Rent 9780131069657 | College Reference with E-Book 2003 MLA Update | Fulwiler, Toby; Hayakawa, Alan R. @knetbooks.com

Summary Table of Contents

This brief, spiral-bound handbook offers the most coverage of the writing process available in a brief handbook.

Preface

xiv

PART 1 The Writing Process

(74)

A Writer's Questions

(7)

... MORE

What is the purpose?

(2)

Who is the audience?

(1)

What is the situation?

(1)

Finding your voice

(3)

The Writing Process

(5)

Planning

(1)

Drafting

(1)

Researching

(1)

Revising

(1)

Editing

(1)

Word processing

(2)

If English is your second language

(1)

Writing to Discover

(5)

Brainstorm to find ideas

(1)

Freewrite to advance ideas

(1)

Cluster to connect ideas

(1)

Outline to organize ideas

(1)

Question to test ideas

(1)

Journal Writing

(6)

Journals in the writing dass

(1)

Journals across the curriculum

(1)

Personal journals

(1)

Topics for journal writing

(2)

Recounting Experience

(8)

Finding a topic (what?)

(1)

Delineating character (who?)

(1)

Establishing perspective (how?)

(1)

Describing setting (where?)

(1)

Ordering events (when?)

(1)

Developing a theme (why ?)

(1)

Shaping the whole paper

(4)

Explaining Concepts

(9)

Writing to explain

(1)

Finding a topic

(1)

Developing a thesis

(1)

Strategies for explaining

(5)

Organizing logically

(1)

Staying neutral

(1)

Shaping the whole paper (student essay)

(3)

Writing Interpretive Essays

(7)

Presenting a text

(1)

Exploring a text

(1)

Finding a topic

(1)

Developing an interpretation

(2)

Shaping the whole paper (student essays)

(2)

Arguing Positions

(14)

Selecting an issue

(1)

Analyzing an issue

(2)

Developing an argument

(2)

Organizing the paper

(2)

Shaping the whole paper (student essay)

(6)

Revising

(6)

General revising strategies

(1)

Focused revising strategies

(4)

Tools for revising

(1)

Editing

(5)

Strategies for editing

(1)

Editing for specific purposes

(1)

Editing with peers

(3)

PART 2 The Research Process

(38)

Beginning the Research Process

(5)

Keeping a research log

(1)

Finding a topic

(1)

Developing a research question

(1)

Formulating a working thesis

(1)

Using the writing process

(2)

Conducting Library Research

(4)

Reference room

(1)

Periodicals

(1)

Online catalog

(1)

Alternative resources

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Notes

(1)

Conducting Internet Research

(7)

Select a search engine

(1)

Limit the search

(1)

Search strategies

(1)

Surf strategies

(1)

Check e-mail and newsgroups

(1)

Conducting Field Research

(4)

Observing places

(2)

Interviewing people

(1)

Conducting surveys

(1)

Evaluating Research Sources

(7)

Evaluating library sources

(2)

Evaluating electronic sources

(4)

Evaluating field sources

103

(1)

Using Sources

104

(9)

Direct quotations

104

(4)

Paraphrasing

108

(1)

Summarizing

109

(1)

Plagiarism

110

(3)

PART 3 Document Design

113

(20)

Principles of Design

115

(8)

Creating a design style

115

(3)

Lists

118

(1)

Communicating with graphics

119

(4)

Constructing Web Pages

123

(4)

Power and restrictions

123

(1)

Web page design guidelines

124

(3)

Portfolios and Publishing

127

(6)

Course portfolios

127

(2)

Story portfolios

129

(2)

Publishing class books

131

(1)

Publishing on the World Wide Web

132

(1)

PART 4 Editing: Clarity

133

(52)

Paragraph Structure

135

(7)

Unity

136

(1)

Standard patterns of organization

136

(2)

Coherent paragraphs

138

(4)

Strong Openings

142

(3)

Techniques for openings

143

(1)

Edit opening paragraphs with special care

144

(1)

Thoughtful Closings

145

(3)

Closing with a rhetorical question

145

(1)

Closing with a genuine question

146

(1)

Closing with a concise summary

146

(1)

Closing with a call to action

146

(1)

Closing with speculation

147

(1)

Powerful Sentences

148

(11)

Types of sentences

148

(2)

Coordinating equal ideas

150

(1)

Coordinating related ideas

151

(1)

Hierarchy of ideas (subordination)

152

(4)

Effective subordination

156

(1)

Parallel structures

157

(1)

Effective parallelism

158

(1)

Concise Sentences

159

(5)

Vague generalities

160

(1)

Idle words

160

(1)

Automatic phrases

161

(1)

Wordy phrases

161

(1)

Useless modifiers

161

(1)

Redundancy

161

(2)

Elliptical constructions

163

(1)

Pretentious language

163

(1)

Euphemisms

164

(1)

Strong Verbs

164

(4)

Replace static verbs with action verbs

165

(1)

Avoid weak action verbs

165

(1)

Change nouns back to verbs

166

(1)

Change passive voice to active

166

(2)

Specific Nouns and Modifiers

168

(1)

Concrete, specific nouns

168

(1)

Specific modifiers

168

(1)

The Right Word

169

(9)

The dictionary and the thesaurus

169

(2)

Roots, prefixes, and suffixes

171

(1)

Denotations and connotations

171

(1)

Idiomatic expressions

172

(2)

Slang, regionalisms, and colloquialisms

174

(1)

Jargon

175

(1)

Figurative language

176

(1)

Cliches

176

(2)

Unbiased Language

178

(5)

Recognizing stereotypes

178

(1)

Choosing group labels

179

(2)

Using nonsexist language

181

(2)

Proofreading

183

(2)

PART 5 Editing: Punctuation

185

(40)

Commas

187

(10)

Commas that connect independent clauses

187

(1)

Commas after introductory elements

188

(1)

Commas that set off supplementary information

189

(2)

Commas that set off parenthetical elements

191

(1)

Commas between items in a series

191

(1)

Commas that separate equal modifiers

192

(1)

Commas that set off contrast elements, tag sentences, and direct address

192

(1)

Commas with quotations

193

(1)

Commas with numbers, dates, names, and places

193

(1)

Commas to prevent misreading

194

(3)

Semicolons

197

(3)

Semicolons between clauses

198

(1)

Semicolons following transitional expressions to join two independent clauses

198

(1)

Semicolons between items in a series containing commas

199

(1)

Colons

200

(3)

Colons as marks of introduction

200

(2)

Colons between divisions of time, biblical chapters and verses, titles and subtitles, and in business communication

202

(1)

Apostrophes

203

(5)

Apostrophes to show possession or ownership

203

(2)

Apostrophes to form plurals of words used as words, letters, numbers, and symbols

205

(1)

Apostrophes to form contractions

206

(2)

Quotation Marks

208

(7)

Quotation marks for direct quotations

208

(2)

Quotation marks for dialogue

210

(1)

Quotation marks for certain titles

210

(2)

Quotation marks for special purposes

212

(1)

Quotation marks with other punctuation

212

(3)

Parentheses and Brackets

215

(3)

Parentheses

215

(1)

Brackets

216

(2)

Dashes, Slashes, and Ellipsis Points

218

(3)

Dashes

218

(1)

Ellipsis points

219

(1)

Slashes

220

(1)

End Punctuation

221

(4)

Periods

221

(1)

Question marks

222

(1)

Exdamation points

223

(2)

PART 6 Editing: Conventions of Written English

225

(28)

Spelling

227

(9)

Commonly confused words

227

(4)

Basic spelling rules

231

(5)

Capitalization

236

(6)

Capitalization of the first word of a sentence

236

(1)

Capitalization in quotations and lines of poetry

237

(1)

Proper nouns

237

(4)

Titles

241

(1)

Capitalization and punctuation

241

(1)

Hyphens

242

(2)

Hyphens at the ends of lines

242

(1)

Hyphens after some prefixes

242

(1)

Hyphens in compound words

243

(1)

Numbers, fractions, and units of measure

243

(1)

Numbers

244

(2)

Figures or spelled-out numbers?

244

(1)

Conventional uses of numbers

245

(1)

Abbreviations

246

(4)

Abbreviated titles and degrees

246

(1)

Abbreviations with numbers

247

(1)

Degrees, numbers, and units of measure

247

(1)

Symbols

248

(1)

Abbreviated geographic names

248

(1)

Common Latin abbreviations

248

(1)

Acronyms and initials

249

(1)

Italics and Underlining

250

(3)

Italics or underlining for titles

250

(1)

Italics or underlining for the names of individual trains, ships, and planes

251

(1)

Italics or underlining for foreign words

251

(1)

Italics or underlining for emphasis

251

(2)

PART 7 Editing: Grammar

253

(88)

Reviewing Grammar

255

(28)

Parts of speech

255

(17)

Elements of a sentence

272

(7)

Sentence classification and sentence patterns

279

(4)

Using Verbs Correctly

283

(15)

Standard verb forms

284

(1)

Irregular verb forms

285

(4)

Sit and set, lie and lay

289

(1)

Auxiliary verbs

290

(1)

Verb tense

291

(5)

Verb mood

296

(2)

Voice

298

(1)

Making Subjects Agree with Verbs

298

(9)

Agreement of person and number

298

(1)

Interruptions between subject and verb

299

(1)

When the subject follows the verb

299

(1)

Verb agreement and linking verbs

300

(1)

Verb agreement with subjects joined by and

300

(1)

Verb agreement with subjects jointed by or and nor

301

(1)

Verb agreement with collective nouns

301

(1)

Verb agreement with indefinite pronouns

302

(2)

Verb agreement with who, which, and that

304

(2)

Verb agreement with nouns ending in -s, with nouns that specify amounts, and with titles

306

(1)

Using Pronouns Correctly

307

(10)

Pronoun reference

308

(2)

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

310

(3)

Pronoun case

313

(4)

Working with Adjectives and Adverbs

317

(6)

Adjective or adverb?

318

(1)

Linking verbs and modifiers

319

(1)

Commonly confused modifiers

319

(2)

Comparatives and superlatives

321

(1)

Avoiding double negatives

322

(1)

Positioning Modifiers

323

(4)

Repositioning misplaced modifiers

323

(1)

Squinting modifiers

324

(1)

Dangling modifiers

324

(1)

Moving disruptive modifiers

325

(2)

Eliminating Sentence Fragments

327

(3)

Fragments lacking verbs or subjects

327

(2)

Dependent clause fragments

329

(1)

Intentional fragments

329

(1)

Eliminating Comma Splices and Fused Sentences

330

(5)

Using a comma and a coordinating conjunction

331

(1)

Adding a semicolon

332

(1)

Adding a colon

333

(1)

Writing separate sentences

334

(1)

Using subordination

334

(1)

Creating one independent clause

335

(1)

Eliminating Shifts and Mixed Constructions

335

(6)

Editing unnecessary shifts in person and number

335

(1)

Editing unnecessary shifts in tense

336

(1)

Editing unnecessary shifts in mood

336

(1)

Editing unnecessary shifts in voice and subject

337

(1)

Editing unnecessary shifts between direct and indirect quotation

338

(1)

Eliminating mixed constructions

338

(1)

Revising illogical constructions

339

(1)

Eliminating faulty predication

340

(1)

PART 8 Academic Conventions

341

(96)

MLA Documentation

343

(35)

Guidelines for formatting manuscripts

343

(4)

Guidelines for in-text citations

347

(4)

Conventions for the list of Works Cited

351

(4)

Documenting books

355

(4)

Documenting periodicals

359

(1)

Documenting electronic sources

360

(4)

Documenting other sources

364

(3)

Student paper: MLA style

367

(11)

APA Documentation

378

(28)

Guidelines for formatting manuscripts

378

(3)

Guidelines for in-text citations

381

(3)

Guidelines for the APA References page

384

(2)

Documenting books

386

(3)

Documenting periodicals

389

(1)

Documenting electronic sources

390

(1)

Documenting other sources

391

(1)

Informational research paper: APA style

392

(14)

Chicago Manual Style and Other Documentation Styles

406

(22)

Chicago style (CMS)

406

(10)

Columbia online style

416

(9)

Documentation styles in the sciences

425

(3)

Writing for Work

428

(9)

Business letters

429

(2)

Memos

431

(1)

The conventions of e-mail

431

(1)

Resumes

432

(5)

Glossary of Usage

437

(18)

ESL Index

455

(2)

Index

457

(19)

Editing Symbols

476

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