Rent 9780205484942 | In Conflict and Order : Understanding Society | Eitzen, D. Stanley; Baca Zinn, Maxine; Smith, Kelly Eitzen @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

This introductory text, written from a conflict perspective, emphasizes four themes: diversity, the struggle by the powerless to achieve social justice, the changing economy, and globalization. In Conflict and Order studies the forces that lead to both stability and change in society. Who benefits from the existing social arrangements, and who does not? How are human beings shaped by society? What are the forces that maintain social stability, produce social inequality, and resist social change? Eitzen and Baca Zinn challenge you to question yo... MORE

Preface	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xix
The Sociological Approach	p. 1
The Sociological Perspective	p. 1
Sociology	p. 2
Assumptions of the Sociological Perspective	p. 3
The Sociological Imagination	p. 6
Problems with the Sociological Perspective	p. 6
The Historical Development of Sociology	p. 9
Auguste Comte (... MORE1798-1857): The Science of Society	p. 9
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917): Social Facts and the Social Bond	p. 9
Karl Marx (1818-1883): Economic Determinism	p. 10
Max Weber (1864-1920): A Response to Marx	p. 10
Sociological Methods: The Craft of Sociology	p. 11
Sociological Questions	p. 11
Problems in Collecting Data	p. 14
A Closer Look: Thinking Like a Sociologist	p. 13
Research Methods: Standards for Objectivity and Integrity in Social Research	p. 17
Sources of Data	p. 19
The Structure of Social Groups	p. 25
The Micro Level	p. 25
Social Organization	p. 25
A Closer Look: The Isolating Effects of E-Mail	p. 26
Norms	p. 28
Status and Role	p. 29
Social Control	p. 32
Primary and Secondary Groups	p. 32
Bureaucracy: The Ultimate Secondary Group	p. 34
Power of the Social Group	p. 35
The Societal or Macro Level	p. 41
Society as a Social System	p. 41
The Culture of Society	p. 42
Social Classes	p. 42
Social Institutions	p. 42
Diversity: Gay Marriage?	p. 43
The Duality of Social Life: Order and Conflict	p. 49
Social Systems: Order and Conflict	p. 50
Research Methods: Social Scientists and Values: Taking Sides	p. 50
The Order Model	p. 51
The Conflict Model	p. 52
The Duality of Social Life	p. 53
Synthesis of the Order and Conflict Models	p. 55
Division and Violence	p. 57
A Closer Look: Deepening Divides in U.S. Society	p. 58
Violence and the Myth of Peaceful Progress	p. 63
A Closer Look: Violence and Division in India	p. 64
The Integrative Forces in Society	p. 69
Diversity: The Media's Selective Perception of Race and Class	p. 72
The Use of the Order and Conflict Models in This Book	p. 73
The Individual in Society: Society in the Individual	p. 77
Culture	p. 77
Culture: The Knowledge That People Share	p. 78
Characteristics of Culture	p. 78
A Closer Look: Is the United States Culturally Superior?	p. 81
Types of Shared Knowledge	p. 82
The Social Construction of Reality	p. 86
A Closer Look: Cultural Time	p. 88
The Globalization of Culture?	p. 90
Globalization: The Downside to English as a Universal Language	p. 91
Values	p. 93
Values as Sources of Societal Integration and Social Problems	p. 94
A Closer Look: Triumph's Great Failure	p. 98
Values and Behavior	p. 102
Cultural Diversity	p. 104
Research Methods: The Researcher as Participant	p. 105
Values from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 106
Socialization	p. 111
The Personality as a Social Product	p. 114
Charles H. Cooley (1864-1929): The Looking-Glass Self	p. 115
A Closer Look: The Looking-Glass Self and Body Image	p. 116
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931): Taking the Role of the Other	p. 116
Albert Bandura (1925- ): Social Cognitive Theory	p. 118
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): The Psychoanalytic View	p. 118
Society's Socialization Agents	p. 119
A Closer Look: Learning to Hate	p. 120
A Closer Look: What Is the Impact of Media Violence on Youth?	p. 122
Similarities and Differences among the Members of Society	p. 125
Modal Personality Type	p. 125
Why We Are Not All Alike	p. 126
Social Control	p. 133
Agents of Ideological Social Control	p. 134
Family	p. 135
Education	p. 135
Religion	p. 136
Diversity: The Amish and Social Control	p. 137
Sport	p. 138
Media	p. 139
Government	p. 140
Agents of Direct Social Control	p. 141
Welfare	p. 142
Science and Medicine	p. 142
Government	p. 145
A Closer Look: The Iron Fist in the Land of Order	p. 146
Globalization: Terrorism: If It's a Muslim Problem, It Needs a Muslim Solution	p. 152
Social Control in the Private Sector: Implications for Contemporary Social Life	p. 153
A Closer Look: The Internet's Private Eye	p. 154
Social Control from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 157
Deviance	p. 161
Traditional Theories for the Causes of Deviance	p. 164
The Individual as the Source of Deviance	p. 164
The Blaming-the-Victim Critique	p. 168
Society as the Source of Deviance	p. 173
Labeling Theory	p. 173
Diversity: The Criminal Justice System: Unreasonable Stops and Searches by Race	p. 175
Human Agency: The Gay Rights Movement	p. 181
Conflict Theory	p. 182
A Closer Look: Corporate Perjury and Obstruction of Justice	p. 184
Deviance from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 186
The Study of Society	p. 191
Structural Sources of Societal Change: Economic and Demographic	p. 191
Globalization and the Structural Transformation of the Economy	p. 191
Globalization: Boxing Up U.S. Jobs and Sending Them Overseas	p. 194
Structural Changes in the U.S. Economy Resulting from Globalization	p. 195
A Closer Look: Capitalism's Changing Job Market: A Process of Creative Destruction	p. 198
The New Immigration and the Changing Racial Landscape	p. 204
Immigration Patterns	p. 205
The Consequences of the New Immigration	p. 207
The Reaction of the Hosts to the New Immigrants	p. 209
Human Agency: Low-Wage Immigrant Workers Fight Back	p. 211
Immigration and Agency	p. 213
Diversity: Newcomers Bring Diversity but Fuel Fears	p. 214
The Aging Society	p. 217
The Demographics of an Aging Society	p. 217
Problems of an Aging Society	p. 219
Responses by the Elderly: Human Agency	p. 222
The Three Structural Transformations of Society	p. 223
Social Stratification	p. 229
A Closer Look: Birth as Destiny: India's Caste System	p. 230
Globalization: Inequality among Nations	p. 231
Major Concepts	p. 231
Class	p. 233
Race and Ethnicity	p. 233
Gender	p. 234
The Intersection of Class, Race, and Gender	p. 235
Theories of Stratification	p. 236
Order Theory	p. 236
Conflict Theory	p. 236
Deficiency Theories	p. 237
Biological Inferiority	p. 238
Research Methods: The Political Climate and Scientific Ideas	p. 240
Cultural Inferiority	p. 243
Structural Theories	p. 244
Institutional Discrimination	p. 244
The Political Economy of Society	p. 246
Diversity: Who Benefits from Poverty?	p. 247
Class	p. 253
Dimensions of Inequality	p. 254
Wealth	p. 254
Income	p. 254
Education	p. 255
Occupation	p. 257
The Consequences of Increasing Inequality for Society	p. 258
Social Classes	p. 260
The Order Model's Conception of Social Class	p. 261
The Conflict Model's Conception of Social Class	p. 262
Summary: Class from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 266
The Consequences of Social Class Positions	p. 267
Physical Health	p. 267
Family Instability	p. 269
The Draft	p. 270
Justice	p. 270
Education	p. 271
Social Mobility	p. 272
Education and Social Mobility	p. 274
Poverty in the United States	p. 276
Human Agency: Coping Strategies among the Poor	p. 278
Racial Minorities	p. 278
Nativity	p. 279
Gender	p. 279
Children	p. 280
The Elderly	p. 280
The Geography of Poverty	p. 280
The Severely Poor	p. 281
Myths about Poverty	p. 282
Refusal to Work	p. 282
Welfare Dependency	p. 283
A Closer Look: The New Welfare Policy: A Critique	p. 284
The Poor Get Special Advantages	p. 287
Welfare Is an African American and Latino Program	p. 288
Racial Inequality	p. 293
Racial and Ethnic Minorities	p. 294
Racial Categories	p. 295
Diversity: The Growing Difficulty of Defining Race	p. 297
Differences among Racial and Ethnic Groups	p. 298
Globalization: The Changing Face of Sweden: Dark Skin and Brown Eyes	p. 300
A Closer Look: Diverging Paths for Foreign-Born Blacks and African Americans	p. 302
Explanations of Racial and Ethnic Inequality	p. 305
Deficiency Theories	p. 306
Bias Theories	p. 306
Structural Discrimination Theories	p. 307
Racial Stratification from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 309
Discrimination against Blacks and Hispanics: Continuity and Change	p. 310
Income	p. 310
Education	p. 313
Unemployment	p. 314
Type of Employment	p. 314
Health	p. 315
Contemporary Trends and Issues in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations	p. 316
Growing Racial Strife	p. 317
More Racially Based Groups and Activities	p. 317
Economic Polarization in U.S. Inner Cities	p. 318
Racial Policies in the New Century	p. 319
Gender Inequality	p. 325
Diversity: Is a Gender-Free World Possible?	p. 326
Women and Men Are Differentiated and Ranked	p. 326
Is Gender Biological or Social?	p. 327
Gender and Power	p. 328
Gender Stratification from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 329
The Order Perspective	p. 329
The Conflict Perspective	p. 330
The Implications of the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 331
Learning Gender	p. 332
Children at Home	p. 332
Children at Play	p. 334
Formal Education	p. 336
Socialization as Blaming the Victim	p. 341
Reinforcing Male Dominance	p. 341
Language	p. 342
Interpersonal Behavior	p. 342
Mass Communications Media	p. 343
Religion	p. 344
The Law	p. 345
Politics	p. 346
Structured Gender Inequality	p. 348
Occupational Distribution	p. 348
The Earnings Gap	p. 351
Intersection of Race and Gender in the Workplace	p. 352
Pay Equity	p. 352
How Workplace Inequality Operates	p. 353
Gender in the Global Economy	p. 355
Globalization: Trafficking Sex for a Globalized Market	p. 356
The Costs and Consequences of Sexism	p. 357
Who Benefits?	p. 357
The Social and Individual Costs	p. 357
Fighting the System	p. 358
Feminist Movements in the United States	p. 358
Women's Struggles in the Twenty-First Century	p. 359
Human Agency: Empowering Poor Women and Protecting the Environment: The Story of Wangari Maathai, Nobel Peace Laureate	p. 360
Social Institutions	p. 365
The Economy	p. 365
Capitalism and Socialism	p. 366
Capitalism	p. 366
Socialism	p. 368
The Corporation-Dominated Economy	p. 369
Monopolistic Capitalism	p. 369
Transnational Corporations	p. 371
Capitalism and Inequality	p. 372
Concentration of Corporate Wealth	p. 372
Concentration of Private Wealth and Income	p. 373
Concentration of Want and Misery	p. 373
Work in U.S. Society	p. 374
The Problems of Work	p. 374
Human Agency: Sweatshop Workers Organize and Win	p. 379
Discrimination in the Workplace: The Perpetuation of Inequality	p. 382
Unemployment	p. 385
Capitalism in Crisis	p. 387
The Negative Consequences of Private Profitability over Social Need	p. 387
Excesses at the Heart of Capitalism: Greed, Cronyism, and Ripoffs	p. 388
A Closer Look: The Ten Habits of Highly Defective Corporations: Titans of the Enron Economy	p. 390
Declining Wages, Jobs, Consumerism, and Profits	p. 392
The Lack of Economic Planning	p. 393
Power and Politics	p. 399
Models of the National Power Structure	p. 400
Pluralist Models	p. 400
A Closer Look: Structural Barriers to Democracy	p. 402
A Closer Look: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy	p. 404
A Closer Look: Is the United States a Plutocracy? Some Warnings	p. 406
Elitist Models	p. 408
The Consequences of Concentrated Power	p. 417
Human Agency: The Constitutional Battle for Racial Equality	p. 420
Subsidies to Big Business	p. 421
Trickle-Down Solutions	p. 423
The Powerless Pay the Burden	p. 424
Foreign Policy for Corporate Benefit	p. 425
The Order and Conflict Perspectives on the Distribution of Power	p. 426
Families	p. 431
The Mythical Family in the United States	p. 431
Globalization: Families in Global Perspective: Family Upheavals around the World	p. 432
Families in Contemporary U.S. Society	p. 433
The Family in Capitalism	p. 433
Stratification and Family Life	p. 435
Structural Transformation and Family Life	p. 437
The Changing Composition of Households and Families	p. 439
Changes in Marriage and Family Roles	p. 441
The Social and Individual Benefits of Marriage	p. 442
The Benefits of Marriage Reconsidered	p. 443
Same-Sex Marriage	p. 444
Diversity: Why Family Issues Matter for Lesbians and Gays	p. 445
Divorce and Remarriage	p. 446
Work and Family Roles	p. 447
Research Methods: Researching Families: How Sociologist Arlie Hochschild Interviewed Couples about the Demands of Work and Family	p. 449
Children and Adolescents	p. 450
The Aged	p. 452
Violence in Families	p. 453
The Modern Family from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 455
Families of the Future	p. 456
Education	p. 461
The Characteristics of U.S. Education	p. 462
Education as a Conserving Force	p. 462
Mass Education	p. 462
Local Control of Education	p. 463
The Competitive Nature of U.S. Education	p. 466
The Sifting and Sorting Function of Schools	p. 466
Diversity: How to Leave No Child Behind	p. 467
Diversity: Cooling Out the Failures	p. 468
The Preoccupation with Order and Control	p. 469
Education and Inequality	p. 470
Finances	p. 472
Tracking and Teachers' Expectations	p. 478
Education from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 482
Religion	p. 487
Globalization: The Global Reach of the World's Major Religions	p. 490
Classical Sociology's Differing Interpretations of Religion	p. 492
Religion from the Order Perspective of Emile Durkheim	p. 492
Religion from the Conflict Perspective of Karl Marx	p. 492
Max Weber's View of Religion and Social Change	p. 493
Some Distinctive Features of U.S. Religion	p. 494
Civil Religion	p. 494
Globalization: Outsourcing Prayer	p. 494
The Variety of Religious Beliefs in the United States	p. 496
Diversity: Islam in the United States	p. 497
Religious Organization	p. 498
A Closer Look: The Heaven's Gate Cult	p. 501
Class, Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Religion	p. 502
The Relationship between Social Class and Religion	p. 502
Religion and Race: The Case of African Americans	p. 504
Religion and Gender	p. 505
Religion and Sexuality	p. 505
Diversity: Religion and Patriarchy	p. 506
Religious Trends	p. 507
The Decline of the Mainline Denominations	p. 509
The Rise of Christian Fundamentalism	p. 510
The Spread of the Evangelical Message via Savvy Marketing	p. 511
Contemporary Christianity and Politics	p. 513
The Religious Right	p. 513
The Role of Mainline Churches: Comfort or Challenge?	p. 514
Religion from the Order and Conflict Perspectives	p. 516
Human Agency	p. 521
Human Agency: Individuals and Groups in Society Changing Social Structures	p. 521
The Sociological Paradox: Social Structure and Agency	p. 521
Social Movements	p. 522
Types of Social Movements	p. 523
Human Agency: The Political Muscle of Americans with Disabilities	p. 524
The Life Course of Social Movements	p. 525
Globalization: Students against Sweatshops	p. 526
Agency: Social Change from the Bottom Up	p. 527
The Civil Rights Movement	p. 527
Gender Equity in Sports	p. 531
Conclusion	p. 535
Glossary	p. 539
References	p. 547
Name Index	p. 571
Subject Index	p. 576
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