Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. He holds degrees from the University of Notre Dame and The Ohio State University, having earned both a master's (1970) and a doctorate in sociology (1974) from The Ohio State University with a special emphasis in criminology. From 1976 to 1994, he taught criminology and criminal justice courses at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. For the last 16 of those years, he chaired the university's Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice. The university named him Distinguished Professor in 1991.

Schmalleger has taught in the online graduate program of the New School for Social Research, helping build the world's first electronic classrooms in support of distance learning through computer telecommunications. As an adjunct professor with Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri, Schmalleger helped develop the university's graduate program in security administration and loss prevention. He taught courses in that curriculum for more than a decade.  An avid Web user and website builder, Schmalleger is also the creator of a number of award-winning websites, including some that support this textbook.

Frank Schmalleger is the author of numerous articles and more than 40 books, including the widely used Criminal Justice Today (Pearson, 2015), Criminology Today (Pearson, 2015), and Criminal Law Today (Pearson, 2014).

Schmalleger is also founding editor of the journal Criminal Justice Studies. He has served as editor for the Pearson series Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century and as imprint adviser for Greenwood Publishing Group's criminal justice reference series. Schmalleger's philosophy of both teaching and writing can be summed up in these words: "In order to communicate knowledge we must first catch, then hold, a person's interest—be it student, colleague, or policymaker. Our writing, our speaking, and our teaching must be relevant to the problems facing people today, and they must in some way help solve those problems."

PART 1 Crime in America

1. What Is Criminal Justice? 1

2. The Crime Picture 22

3. Criminal Law 61

PART 2 Policing

4. Policing: Purpose and Organization 90

5. Policing: Legal Aspects 124

6. Policing: Issues and Challenges 168

PART 3 Adjudication

7. The Courts 207

8. The Courtroom Work Group and the Criminal Trial 231

9. Sentencing 265

PART 4 Corrections

10. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections 308

11. Prisons and Jails 337

12. Prison Life 364

PART 5 The Juvenile Justice System

13. Juvenile Justice 400

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