264(6)
State Court Systems
265(1)
The Federal Court System
266(3)
Court Administration
269(1)
Participants in the Judicial Process
270(7)
Prosecutors
270(1)
Defense Counsel
271(1)
Judges
272(3)
Victims and Witnesses
275(2)
The Future of the Court System
277(11)
Contemporary Issues
Dispute Resolution outside the Courtroom
273(2)
Future Issues
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse
275(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
The Thin Blue Line
278(4)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Frivolity in the Courts
282(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Limiting Criminal Appeals
283(5)
Prosecution, Plea, and Trials
288(26)
The Prosecutor's Role
290(7)
Prosecutorial Discretion
290(1)
Selection of Prosecutors
291(5)
Diversion of Cases
296(1)
Plea-Bargaining
297(6)
The History of Plea-Bargaining
298(1)
Plea-Bargaining Today
298(3)
Should Plea-Bargaining Be Abolished?
301(1)
Alternatives to Plea-Bargaining
302(1)
What Happens at Trial?
303(11)
Contemporary Issues
Selective Prosecution of High-Rate Offenders
294(2)
Future Issues
Prosecuting False Statements
296(9)
Media and Criminal Justice
Indictment: The McMartin Trial
305(3)
Critical Thinking Exercise
An Angel on Her Shoulder at the O. J. Simpson Case
308(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Spouse Murders
309(5)
Criminal Defense
314(24)
The Sixth Amendment
316(6)
The Scope of the Right to Counsel
316(3)
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
319(3)
The Nature of Criminal Defense
322(6)
The Practice of Criminal Law
322(1)
The Cost and Quality of Defense Lawyers
322(4)
Common Defenses in Criminal Cases
326(2)
Issues for the Future
328(10)
Adjudicating the Offender or the Act?
328(2)
Crime Control or Due Process?
330
Contemporary Issues
Getting a Fair Trial in Cases Involving Violence
329(2)
Future Issues
School Violence by Children
331
Media and Criminal Justice
Primal Fear
317(4)
Media and Criminal Justice
River's Edge
321(11)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Should a lawyer Defend a Guilty Person?
332(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Should the Right to Counsel Be Expanded?
333(5)
Sentencing: Philosophy and Practice
338(34)
Purposes of Sentencing
340(5)
How Do Judges Decide on a Sentence?
341(2)
Sentencing Choices
343(1)
The Presentence Report
344(1)
The Role of Victims
345(1)
Variations in Sentencing Systems
345(7)
Indeterminate Sentencing
346(1)
Determinate Sentencing
347(2)
Mandatory Sentencing
349(1)
Sentencing Guidelines
350(2)
Efforts to Reform Sentencing Systems
352(1)
The Eighth Amendment and Capital Punishment
352(20)
The Legal Status of the Death Penalty
354(4)
The Death Penalty Debate
358
Contemporary Issues
Victim's Race and Death Penalty Decisions
353
Future Issues
The Two Sides of Truth-in-Sentencing
348(9)
Media and Criminal Justice
Dead Man Walking
357(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is Life Imprisonment a More Severe Punishment than the Death Penalty?
363(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is Castration a Reasonable Punishment for Sex Offenders?
364(8)
Prisons
372(32)
Correctional Institutions in the United States
374(10)
Types of Prisons
376(2)
Who Is in Prison?
378(3)
The Operation of Prisons: Custody or Reform?
381(3)
Jails
384(1)
Inmate Life
385(19)
Drug Use and Treatment
386(2)
Women in Prison
388(1)
AIDS in Prison
389(1)
Prisoners Rights
390(2)
Work in Prison
392(1)
Violations of Prison Rules
393(2)
Prison Gangs
395(1)
Prison Violence
395
Contemporary Issues
Private Prisons and Liability
379
Future Issues
Supermax Prisons
377(17)
Media and Criminal Justice
American Me
394(3)
Critical Thinking Exercise
A Case of HIV Discrimination?
397(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Elderly Inmate
398(6)
Corrections in the Community
404(46)
Sanctions in Lieu of Incarceration
406(10)
Monetary Penalties
407(2)
Probation
409(3)
Intensive Supervision
412(2)
Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring
414(2)
After Prison
416(7)
Parole
416(3)
Work Release and Furloughs
419(1)
Halfway Houses
420(2)
Pardons
422(1)
Legal Issues
423(1)
Alternative Sentences
424(1)
Restorative Justice
425(2)
Restitution to the Victim
425(1)
Mediation
426(1)
Repairing Harm to the Victim
426(1)
Authentic Justice
427(12)
Shock Incarceration
428(3)
Corporal Punishment
431(2)
Public Humiliation
433(2)
Forced Birth Control
435(1)
Depo-Provera for Sex Offenders
436(1)
Forfeiture of Assets
437(1)
Offender Fees
438(1)
Changing the Physical Environment
439(11)
Contemporary Issues
The Return of Chain Gangs
413(3)
Future Issues
The Spiderman Solution and A Clockwork Orange
416
Media and Criminal Justice
Scared Straight!
408(27)
Media and Criminal Justice
A Clockwork Orange
435(4)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Registering Former Sex Offenders
439(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
House Arrest in a Nice House?
441(9)
International Criminal Justice
450(28)
The Risk of Crime around the World
452(5)
Incidence of Major Crimes
453(1)
Victimization
454(3)
International Crimes
457(7)
Importing Stolen Vehicles
457(1)
Drug Smuggling
458(1)
Illegal Immigration
459(1)
Terrorism and Hate Crimes
460(4)
Transnational Law Enforcement
464(14)
Interpol
464(2)
International Justice
466(1)
International Corrections
467(3)
Legal and Ethical Problems
470
Contemporary Issues
Who Goes to Prison?: Comparing England and the United States
456(6)
Future Issues
Penalty Enhancement for Hate Crimes?
462(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
Citizen X
465(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Political Asylum in Genital Mutilation Cases?
471(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Judicial Attitudes and Sentencing Outcomes in Germany
472(6)
Dealing with Sophisticated Crimes
478(28)
Conspiracy
481(2)
White Collar Crime
483(4)
White Collar Thefts
484(1)
Offenses against Public Administration
485(1)
Regulatory Offenses
486(1)
Computer Crime
487(5)
Crimes in Which Computers Are the Instrument
489(2)
Crimes in Which Computers Are the Object
491(1)
Organized Crime
492(14)
A Typology of Organized Crime
494(2)
Organized Crime and Ethnicity
496(2)
The Extent of Organized Crime
498
Contemporary Issues
Avoiding Cybertheft
488(6)
Future Issues
Organized Crime and the Shadow Economy
494
Media and Criminal Justice
Seten
483(16)
Critical Thinking Exercise
An Antidrug Sales Tax?
499(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is the Internet an Avenue for Terrorists?
500(6)
Juvenile Justice
506(39)
Juvenile Justice versus Criminal Justice
508(2)
The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
510(8)
Arrest Figures
512(3)
Self-Reports
515(1)
Victimization Surveys
516(2)
Foundations of Juvenile Justice
518(2)
Objections to Parens Patriae
518(1)
Modifications of the Juvenile Justice System
519(1)
The Law and Procedure of Juvenile Justice
520(1)
Lawyers and Self-Incrimination
521(11)
The Burden of Proof
524(2)
Juries in Juvenile Court
526(1)
Double Jeopardy
527(1)
Preventive Detention
527(2)
Searches and the Fourth Amendment
529(2)
Punishment and the Eighth Amendment
531(1)
Juveniles in the System: Police, Courts, Corrections
532(4)
Police Disposition of Juveniles Taken into Custody
532(1)
Juvenile Court Outcomes
533(2)
Juvenile Dispositions
535(1)
Trends in Legislation
536(1)
The Outlook for Juvenile Justice
536(9)
Contemporary Issues
A Rebirth of Youth Gangs?
510(7)
Future Issues
Adolescent Motherhood and Criminal Outcomes
517(8)
Media and Criminal Justice
Bad Boys
525(12)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Abolish the Age of Majority?
537(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Juries for Juveniles?
538(7)
Appendix I The Constitution of the United States of America545(16)
Appendix II Career Opportunities in Criminal Justice561(4)
Glossary565(8)
Index573

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