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Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (Non Info Trac)

ISBN: 9780534584429 | 053458442X
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: WADSWORTH PUB CO INC
Pub. Date: 8/9/2002

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SummaryTable of Contents
This anthology represents all of the most important points of view on the most pressing topics in bioethics. Containing current essays and actual medical and legal cases written by outstanding scholars from around the globe, this book provides readers with diverse range of standpoints, including those of medical researchers and practitioners, legal exerts, and philosophers.
Prefaceix
PART I Introduction to Ethics1(38)
Ethical Theory and Bioethics
1(38)
Fundamental Problems
... MORE1(11)
The Study of Morality
1(3)
Moral Dilemmas and Disagreements
4(3)
The Problem of Relativism
7(3)
The Acceptability of Moral Diversity and Moral Disagreement
10(1)
Moral Justification
11(1)
Types of Ethical Theory
12(9)
Utilitarian Theories
12(2)
Kantian Theories
14(2)
Contemporary Challenges to Traditional Theories
16(1)
Virtue Ethics
17(1)
The Ethics of Care
18(1)
Casuistry
19(2)
Ethical Principles
21(7)
Respect for Autonomy
22(1)
Beneficence
23(2)
Justice
25(3)
Law and Policy
28(11)
Ethics and Public Affairs
28(2)
Morality and Law
30(1)
Legal and Moral Rights
30(1)
Law, Authority, and Autonomy
31(8)
PART II Justice and Autonomy in Health Care39(140)
Justice in Access to Health Care
39(70)
Introduction
39(7)
Just Health Care and the Right to Health Care
46(26)
``Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass?''
46(7)
Norman Daniels
``Justice, the Basic Social Contract, and Health Care''
53(6)
Robert M. Veatch
``The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care''
59(5)
Allen E. Buchanan
``Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations''
64(8)
H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.
Managed Care and Access to Care
72(18)
``Securing Health or Just Health Care? The Effect of the Health Care System on the Health of America''
72(7)
Lawrence O. Gostin
``Managed Care: How Economic Incentive Reforms Went Wrong''
79(4)
Madison Powers
``Managed Care: Rationing without Justice, But Not Unjustly''
83(7)
Allen Buchanan
Rationing
90(19)
`` `Rationing' Health Care: Not All Definitions Are Created Equal''
90(5)
Peter A. Ubel
Susan Dorr Goold
``Rationing Fairly: Programmatic Considerations''
95(5)
Norman Daniels
``Just Caring: Oregon, Health Care Rationing, and Informed Democratic Deliberation
100(9)
Leonard Flec
Autonomy Rights and Medical Information
109(70)
Introduction
109(7)
The Confidentiality of Medical Information
116(12)
``Confidentiality in Medicine-A Decrepit Concept''
116(3)
Mark Siegler
California Supreme Court, Tarasoff .v Regents of the University of California
119(5)
``AIDS, Confidentiality, and The Right to Know''
124(4)
Morton E. Winston
Truth Telling and Disclosing Bad News
128(11)
``Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration''
128(5)
David C. Thomasma
``Disclosure of a Diagnosis to Children and Adolescents When Parents Object''
133(6)
Garry S. Sigman
Jerome Kraut
John La Puma
Informed Consent
139(17)
United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit, Canterbury v. Spence
139(2)
``Physicians and Patients: A History of Silence''
141(4)
Jay Katz
``The Concept of Informed Consent''
145(5)
Ruth R. Faden
Tom L. Beauchamp
``Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model''
150(6)
Robert J. Levine
Refusal of Treatment
156(8)
California Court of Appeals, Second District, Bouvia v. Superior Court
156(3)
United States Supreme Court, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
159(5)
Advance Directives
164(15)
``Advance Care Planning as a Process: Structuring the Discussions in Practice''
164(7)
Linda Emanuel
Marion Danis
Robert A. Pearlman
Peter A. Singer
``Advance Directives: The Next Generation''
171(8)
Ben E. Rich
PART III Life and Death179(166)
End-of-Life Decisionmaking
179(84)
Introduction
179(7)
The Right to Die
186(15)
``A Right to Choose Death?''
186(5)
F. M. Kamm
``Is There a Right to Die?''
191(10)
Leon R. Kass
The Legal Background in the United States
201(15)
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act
201(6)
United States Supreme Court, Vacco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg
207(5)
The Supreme Court of California, Wendland v. Wendland
212(4)
The Moral Foundations of Public Policy on Physician-Assisted Death
216(19)
``Voluntary Active Euthanasia''
216(9)
Dan W. Brock
``Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View''
225(10)
John Arras
Public Policy in the Netherlands on Physician-Assisted Death
235(9)
``Voluntary Euthanasia under Control? Further Empirical Evidence from the Netherlands''
235(6)
Henk Jochemsen
John Keown
``Slippery Slopes in Flat Countries-A Response''
241(3)
Johannes J. M. van Delden
Palliation and Other Alternatives to Physician-Assisted Death
244(8)
``An Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide''
244(8)
Bernard Gert
Charles M. Culver
K. Danner Clouser
Palliative Options of Last Resort
252(11)
``A Comparison of Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking, Terminal Sedation, Physician-Assisted Suicide, and Voluntary Active Euthanasia''
252(11)
Timothy E. Quill
Bernard Lo
Dan W. Brock
Abortion and Maternal-Fetal Relations
263(82)
Introduction
263(7)
The Problem of Justifying Abortion
270(38)
``Why Abortion is Immoral''
270(8)
Don Marquis
``A Defense of Abortion''
278(10)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
``The Morality of Abortion''
288(10)
Baruch Brody
``On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion''
298(10)
Mary Anne Warren
Legal Issues of Abortion
308(14)
United States Supreme Court, Roe v. Wade
308(4)
United States Supreme Court, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Robert P. Casey, et al., etc.
312(6)
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit, Carhart v. Stenberg
318(4)
Maternal-Fetal Relationships and Rights
322(23)
United-States Supreme Court, Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
322(2)
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, In Re A.C.
324(6)
``Punishing Mothers''
330(4)
Alexander Capron
``Moral and Social Issues Regarding Pregnant Women Who Use and Abuse Drugs''
334(11)
Kenneth A. DeVille
Loretta Kopelman
PART IV Biomedical Research and Technology345(320)
Research Involving Human and Animal Subjects
345(106)
Introduction
345(9)
Codes and Guidelines
354(17)
``The Nuremberg Code''
354(1)
World Medical Association, ``Declaration of Helsinki'' and ``Note of Clarification''
355(3)
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, in Collaboration with the World Health Organization, ``International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects''
358(5)
Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, ``International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals''
363(2)
``Research Ethics: International Perspectives''
365(6)
Baruch A. Brody
Ethical Issues in Human Research
371(23)
National Bioethics Advisory Commission, ``Protecting Research Participants-A Time for Change''
371(8)
``The Ethics of Placebo-Controlled Trials-A Middle Ground''
379(6)
Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Franklin G. Miller
``Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials in Developing Countries''
385(5)
Harold T. Shapiro
Eric M. Meslin
``Justice and Medical Research: A Global Perspective''
390(4)
Solomon R. Benatar
Past Abuses of Human Research Subjects
394(24)
``The Tuskegee Study''
394(8)
Gregory E. Pence
``In Apology for the Study Done in Tuskegee
402(2)
William J. Clinton
``Factories of Death''
404(9)
Sheldon H. Harris
Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, ``Final Report''
413(5)
Ethical Issues in Animal Research
418(33)
``The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?''
418(8)
David DeGrazia
``Defending Animal Research: An International Perspective''
426(11)
Baruch A. Brody
``Formulation of Ethical Standards for the Use of Animals in Medical Research''
437(5)
Andrew N. Rowan
``Animal Research: The Need for a Middle Ground''
442(9)
Richard Smith
Eugenics and Human Genetics
451(112)
Introduction
451(1)
Eugenics Programs in the Twentieth Century
451(22)
``Eugenics and Human Rights''
457(3)
Daniel J. Kevles
United States Supreme Court, Buck v. Bell
460(2)
``Carrie Buck's Daughter''
462(5)
Stephen Jay Gould
``Eugenics: Some Lessons from the Nazi Experience''
467(6)
Jonathan Glover
The Human Genome Project
473(27)
``Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science''
473(6)
Francis S. Collins
Victor A. McKusick
``Genes and Politics''
479(6)
James D. Watson
``From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice''
485(11)
Allen Buchanan
``The Human Genome and Our View of Ourselves''
496(4)
Svante Paabo
Genetic Testing and Screening
500(34)
``Protecting Genetic Privacy''
500(7)
Patricia A. Roche
George J. Annas
``Beyond Consent: Ethical and Social Issues in Genetic Testing''
507(6)
Michael M. Burgess
``Ethical Issues in Genetic Testing of Children''
513(9)
Lainie Friedman Ross
Margaret R. Moon
Human Gene Transfer Research
522(1)
``Principles for Human Gene Therapy Studies''
522(4)
Theodore Friedmann
``Gene Therapy: Trials and Tribulations''
526(5)
Ninkunj Somia
Inder Verma
``Harm, Ethics Committees and the Gene Therapy Death''
531(3)
Julian Savulescu
Genetic Enhancement
534(29)
``Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering''
534(10)
Jonathan Glover
``Genetic Enhancement in Humans''
544(4)
Jon W. Gordon
``The Goodness of Fragility: On the Prospect of Genetic Technologies Aimed at the Enhancement of Human Capabilities''
548(15)
Erik Parens
Reproductive Technologies and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
563(102)
Introduction
563(6)
In Vitro Fertilization
569(24)
``IVF, Infertility, and the Status of Embryos''
569(11)
John A. Robertson
``Feminist Ethics and In Vitro Fertilization''
580(9)
Susan Sherwin
ISLAT Working Group, ``ART into Science: Regulation of Fertility Techniques''
589(4)
Reproductive Cloning
593(25)
``Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con''
593(10)
Dan W. Brock
``The Wisdom of Repugnance''
603(15)
Leon Kass
Cloning Human Beings
618(18)
National Bioethics Advisory Commission
618(3)
``Human Reproductive Cloning: A Look at the Arguments Against It and a Rejection of Most of Them''
621(12)
Ranaan Gillon
National Research Council, ``Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning''
633(3)
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
636(29)
National Bioethics Advisory Commission, ``Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research''
636(10)
``The Ethics and Politics of Small Sacrifices in Stem Cell Research''
646(3)
Glenn McGee
Arthur L. Caplan
``The Point of a Ban: Or, How to Think about Stem Cell Research''
649(7)
Gilbert Meilaender
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, ``Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine''
656(2)
National Research Council, ``Using Nuclear Transplantation to Produce Embryonic Stem Cells''
658(7)
PART V Public Health665
The Global Aids Epidemic and the Threat of Bioterrorism
665
Introduction
665
General Issues
671
``The AIDS Epidemic: Considerations for the 21st Century''
671
Anthony S. Fauci
UNAIDS/WHO, ``AIDS Epidemic Update''
677
``Reducing Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in Poor Countries''
685
Peter R. Lamptey
``HIV Infection and AIDS in the Public Health and Health Care Systems''
691
Lawrence O. Gostin
David W. Webber
Aids, Justice, and Public Health
700
``AIDS and Global Justice''
700
Gavin Yamey
William W. Rankin
``We All Have ASS''
702
Donald Berwick
``Africa in the 21st Century: Can Despair Be Turned to Hope?''
704
Dorothy E. Logie
Solomon R. Benatar
The Duty to Warn and the Duty Not to Harm
708
``Is There an Ethics of Heterosexual AIDS?''
708
Charles A. Erin
John Harris
``Ignorance Is Bliss? HIV and Moral Duties and Legal Duties to Forewarn''
716
Rebecca Bennett
Heather Draper
Lucy Frith
``Women Living with HIV: Disclosure, Violence, and Social Support''
724
Andrea Carlson Gielen
Testing and Screening Programs
731
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, ``Reducing the Odds: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States''
731
``Ethical Issues in Early Detection HIV Infection to Reduce Vertical Transmission''
734
Bernard Lo
Lsslie Wolf
Sohini Sengupta
``Early Detection of HIV: Assessing the Legislative Context''
742
Stephen F. Morin
Ass Vaccine Trials
750
``Ethical Issues in International Vaccine Trials''
750
Dale Guenter
Jose Esparza
Ruth Macklin
``The Search for an HIV Vaccine''
757
Malegapuru William Makgoba
Nandipha Solomon
Timothy John Paul Tucker
The Threat of Bioterrorism
761
``The Looming Threat of Bioterrorism,''
761
Donald A. Henderson
``Preparedness and Response to Bioterrorism''
768
Robert C. Spencer
Nigel F. Lightfoot
``Large-Scale Quarantine Following Biological Terrorism in the United States: Scientific Examination, Logistic and Legal Limits, and Possible Consequences''
775
Joseph Barbera
``Law and Ethics in a Public Health Emergency''
784
Lawrence O. Gostin
``Bioterrorism, Public Health, and Civil Liberties''
788
George J. Annas

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