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Criminal Investigation : The Art and the Science

ISBN: 9780130809803 | 0130809802
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 8/1/1998

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SummaryTable of Contents
Exceptionally applied in approach, this book considers Criminal Investigation from a chronological perspective--in the sequence that an officer would actually encounter and practice it.
PREFACEXI
PART 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION1(80)
1. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION: AN OVERVIEW
1(32)
... MORE
Introduction
2(1)
The Romance and Reality of Crime Solving
2(2)
Criminal Investigation and Our English Heritage
4(3)
Criminal Investigation in America
7(3)
The Increase of Science in Crime Detection
10(1)
Criminal Investigation Research: The RAND Corporation Study
11(2)
Criminal Investigation Research: The PERF Study
13(1)
The Objectives of Criminal Investigation
14(1)
The Emergence of the Police Specialist
14(1)
Types of Investigations
15(1)
Modes of Investigations
15(1)
The Role of the Criminal Investigator
16(3)
Understanding the Crime Picture
19(12)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
31(1)
Discussion Questions
31(1)
Class Project
32(1)
2. THE RULE OF LAW
33(31)
Introduction
34(1)
The Role of Common Law
34(1)
The Concept of Due Process
34(1)
Criminal and Civil Law
35(1)
The Question of Proof
36(1)
Felonies and Misdemeanors
37(1)
What Is a Crime?
38(2)
Proof and Evidence Defined
40(1)
The Transfer of Evidence Theory
41(1)
The Role of Physical Evidence
41(1)
Types of Evidence
42(1)
The Admissibility of Evidence
43(1)
The Rules of Evidence
44(2)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
46(1)
Discussion Questions
46(1)
Class Project
47(1)
APPENDIX: Physical Evidence
47(17)
3. THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
64(17)
Introduction
65(1)
Performing the Preliminary Investigation
65(1)
The Role of Evidence at the Crime Scene
66(1)
The First Officer's Responsibilities
67(5)
Managing Emergency Situations
72(1)
Securing the Scene
72(1)
Handling Special Situations at the Scene
73(4)
Contacting the Medical Examiner
77(1)
Conducting a Neighborhood Canvass
78(1)
Performing the Follow-up Investigation
78(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
79(1)
Discussion Questions
79(1)
Class Project
80(1)
PART 2. THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS81(180)
4. DOCUMENTING THE CRIME SCENE
81(31)
Introduction
82(1)
Field Notes and Reports
82(7)
Writing the Official Police Report
89(3)
The Structure of the Report
92(3)
Photographing the Crime Scene
95(5)
Admissibility of Photographic Evidence
100(1)
Identification of Photographs
101(1)
Surveillance Photographs
102(1)
Videotaping the Scene
103(1)
The Crime Scene Sketch
104(6)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
110(1)
Discussion Questions
110(1)
Class Project
111(1)
5. SEARCH AND SEIZURE
112(41)
Introduction
113(1)
Due Process and the Constitution
113(1)
Legal Guidelines for Searches
114(7)
Searches with a Warrant
121(5)
Warrantless Searches
126(12)
Beginning the Search
138(3)
Searching the Scene
141(1)
Rules for Collecting Evidence
141(1)
Gathering and Preserving Evidence
142(4)
Special Cases in Evidence Handling
146(5)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
151(1)
Important Cases to Remember
152(1)
Discussion Questions
152(1)
Class Project
152(1)
6. IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINAL SUSPECTS
153(39)
Introduction
154(1)
The Role of the Crime Laboratory
154(1)
The Crime Lab Crisis
155(3)
Specialized Laboratory Equipment
158(1)
Fingerprinting
158(14)
Computerized Fingerprints: The AFIS System
172(1)
The Genetic Fingerprint: DNA
172(11)
Handwriting Analysis
183(2)
Criminal Composites
185(1)
Personality Profiling
186(2)
Police Lineups
188(3)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
191(1)
Discussion Questions
191(1)
Class Project
191(1)
7. THE CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE FUNCTION
192(16)
Introduction
193(1)
Overt Intelligence Collection
193(1)
Covert Intelligence Collection
193(1)
Criminal Intelligence and Criminal Investigation
193(1)
Defining Criminal Intelligence
194(2)
Types of Intelligence
196(1)
Procedures for Intelligence Gathering
196(4)
Analyzing the Information
200(3)
Flowcharting
203(2)
The RISS Projects
205(2)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
207(1)
Discussion Questions
207(1)
Class Project
207(1)
8. MAKING AN ARREST
208(13)
Introduction
209(1)
The Arrest
209(2)
When Is a Person Under Arrest?
211(1)
Use of Force
212(4)
Deadly Force
216(2)
The Deadly Force Triangle
218(1)
Off-Duty Arrests
219(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
220(1)
Discussion Questions
220(1)
Class Project
220(1)
9. INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION
221(25)
Introduction
222(1)
Interviews versus Interrogations
222(1)
The Interview Process
223(4)
The Interrogation Process
227(1)
Safeguarding against Police Misconduct
228(6)
Preparation for the Interrogation
234(1)
The Interrogation Procedure
235(3)
Why Suspects Cooperate and Confess
238(1)
Admissions and Confessions
239(1)
The Written Statement
240(2)
Tape-Recorded Statements
242(1)
Use of the Polygraph
243(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
244(1)
Discussion Questions
244(1)
Class Project
245(1)
10. DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF INFORMANTS
246(15)
Introduction
247(2)
Who Are Informants?
249(2)
Informant Motivations
251(2)
Documenting Your Source
253(2)
Maintaining Control
255(1)
Protecting the Informant's Identity
256(1)
Legal Considerations
257(1)
Other Problems with Informants
258(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
259(1)
Discussion Questions
259(1)
Class Project
260(1)
PART 3. INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE261(92)
11. WRONGFUL DEATH
261(24)
Introduction
262(2)
Modes of Death
264(1)
Legal Characteristics of Homicide
265(1)
Elements of the Crime
265(1)
The Preliminary Investigation
266(1)
Protecting the Crime Scene
267(1)
Notes at the Scene
268(1)
Identifying the Victim
268(2)
Estimating the Time of Death
270(3)
Gunshot Wounds as Evidence
273(3)
Pitfalls in Homicide Investigations
276(1)
Serial, Mass, and Sensational Murders
277(1)
National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime
277(1)
Investigation of Autoerotic Deaths
278(2)
Suicide
280(4)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
284(1)
Discussion Questions
284(1)
Class Project
284(1)
12. ROBBERY
285(18)
Introduction
286(1)
Understanding Robbery
287(1)
Defining Robbery
288(1)
The Consequences of Robbery
289(1)
The Elements of the Crime
289(1)
Types of Robbery
289(1)
Commercial Robberies: Stores and Banks
290(3)
Street Robberies
293(1)
Residential Robberies
293(1)
Robberies in Schools
294(1)
Vehicle Robberies
294(1)
Typologies of Robbers
295(1)
The First Officer on the Scene
296(1)
The Preliminary Investigation
297(1)
The Neighborhood Canvass
298(1)
The Robber's Method of Operation
298(1)
Physical Evidence
299(1)
The Role of Witnesses
300(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
301(1)
Discussion Questions
301(1)
Class Project
302(1)
13. ASSAULT
303(10)
Introduction
304(1)
Legal Classifications
304(1)
Self-Defense
305(1)
Investigating the Assault
306(1)
Domestic Violence
307(3)
Elder Abuse
310(1)
Assaults against Children
311(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
311(1)
Discussion Questions
311(1)
Class Project
312(1)
14. SEX OFFENSES
313(23)
Introduction
314(1)
The Role of the Sex-Crime Investigator
314(1)
Nuisance Sex Offenses
315(3)
Rape
318(4)
The Initial Interview of the Rape Victim
322(1)
The Follow-up Interview of the Rape Victim
323(2)
Evidence in Rape Cases
325(3)
Profiling the Rapist
328(6)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
334(1)
Discussion Questions
334(1)
Class Project
335(1)
15. CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
336(17)
Introduction
337(1)
Physical Abuse of Children
337(2)
Taking the Initial Report
339(1)
The Initial Police Response
339(1)
Sexual Abuse of Children
340(2)
The Preliminary Investigation
342(1)
Interviewing the Child Victim
342(4)
Children as Witnesses
346(2)
Understanding the Child Molester
348(1)
Investigating the Molester
349(2)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
351(1)
Discussion Questions
351(1)
Class Project
352(1)
PART 4. PROPERTY CRIMES353(81)
16. BURGLARY
353(15)
Introduction
354(1)
Burglary versus Robbery
355(1)
Why Criminals Burglarize
355(1)
Elements of the Crime of Burglary
356(1)
How the ThiefWorks
356(1)
Types of Burglaries
357(1)
Types of Burglars
357(1)
The Preliminary Investigation
358(2)
Physical Evidence
360(1)
Possession of Burglary Tools
360(2)
Safe Burglaries
362(1)
Tracing Stolen Property
363(2)
Circumstantial Evidence
365(1)
Burglary Prevention through Proactive Patrol
365(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
366(1)
Discussion Questions
366(1)
Class Project
367(1)
17. LARCENY-THEFT
368(15)
Introduction
369(1)
Larceny-Theft Offenses
369(2)
Forgery and Fraud
371(3)
Embezzlement
374(4)
Credit Card Fraud
378(2)
Shoplifting
380(2)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
382(1)
Discussion Questions
382(1)
Class Project
382(1)
18. MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT
383(23)
Introduction
384(2)
Elements of the Crime
386(1)
Motivations for Motor Vehicle Theft
386(4)
The Preliminary Investigation
390(1)
The Investigative Traffic Stop
390(1)
The Vehicle Identification Number
391(2)
Disguising the Stolen Vehicle
393(1)
The Rip-Off
394(2)
Tools of the Trade
396(1)
Recognizing the Stolen Vehicle
397(1)
The Usefulness of Alarms
398(1)
Carjacking
399(1)
Theft of Off-Road Machinery
400(1)
Motor Vehicle Fraud
401(1)
Stolen Motorcycles
402(2)
The NATB
404(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
404(1)
Discussion Questions
404(1)
Class Project
405(1)
19. ARSON AND BOMBINGS
406(28)
Introduction
407(1)
Elements of the Crime
408(1)
The Police and Fire Alliance
408(1)
Arson Investigation Techniques
409(1)
The Preliminary Investigation
409(4)
Other Clues in Arson
413(2)
Motivations of the Arsonist
415(4)
Serial Fire-Setters
419(1)
Profiling the Fire-Starter
420(1)
The Role of the Insurance Industry
421(1)
Prosecution of Arson Cases
422(1)
Bombing Incidents
423(2)
The Extent of the Problem
425(2)
Investigating the Bomb Threat
427(2)
Booby Traps
429(2)
Bomb-Searching Techniques
431(1)
When a Bomb Is Found
432(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
433(1)
Discussion Questions
433(1)
Class Project
433(1)
PART 5. VICE CRIMES AND RELATED OFFENSES434(102)
20. ORGANIZED CRIME AND VICE
434(31)
Introduction
435(1)
Defining Organized Crime
435(1)
Brief History of Organized Crime
435(1)
Vice: Illegal Goods and Services
436(1)
Characteristics of Organized Crime
437(1)
The Mafia: Traditional Organized Crime
437(1)
Activities of Traditional Organized Crime
438(7)
Legitimate Mafia Businesses
445(1)
Nontraditional Organized Crime
445(1)
Principal Nontraditional Organized Crime Organizations
446(6)
Investigating Street Gangs
452(2)
Other Domestic Organized Crime Groups
454(1)
Laws to Combat Organized Crime
455(2)
Other Legal Initiatives
457(6)
The Future of Organized Crime
463(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
463(1)
Discussion Questions
463(1)
Class Project
464(1)
21. DRUG OFFENSES
465(38)
Introduction
466(1)
Principal Drugs of Abuse
467(10)
The General Structure of Drug Laws
477(1)
The 1970 Controlled Substances Act
478(3)
Initiating Drug Cases
481(3)
Undercover Operations
484(2)
Undercover Investigative Techniques
486(1)
Drug-Buy Operations
487(1)
Entrapment
488(2)
Investigation of an Illegal Drug Laboratory
490(1)
The Drug Raid
491(3)
Pharmaceutical Diversion
494(2)
Extraordinary Drug Enforcement Techniques
496(4)
Drug Abuse Prevention
500(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
501(1)
Discussion Questions
501(1)
Class Project
502(1)
22. WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
503(33)
Introduction
504(1)
Defining White-Collar Crime
504(1)
Insider Trading
505(1)
Money Laundering
506(3)
Techniques of Money Laundering
509(7)
Confidence Games
516(3)
Computer Crime
519(7)
Typical Forms of Computer Crimes
526(4)
The Preliminary Investigation of Computer Crimes
530(1)
Evidence Considerations
531(2)
Profile of the Computer Criminal
533(1)
Interviewing the Computer Crime Suspect
534(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
534(1)
Discussion Questions
534(1)
Class Project
535(1)
PART 6. PROSECUTION536(14)
23. PREPARATION FOR COURT
536(14)
Introduction
537(1)
Pretrial Procedures
537(3)
The Criminal Trial Process
540(4)
Witness Preparation
544(1)
The Investigator as a Professional Witness
545(1)
Credibility of Witnesses
546(1)
The Officer's Courtroom Demeanor
547(1)
The Role of the Expert Witness
548(1)
Do You Recognize these Terms?
549(1)
Discussion Questions
549(1)
Class Project
549(1)
APPENDIX: CASES550(3)
GLOSSARY553(8)
REFERENCES561(7)
INDEX568

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