Managing genetic resources and traditional knowledge is critical to one of the most significant issues facing the global environment maintenance of biodiversity. The adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing marked an important step towards the implementation of Article 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity. While the literature on access and benefit-sharing has been abundant, this is the first book to reply to a number of complex legal questions related to the interpretation and implementation of the Nagoya Protocol, taking stock of a wide range of lessons learnt at the international, national and local level. Written by a team of expert academics and practitioners in the field, this innovative book makes a timely and valuable contribution to academic and policy debates in international environmental law, international biodiversity law, intellectual property, climate law and the law of indigenous populations.