9781259322075

The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach is a text with readings that enhances comprehension of philosophical study by encouraging students to ponder, explore, and actively participate in the learning process. Philosophy becomes a personal journey for students through Lawhead’s unique pedagogy that introduces philosophical concepts through practical application in the form of primary sources, interwoven exercises, and sections that encourage critical thinking and further exploration of core concepts.

Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, and how they need it, so that your class time is more engaging and effective. It provides tools that make assessment easier, learning more engaging, and studying more efficient. For instance, Connect contains SmartBook, the first and only adaptive reading experience available for the higher education market. Powered by the intelligent and adaptive LearnSmart engine, SmartBook facilitates the reading process by identifying what content a student knows and doesn’t know. As a student reads The Philosophical Journey: An Interactive Approach, the material continuously adapts to ensure that he or she is focused on the content most crucial to closing specific knowledge gaps.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction To The Philosophical Journey

1.0 OVERVIEW OF THE JOURNEY

1.1 SOCRATES AND THE SEARCH FOR WISDOM

FROM PLATO, Apology

FROM PLATO, Republic

1.2 PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

FROM PLATO, Republic

1.3 ARGUMENT AND EVIDENCE: HOW DO I DECIDE WHAT TO BELIEVE?

CHAPTER 2 The Search For Ultimate Reality

2.0 OVERVIEW OF METAPHYSICS

2.1 OVERVIEW: THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM

FROM HUGH ELLIOT, Tantalus

2.2 DUALISM

FROM RENÉ DESCARTES, Discourse on the Method

READINGS FROM RENÉ DESCARTES, Meditations on First Philosophy

2.3 PHYSICALISM

FROM JEFFREY OLEN, Persons and Their World

2.4 FUNCTIONALISM AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

FROM JERRY FODOR, The Mind-Body Problem

FROM MARVIN MINSKY, Why People Think Computers Can’t

2.5 OVERVIEW: FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM

2.6 HARD DETERMINISM

FROM B. F. SKINNER, Walden Two

FROM SAMUEL BUTLER, Erewhon

FROM CLARENCE DARROW, The Leopold and Loeb Trial

2.7 LIBERTARIANISM

FROM RICHARD TAYLOR, Metaphysics

FROM JEAN-PAUL SARTRE, Being and Nothingness

2.8 COMPATIBILISM

FROM WALTER T. STACE, Religion and the Modern Mind

CHAPTER 3 The Search For Knowledge

3.0 OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE

3.1 SKEPTICISM

READINGS FROM RENÉ DESCARTES, Meditations on First Philosophy

3.2 RATIONALISM

FROM PLATO, Phaedo

FROM RENÉ DESCARTES, Meditations on First Philosophy

3.3 EMPIRICISM

FROM JOHN LOCKE, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

READINGS FROM DAVID HUME, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
FROM DAVID HUME, A Treatise of Human Nature
3.4 KANTIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM
READINGS FROM IMMANUEL KANT, Critique of Pure Reason
3.5 EPISTEMOLOGICAL RELATIVISM
FROM FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Beyond Good and Evil
3.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: PRAGMATISM
FROM WILLIAM JAMES, Pragmatism’s Conception of Truth
3.7 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: FEMINIST EPISTEMOLOGY
FROM ANN GARRY AND MARILYN PEARSALL, Women, Knowledge, and Reality
3.8 APPLYING EPISTEMOLOGY: WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE?
CHAPTER 4 The Search For God
4.0 OVERVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
FROM PETER KREEFT, Does God Exist?
4.1 THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT FOR GOD
FROM THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologica
FROM RICHARD TAYLOR, Metaphysics
4.2 THE DESIGN ARGUMENT FOR GOD
FROM WILLIAM PALEY, Natural Theology
FROM DAVID HUME, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
4.3 THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT FOR GOD
FROM ST. ANSELM, Proslogium
4.4 PRAGMATIC AND SUBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATIONS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF
FROM BLAISE PASCAL, Thoughts
FROM WILLIAM JAMES, The Will to Believe
FROM SØREN KIERKEGAARD, Selections
4.5 THE PROBLEM OF EVIL: ATHEISTIC AND THEISTIC RESPONSES
FROM ALBERT CAMUS, The Plague
FROM JOHN HICK, Evil and the God of Love
FROM C. S. LEWIS, The Problem of Pain
4.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: ASIAN RELIGIONS
FROM THE UPANISHADS
FROM THE BUDDHA, Selected Teachings
FROM HERMAN HESSE, Siddhartha
4.7 APPLYING PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: HOW DOES RELIGION RELATE TO SCIENCE?
CHAPTER 5 The Search For Ethical Values
5.0 OVERVIEW OF ETHICS
FROM PLATO, Republic
5.1 ETHICAL RELATIVISM VERSUS OBJECTIVISM
FROM HERODOTUS, The Histories
FROM RUTH BENEDICT, Anthropology and the Abnormal
FROM JAMES RACHELS, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism
5.2 ETHICAL EGOISM
FROM W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM, Of Human Bondage
FROM AYN RAND, The Virtue of Selfishness
5.3 UTILITARIANISM
FROM JEREMY BENTHAM, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
FROM JOHN STUART MILL, Utilitarianism
FROM ALASTAIR NORCROSS, Comparing Harms: Headaches and Human Lives
5.4 KANTIAN ETHICS
FROM IMMANUEL KANT, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals
5.5 VIRTUE ETHICS
FROM ARISTOTLE, Nicomachean Ethics
FROM CONFUCIUS, The Analects
FROM JANET SMITH, Moral Character and Abortion
5.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: FEMINISTETHICS
MARILYN FRIEDMAN, Liberating Care
CHAPTER 6 The Search For The Just Society
6.0 OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
6.1 THE JUSTIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT
FROM ROBERT PAUL WOLFF, In Defense of Anarchism
FROM JOHN LOCKE, An Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent and End of Civil Government
FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (JULY 4, 1776
6.2 THE QUESTION OF JUSTICE
FROM PLATO, Republic
FROM THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologica
FROM JOHN STUART MILL, Utilitarianism
FROM JOHN RAWLS, A Theory of Justice
FROM SUSAN MOLLER OKIN, Justice, Gender, and the Family
6.3 THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE
FROM JOHN STUART MILL, On Liberty
FROM KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, Communist Manifesto
6.4 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
FROM PLATO, Crito
FROM MOHANDAS GANDHI, Young India
FROM MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., Letter from Birmingham Jail
CHAPTER 7 Philosophy And The Meaning Of Life
FROM LEO TOLSTOY, My Confession
FROM HAZEL E. BARNES, An Existentialist Ethics

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Summary

Table of Contents

READINGS FROM DAVID HUME, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

FROM DAVID HUME, A Treatise of Human Nature

3.4 KANTIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM

READINGS FROM IMMANUEL KANT, Critique of Pure Reason

3.5 EPISTEMOLOGICAL RELATIVISM

FROM FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Beyond Good and Evil

3.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: PRAGMATISM

FROM WILLIAM JAMES, Pragmatism’s Conception of Truth

3.7 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: FEMINIST EPISTEMOLOGY

FROM ANN GARRY AND MARILYN PEARSALL, Women, Knowledge, and Reality

3.8 APPLYING EPISTEMOLOGY: WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE?

CHAPTER 4 The Search For God

4.0 OVERVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

FROM PETER KREEFT, Does God Exist?

4.1 THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT FOR GOD

FROM THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologica

FROM RICHARD TAYLOR, Metaphysics

4.2 THE DESIGN ARGUMENT FOR GOD

FROM WILLIAM PALEY, Natural Theology

FROM DAVID HUME, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

4.3 THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT FOR GOD

FROM ST. ANSELM, Proslogium

4.4 PRAGMATIC AND SUBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATIONS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF

FROM BLAISE PASCAL, Thoughts

FROM WILLIAM JAMES, The Will to Believe

FROM SØREN KIERKEGAARD, Selections

4.5 THE PROBLEM OF EVIL: ATHEISTIC AND THEISTIC RESPONSES

FROM ALBERT CAMUS, The Plague

FROM JOHN HICK, Evil and the God of Love

FROM C. S. LEWIS, The Problem of Pain

4.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: ASIAN RELIGIONS

FROM THE UPANISHADS

FROM THE BUDDHA, Selected Teachings

FROM HERMAN HESSE, Siddhartha

4.7 APPLYING PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: HOW DOES RELIGION RELATE TO SCIENCE?

CHAPTER 5 The Search For Ethical Values

5.0 OVERVIEW OF ETHICS

FROM PLATO, Republic

5.1 ETHICAL RELATIVISM VERSUS OBJECTIVISM

FROM HERODOTUS, The Histories

FROM RUTH BENEDICT, Anthropology and the Abnormal

FROM JAMES RACHELS, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism

5.2 ETHICAL EGOISM

FROM W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM, Of Human Bondage

FROM AYN RAND, The Virtue of Selfishness

5.3 UTILITARIANISM

FROM JEREMY BENTHAM, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

FROM JOHN STUART MILL, Utilitarianism

FROM ALASTAIR NORCROSS, Comparing Harms: Headaches and Human Lives

5.4 KANTIAN ETHICS

FROM IMMANUEL KANT, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals

5.5 VIRTUE ETHICS

FROM ARISTOTLE, Nicomachean Ethics

FROM CONFUCIUS, The Analects

FROM JANET SMITH, Moral Character and Abortion

5.6 RETHINKING THE WESTERN TRADITION: FEMINISTETHICS

MARILYN FRIEDMAN, Liberating Care

CHAPTER 6 The Search For The Just Society

6.0 OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

6.1 THE JUSTIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT

FROM ROBERT PAUL WOLFF, In Defense of Anarchism

FROM JOHN LOCKE, An Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent and End of Civil Government

FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (JULY 4, 1776

6.2 THE QUESTION OF JUSTICE

FROM PLATO, Republic

FROM THOMAS AQUINAS, Summa Theologica

FROM JOHN STUART MILL, Utilitarianism

FROM JOHN RAWLS, A Theory of Justice

FROM SUSAN MOLLER OKIN, Justice, Gender, and the Family

6.3 THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE

FROM JOHN STUART MILL, On Liberty

FROM KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS, Communist Manifesto

6.4 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE