Rent 9781592571994 | The Complete Idiot's Guide to Statistics | Donnelly Jr., Ph.D., Robert A. @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents Author Biography

This book will be aimed at high school and university students who need to take statistics to fulfill a degree requirement, and it will follow a standard statistics curriculum. But because statistics is a mathematical topic that is taught to many non-mathematical people in a manner that often overwhelms them, the presentation of the material will focus on the concepts rather than the computations. Students will learn the required maths involved, but the focus will be on interpreting final results as opposed to the details of the technique.
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Part 1: The Basics

(72)

Let's Get Started

(10)

Where Is This Stuff Used?

(1)

Who Thought of This Stuff?

(1)

Early Pioneers

(1)

More Recent Famous People

(1)

The Field of Statistics Today

(3)

Descriptive Statistics---the Minor League

(1)

Inferential Statistics---the Major League

(1)

Ethics and Statistics---It's a Dangerous World out There

(3)

Your Turn

(1)

Data, Data Everywhere and Not a Drop to Drink

(12)

The Importance of Data

(1)

The Sources of Data---Where Does All This Stuff Come From?

(3)

Direct Observation---I'll Be Watching You

(1)

Experiments---Who's in Control?

(1)

Surveys---Is That Your Final Answer?

(1)

Types of Data

(1)

Types of Measurement Scales---a Weighty Topic

(2)

Nominal Level of Measurement

(1)

Oridinal Level of Measurement

(1)

Interval Level of Measurement

(1)

Ratio Level of Measurement

(1)

Computers to the Rescue

(3)

The Role of Computers in Statistics

(1)

Installing the Data Analysis Add-in

(2)

Your Turn

(2)

Displaying Descriptive Statistics

(18)

Frequency Distributions

(7)

Constructing a Frequency Distribution

(1)

(A Distant) Relative Frequency Distribution

(1)

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

(1)

Graphing a Frequency Distribution---the Histogram

(1)

Letting Excel Do Our Dirty Work

(3)

Statistical Flower Power---the Stem and Leaf Display

(1)

Charting Your Course

(7)

What's Your Favorite Pie Chart?

(2)

Bar Charts

(1)

Line Charts

(1)

Excel's Chart Wizard of Oz

(3)

Your Turn

(2)

Calculating Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, and Mode)

(14)

Measures of Central Tendency

(8)

Mean

(2)

Weighted Mean

(1)

Mean of Grouped Data from a Frequency Distribution

(3)

Median

(1)

Mode

(1)

How Does One Choose?

(1)

Using Excel to Calculate Central Tendency

(2)

Your Turn

(3)

Calculating Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Dispersion

(16)

Range

(1)

Variance

(4)

Using the Raw Score Method (When Grilling)

(1)

The Variance of a Population

(2)

Standard Deviation

(1)

Calculating the Standard Deviation of Grouped Data

(1)

The Empirical Rule: Working the Standard Deviation

(2)

Chebyshev's Theorem

(2)

Measures of Relative Position

(1)

Quartiles

(1)

Interquartile Range

(1)

Using Excel to Calculate Measures of Dispersion

(1)

Your Turn

(3)

Part 2: Probability Topics

(80)

Introduction to Probability

(10)

What Is Probability?

(3)

Classical Probability

(1)

Empirical Probability

(2)

Subjective Probability

(1)

Basic Properties of Probability

(1)

The Intersection of Events

(2)

The Union of Events: A Marriage Made in Heaven

(1)

Your Turn

(2)

More Probability Stuff

(12)

Conditional Probability

(2)

Independent Versus Dependent Events

(1)

Multiplication Rule of Probabilities

(1)

Mutually Exclusive Events

(1)

Addition Rule of Probabilities

(2)

Summarizing Our Findings

(1)

Bayes' Theorem

(1)

Your Turn

(3)

Counting Principles and Probability Distributions

(16)

Counting Principles

(6)

The Fundamental Counting Principle

(1)

Permutations

(2)

Combinations

101

(2)

Using Excel to Calculate Permutations and Combinations

103

(1)

Probability Distributions

104

(6)

Random Variables

105

(1)

Discrete Probability Distributions

106

(1)

Rules for Discrete Probability Distributions

107

(1)

The Mean of a Discrete Probability Distribution

108

(1)

The Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability Distribution

109

(1)

Your Turn

110

(3)

The Binomial Probability Distribution

113

(10)

Characteristics of a Binomial Experiment

114

(1)

The Binomial Probability Distribution

115

(3)

Binomial Probability Tables

118

(1)

Using Excel to Calculate Binomial Probabilities

119

(1)

The Mean and Standard Deviation for the Binomial Distribution

120

(1)

Your Turn

121

(2)

The Poisson Probability Distribution

123

(12)

Characteristics of a Poisson Process

124

(1)

The Poisson Probability Distribution

125

(3)

Poisson Probability Tables

128

(2)

Using Excel to Calculate Poisson Probabilities

130

(1)

Using the Poisson Distribution as an Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

131

(2)

Your Turn

133

(2)

The Normal Probability Distribution

135

(18)

Characteristics of the Normal Probability Distribution

136

(2)

Calculating Probabilities for the Normal Distribution

138

(9)

Calculating the Standard Z-Score

138

(2)

Using the Standard Normal Table

140

(5)

The Empirical Rule Revisited

145

(1)

Calculating Normal Probabilities Using Excel

146

(1)

Using the Normal Distribution as an Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

147

(3)

Your Turn

150

(3)

Part 3: Inferential Statistics

153

(108)

Sampling

155

(12)

Why Sample?

156

(1)

Random Sampling

157

(6)

Simple Random Sampling

158

(2)

Systematic Sampling

160

(1)

Cluster Sampling

161

(1)

Stratified Sampling

162

(1)

Sampling Errors

163

(1)

Examples of Poor Sampling Techniques

164

(1)

Your Turn

165

(2)

Sampling Distributions

167

(18)

What Is a Sampling Distribution?

167

(1)

Sampling Distribution of the Mean

168

(4)

The Central Limit Theorem

172

(2)

Standard Error of the Mean

174

(1)

Why Does the Central Limit Theorem Work?

175

(2)

Putting the Central Limit Theorem to Work

177

(2)

Using the Central Limit Theorem with an Unknown Population Mean

179

(1)

Sampling Distribution of the Proportion

180

(3)

Calculating the Sample Proportion

181

(1)

Calculating the Standard Error of the Proportion

182

(1)

Your Turn

183

(2)

Confidence Intervals

185

(18)

Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Large Samples

186

(8)

Estimators

186

(1)

Confidence Levels

187

(2)

Beware of the Interpretation of Confidence Interval!

189

(1)

The Effect of Changing Confidence Levels

190

(1)

The Effect of Changing Sample Size

191

(1)

Determining Sample Size for the Mean

191

(1)

Calculating a Confidence Interval When σ Is Unknown

192

(1)

Using Excel's Confidence Function

193

(1)

Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Small Samples

194

(4)

When σ Is Known

194

(1)

When σ Is Unknown

195

(3)

Confidence Intervals for the Proportion with Large Samples

198

(2)

Calculating the Confidence Interval for the Proportion

199

(1)

Determining Sample Size for the Proportion

200

(1)

Your Turn

200

(3)

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

203

(16)

Hypothesis Testing---the Basics

204

(5)

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis

205

(1)

Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

206

(1)

Two-Tail Hypothesis Test

206

(2)

One-Tail Hypothesis Test

208

(1)

Type I and Type II Errors

209

(1)

Example of a Two-Tail Hypothesis Test

210

(3)

Using the Scale of the Original Variable

211

(1)

Using the Standardized Normal Scale

212

(1)

Example of a One-Tail Hypothesis Test

213

(3)

Your Turn

216

(3)

Hypothesis Testing with One Sample

219

(20)

Hypothesis Testing for the Mean with Large Samples

220

(3)

When Sigma Is Known

220

(1)

When Sigma Is Unknown

221

(2)

The Role of Alpha in Hypothesis Testing

223

(2)

Introducing the p-Value

225

(2)

The p-Value for a One-Tail Test

225

(1)

The p-Value for a Two-Tail Test

226

(1)

Hypothesis Testing for the Mean with Small Samples

227

(7)

When Sigma Is Known

228

(1)

When Sigma Is Unknown

229

(4)

Using Excel's TINV Function

233

(1)

Hypothesis Testing for the Proportion with Large Samples

234

(4)

One-Tail Hypothesis Test for the Proportion

234

(2)

Two-Tail Hypothesis Test for the Proportion

236

(2)

Your Turn

238

(1)

Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples

239

(22)

The Concept of Testing Two Populations

240

(1)

Sampling Distribution for the Difference in Means

240

(2)

Testing for Differences Between Means with Large Sample Sizes

242

(3)

Testing a Difference Other Than Zero

245

(1)

Testing for Differences Between Means with Small Sample Sizes and Unknown Sigma

246

(4)

Equal Population Standard Deviations

247

(2)

Unequal Population Standard Deviations

249

(1)

Letting Excel Do the Grunt Work

250

(2)

Testing for Differences Between Means with Dependent Samples

252

(3)

Testing for Differences Between Proportions with Independent Samples

255

(3)

Your Turn

258

(3)

Part 4: Advanced Inferential Statistics

261

(104)

The Chi-Square Probability Distribution

263

(16)

Review of Data Measurement Scales

264

(1)

The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

264

(5)

Stating the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

265

(1)

Observed Versus Expected Frequencies

266

(1)

Calculating the Chi-Square Statistic

267

(1)

Determining the Critical Chi-Square Score

267

(1)

Using Excel's CHIINV Function

268

(1)

Characteristics of a Chi-Square Distribution

269

(1)

A Goodness-of-Fit Test with the Binomial Distribution

270

(2)

Chi-Square Test for Independence

272

(3)

Your Turn

275

(4)

Analysis of Variance

279

(14)

One-Way Analysis of Variance

280

(1)

Completely Randomized ANOVA

281

(6)

Partitioning the Sum of Squares

282

(2)

Determining the Calculated F-Statistic

284

(1)

Determining the Critical F-Statistic

285

(2)

Using Excel's FINV Function

287

(1)

Using Excel to Perform One-Way ANOVA

287

(2)

Pairwise Comparisons

289

(1)

Your Turn

290

(3)

Correlation and Simple Regression

293

(72)

Independent Versus Dependent Variables

294

(1)

Correlation

295

(18)

Correlation Coefficient

296

(2)

Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient

298

(1)

Using Excel to Calculate Correlation Coefficients

299

(1)

Simple Regression

300

(1)

The Least Squares Method

301

(3)

Confidence Interval for the Regression Line

304

(2)

Testing the Slope of the Regression Line

306

(1)

The Coefficient of Determination

307

(1)

Using Excel for Simple Regression

308

(1)

A Simple Regression Example with Negative Correlation

309

(4)

Assumptions for Simple Regression

313

(1)

Simple Versus Multiple Regression

313

(1)

Your Turn

313

(2)

Appendixes

A Solutions to ``Your Turn''

315

(26)

B Statistical Tables

341

(16)

C Glossary

357

(8)

Index

365

Robert A. Donnelly Jr. is an associate professor at Goldey-Beacom College in Wilmington, Delaware, with more than 15 years of teaching experience. He teaches classes in statistics, operations management, management information systems, and database management at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Bob earned an undergraduate degree in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware, after which he worked for several years as an engineer in a local chemical plant. Despite success in this field, Bob felt drawn to pursue a career in education. It was his desire to teach (or maybe he just had a bad day) that took him back to school to earn his MBA and Ph.D. in operations research, also from the University of Delaware. Go Blue Hens! Bob's working experience prior to his teaching career has provided him with many opportunities to incorporate real-life examples into classroom learning. His students appreciate his knowledge of the business world as well as his mastery of the course subject matter. Many former students seek Bob's assistance in work-related issues that deal with his expertise. Typical student comments focus on his genuine concern for their welfare and his desire to help them succeed in reaching their goals. They also love when he cancels class because the roads in his backwoods neighborhood have flooded. While keeping teaching as his main focus, Bob performs consulting activities through his firm, Partners for Strategic Solutions, which provides services for businesses seeking management techniques to improve performance. He recently completed a test bank for a new textbook on mathematical modeling using Excel for Prentice-Hall Publishers. Bob has also remained current with today's technology with CIW certification as Master CIW Designer. You can reach him at partners@4strategicsolutions.com. It is obvious to anyone that Bob's first love is teaching. His children can attest to that when his eyes light up at the end of the day and he asks "Well, does anybody need help with their math homework?" Sometimes they say yes just to make him happy.

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