This comprehensive, scholarly text offers extensive biographical detail and full coverage of psychology's pre-19th century philosophical and scientific roots. The authors make connections between recent developments in psychometrics and biological, social, and cognitive psychology and their historical roots through current articles and references. This critical-thinking approach, combined with groundbreaking pedagogy, makes the text interesting and accessible to students and helps them understand the thinking processes that led to major psychological discoveries, as well as how they relate to contemporary specialty areas. Of the nearly 200 new references incorporated into the text, more than 100 are dated after 2000 and the remainder from 1990-2000. A timeline of notable psychological and historical events appears inside the front and back covers of the text for easy access. The text provides extensive coverage of women and minorities in a field dominated by Caucasian men. Timelines or chronologies for each chapter connect developments in psychology to world events in politics, science, and the arts.